ChildA级单个直径≤5cm肝细胞肝癌行肝移植与肝切除的预后比较

目的比较ChildA级、单个、直径≤5cm肝细胞肝癌行肝移植与肝切除术的预后。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院肝移植中心2007～2011年期间行肝切除术及肝移植术的ChildA级、单个、直径≤5cm肝细胞肝癌患者的临床资料,比较2组患者术后无瘤生存率及总体生存率。结果本研究共纳入263例患者,其中肝移植组36例,肝切除组227例。肝移植组与肝切除组患者术后1、3及5年无瘤生存率分别为91．7％、85．3％及81．0％和80．6％、59．8％及50．8％,肝移植组高于肝切除组（P=-0．003）;术后1、3及5年总体生存率分别为100％、87．5％及83．1％和96．9％、83．8％及76．1％,2组间差异无统计学意义伊=0．391）。以肿瘤直径〈3em为标准再予以分析,其肝移植组与肝切除组术后1、3及5年无瘤生存率分别为92．3％、92．3％及92．3％和80．2％、62．5％及50．5％,肝移植组高于肝切除组（P=-0．019）;术后1、3及5年总体生存率分别为100％、91．7％及91．7％和97．7％、87．5％及79．5％,2组间差异也无统计学意义（p0．470）。结论ChildA级、单个、直径≤5cm肝细胞肝癌患者肝切除术后复发率高于肝移植,但两种治疗方式的术后总体生存率相似。     

ALPPSLPPS在肝细胞癌治疗中的地位

<正>对肝细胞癌,特别是中期(BCLC-B期)肝细胞癌(后简称肝癌),肝部分切除或全肝切除肝移植是其明确的可能治愈的手段。虽然肝移植治疗符合选择标准的肝癌,其5年总体生存率和无瘤生存率都比肝部分切除高,但供肝短缺是全世界都存在的巨大问题,大大地限制了肝移植的开展,因此,肝部分切除就成为原发性肝癌可能治愈的常规手段。但是,我国的肝癌多源于慢性乙型肝炎,大约80%的肝癌伴有肝硬化。对伴有肝硬化的肝癌行手术切除,     

原发性肝癌的外科治疗:20年7566例的临床经验

目的 总结原发性肝癌外科治疗的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院肝癌研究所1988年1月至2007年12月7566例原发性肝癌外科治疗的临床资料.采用Kaplan-Meier法计算术后生存率和无复发生存率,Log-rank检验比较组间差异,多因素分析采用Cox回归模型.结果 7164例肝癌肝切除患者术后3、5、10年生存率分别为56.29%、41.76%、26.70%,无复发生存率分别为63.92%、56.12%、42.97%,围手术期死亡率为1.54%.肿瘤直径≤5 cm的小肝癌患者术后5、10年生存率分别为58.20%、38.47%.肿瘤直径5 cm的大肝癌患者术后5、10年生存率分别为31.42%、20.43%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(X2=535.568,P<0.01).110例肿瘤降期后切除患者、515例术后复发再次切除患者、168例肝癌合并门静脉主干癌栓患者的5年生存率分别为51.26%、67.28%、26.81%,5年无复发牛存率分别为77.44%、13.01%(统计始于第1次手术)、34.90%.402例肝癌肝移植患者术后3、5年生存率及无复发牛存率分别为60.81%、55.63%及64.47%、58.52%.肿瘤直径、数目、分化程度及大血管侵犯是影响肝癌肝切除患者牛存率及无复发生存率的独立预后因素(X2=200.539,27.536,96.964,216.156,P<0.01).结论 肝癌早期筛查和治疗,手术安全性的提高,综合治疗模式的开展,预防转移、复发研究的突破,显著地提高了肝癌外科治疗的效果.     

肝脏移植对23例肝细胞性肝癌的治疗价值研究

目的进一步探讨肝细胞性肝癌肝移植治疗的疗效 ,评价其应用价值。方法对 1999年 2月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月连续实施的 95例肝移植中的 2 3例肝细胞肝癌患者进行随访和回顾性分析 ,探讨肝细胞性肝癌临床病理学因素对肝移植术后生存率和肝癌复发的影响。结果本组肝细胞性肝癌总的复发率为 6 5 % (15 /2 3) ,6个月、12个月的无癌生存率分别为 75 %、5 8%。多元分析表明 ,肝细胞性肝癌的直径与它的复发率有相关性 (P =0 0 2 4 ) ,而其他的临床病理学因素未显示有统计学意义(Wald =5 113,P =0 0 2 4 )。而年龄、性别、癌灶数目、门静脉癌栓形成、TNM分期、术前AFP水平、术前治疗、合并肝硬化等病理学因素则在统计学上未显示有显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论大肝癌是肝移植的相对禁忌证 ,而小肝癌是肝移植的良好适应证     

补救性肝移植的疗效

目的 探讨补救性肝移植的适应证及其临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003年10月至2006年3月中山大学附属第三医院35例肝癌肝切除术后行肝移植患者的临床资料.比较补救性肝移植组(19例)和超补救性肝移植组(16例)患者的手术情况、术后并发症及预后等指标.计数和计量资料分别采用x2和t检验,非正态分布采用秩和检验,Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,生存率的比较采用Log-rank检验.结果 补救性肝移植组和超补救性肝移植组患者的无肝期、冷缺血时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术中输注红细胞量、术中输注新鲜冰冻血浆量、肝移植并发症发生率、再移植率分别为(32±9)min、(8.0±2.1)h、(7.6±1.5)h、2300ml、8 U、23 U、6/19、2/19和(34±7)min、(7.4±2.3)h、(7.4±2.0)h、2750ml、12 U、20U、4/16、1/16,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.726,-0.804,-0.366,Z=-0.348,-0.549,-0.149,x2=0.184,0.203,P＞0.05).补救性肝移植组和超补救性肝移植组患者围术期死亡率、术后肿瘤复发率分别为0、2/19和4/16、9/16,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.363,8.426,P＜0.05).补救性肝移植组和超补救性肝移植组患者1、3、5年累积生存率分别为100%、84%、84%和75%、33%、33%;1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为100%、89%、89%和48%、29%、19%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.58,19.31,P＜0.05).结论 补救性肝移植是肝癌治疗过程中的一种有效策略,米兰标准是目前补救性肝移植的最佳适应证.     

不规则肝切除加区域性缓释化疗治疗原发性肝癌48例

目的观察不规则肝切除加区域性缓释化疗治疗原发性肝癌48例治疗效果。方法对比分析近6年来118例肝癌患者单纯肝切除与不规则肝切除加氟尿嘧啶颗粒区域性缓释化疗治疗原发性肝癌的临床资料。结果单纯手术组与不规则肝切除加氟尿嘧啶颗粒区域性缓释化疗治疗组1、3、5年术后复发率分别为67.2%对37.5%、84.4%对55.0%、94.8%对72.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组病人1、3、5年生存率分别为58.7%对90%、41.1%对72.5%、13.8%对40%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不规则肝切除加氟尿嘧啶颗粒区域性缓释化疗治疗可明显降低术后复发率,提高生存率。     

肝癌肝移植的标准及其与预后的关系

目的 评价肝移植治疗肝细胞癌的价值以及受者选择对病人术后存活的影响.方法 对我院2000年6月至2007年2月实施的63例原发性肝细胞癌肝移植临床资料进行回顾性分析.采用kaplan-meier法进行生存率统计分析.结果 63例原发性肝细胞癌病人肝移植术后1、3、5年累积生存率分别为77.4%、59.3%、48.9%.符合Milan标准、符合UCSF标准和不符合UCSF标准受者,肝移植术后1、3、5年累积生存率分别为93.8%、92.1%、29.2%;80.8%、79.2%、8.3%;80.8%、79.2%、0.符合Milan标准、符合UCSF标准和不符合UCSF标准受者,术后1、2、3年肿瘤累积复发率分别为6.2%、15.5%、19.2%;7.9%、15.9%、20.8%;70.8%、87.5%、91.7%(P＜0.01).但是,符合UCSF标准与符合Milan标准受者移植术后累积生存率和肝癌累积复发率相似(P＞0.05).结论 以UCSF标准筛选肝癌病人进行肝移植不仅扩大了肝癌肝移植的适应证,还可以取得与Milan标准同样的效果.     

补救性肝移植19例手术体会

目的探讨采用补救性肝移植(salvage liver transplantation,SLT)治疗原发性肝细胞癌(肝癌)切除术后肝内复发或肝功能衰竭的疗效及手术体会。方法肝癌切除术后肝内复发16例,肝癌切除术后肝功能衰竭3例,其中合并肾功能异常2例,均接受SLT。术前充分评估病情。手术方式采用附加腔静脉整形的改良背驮式原位肝移植,其中肾功能异常的2例采用股静脉-颈内静脉转流术。肝动脉的重建采用供肝腹腔干动脉与受者肝固有动脉行端端吻合17例,采用供肝腹腔干动脉通过供者髂动脉间置搭桥与受者腹主动脉行端侧吻合2例。胆道的重建全部采用胆道端端吻合。术程始终遵循精细的无瘤操作,术后常规抗排斥和抗感染治疗,并对患者进行了长期随访。结果围手术期19例SLT患者无死亡。术后1、3、5年累积生存率分别为100%、84%、84%;1、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为100%、89%、89%。结论采用SLT治疗肝癌切除术后肝内复发或肝功能衰竭患者的疗效较好。采用腔静脉整形的改良背驮式肝移植术式、充分的术前评估以及遵循精细的无瘤操作是手术成功的关键。     

不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵治疗肝癌疗效分析

目的评价不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵化疗对肝癌术后复发率及生存率的影响.方法对比分析近15年来66例肝癌患者单纯肝切除(48例)与肝切除加肝动脉置泵化疗(18例)的临床资料.结果单纯手术组与手术联合化疗泵组1、3、5年术后复发率分别为66.7%对38.9%、85.4%对55.6%、93.8%对72.2%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).两组病人1、3、5年生存率分别为58.3%对88.9%、41.7%对72.2%、12.5%对38.9%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论肝癌不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵化疗可明显降低术后复发率、提高生存率.     

冷冻肝切除对降低肝癌术后复发的初步评价

目的探讨冷冻肝切除对降低肝癌术后复发率和提高生存率的价值。方法对84例原发性肝癌行冷冻肝切除,即对可切除肝癌,先用液氮(-196℃)冷冻,将癌块冷冻成冰球然后立即作常规根治性肝切除。术后定期随访。复发率和生存率用寿命表法统计。结果术后恢复均顺利,无手术死亡,无严重并发症。冷冻肝切除后1、3、5年生存率分别为98．7％、83．9％和64．0％。术后复发率分别为15．1％、30．1％和39．0％。结论冷冻肝切除是安全可行的,有可能降低肝癌术后复发率和提高生存率。冷冻肝切除与常规肝切除的远期疗效比较,尚需进一步观察。     

Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in China

Background and aims Surgery remains the most effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While resection and liver transplantation achieve the best outcomes in patients with small HCC, controversy surrounds treatment of large HCC, HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus, and HCC with hypersplenism.Patient/methods From January 1988 to December 2002, 2,102 patients with large HCC underwent hepatectomy in our hospital. The traditional resection method was used on 959 patients, after which the improved new method was used on 1,143 patients. Meanwhile, from January 1990 until December 2003, hepatic resection ± thrombectomie has been performed in 438 patients with HCC and portal vein tumor thrombus. Among them, 286 patients showed portal vein tumor thrombus located in the primary and secondary branch of the main portal vein (group A), and 152 patients showed portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) involved in the main portal vein (group B). Additionally, out of 204 HCC patients with cirrhotic hypersplenism, 94 patients had hepatectomy and splenectomy, and 100 patients had only hepatectomy without hospital death.Results The 3- and 5-year survival after resection of large HCCs (over 5 cm) with improved new method in China was between 50.7 and 58.8% and 27.9 and 38.7%, respectively. Tumor recurrence in the liver within 1 year after hepatic resection + thrombectomie was detected in 45% of group A and in 78.8% in group B. The cumulative 5-year overall survival rates were 18.1% for group A and 0% for group B. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival in HCC plus portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) was 58.7, 22.7, and 18.1%. The hepatectomy/splenectomy group had a 5-year tumor-free survival rate of 37.2% and the hepatectomy group alone had 27.2%.Conclusion The new resection methods, hepatic resection + thrombectomy and hepatectomy + splenectomy, are very effective treatments for large HCC, HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus, and HCC with hypersplenism, respectively. Local treatment modalities, e.g. percutaneous ethanol injection, cryosurgery, and radiofrequency ablation as well as microwave coagulation are used in patients with poor liver function in small and large HCCs.     

符合"复旦标准"的肝癌肝移植受者复发后生存状况及诊治策略

目的分析影响肝癌肝移植术后复发受者生存状况的临床病理因素,总结诊治经验。方法对102例符合"复旦标准"移植后肿瘤复发受者的临床病理特征及诊治方案进行比较(单因素分析),通过Cox多因素分析得到有独立意义的预后指标。结果本组受者1、3、5年的总体存活率分别为92.2%、48.6%、34.6%,复发后1、3、5年的带瘤存活率分别为63.2%、31.0%、16.7%,Cox多因素分析示患者年龄、肿瘤可否切除、能否采取以靶向治疗为主的个体化诊治方案是影响总体存活率和带瘤生存率的独立预后因素。结论肝移植术后肿瘤的复发转移严重影响受者生存,通过积极有效地精准诊治,部分受者仍可获得较满意的预后。     

Long-term survival and pattern of recurrence after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with preserved liver function: implications for a strategy of salvage transplantation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the survival results and pattern of recurrence after resection of potentially transplantable small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in patients with preserved liver function, with special reference to the implications for a strategy of salvage transplantation. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Primary resection followed by transplantation for recurrence or deterioration of liver function has been recently suggested as a rational strategy for patients with HCC 5 cm or smaller and preserved liver function. However, there are no published data on transplantability after HCC recurrence or long-term deterioration of liver function after resection of small HCC in Child-Pugh class A patients. Such data are critical in determining the feasibility of salvage transplantation. METHODS: From a prospective database of 473 patients with resection of HCC between 1989 and 1999, 135 patients age 65 years or younger had Child-Pugh class A chronic liver disease (chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis) and transplantable small HCC (solitary < or =5 cm or two or three tumors < or = 3 cm). Survival results were analyzed and the pattern of recurrence was examined for eligibility for salvage transplantation based on the same criteria as those of primary transplantation for HCC. RESULTS: Overall survival rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years were 90%, 76%, 70%, and 35%, respectively, and the corresponding disease-free survival rates were 74%, 50%, 36%, and 22%. Cirrhosis and oligonodular tumors were predictive of worse disease-free survival. Patients with concomitant oligonodular tumors and cirrhosis had a 5-year overall survival rate of 48% and a disease-free survival rate of 0%, which were significantly worse compared with other subgroups. At a median follow-up of 48 months, 67 patients had recurrence and 53 (79%) of them were considered eligible for salvage transplantation. Decompensation from Child-Pugh class A to B or C without recurrence occurred in only six patients. CONCLUSIONS: For Child-Pugh class A patients with small HCC, hepatic resection is a reasonable first-line treatment associated with a favorable 5-year overall survival rate. A considerable proportion of patients may survive without recurrence for 5 or even 10 years; among those with recurrence, the majority may be eligible for salvage transplantation. These data suggest that primary resection and salvage transplantation may be a feasible and rational strategy for patients with small HCC and preserved liver function. Primary transplantation may be a preferable option for the subset of patients with oligonodular tumors in cirrhotic liver in view of the poor survival results after resection.     

Outcome of liver resection and transplantation for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL HCC) is an uncommon variant of hepatocellular carcinoma occurring usually in non‐cirrhotic livers. Hepatic resection or transplantation offers the only chance of cure. We reviewed our experience of surgery for FL HCC from 1985‐1998. Twenty patients with FL HCC (13 females and 7 males) median age 27 years (range 12‐69) were treated either by hepatic resection [n = 11; extended right hepatectomy (5), extended left hepatectomy (1), right hemihepatectomy (2), left hemihepatectomy (2), left lateral segmentectomy (1)] or, if the disease was non‐resectable, by transplantation (n = 9). The median follow up was 25 months (1‐63). The prognostic factors analysed included size [less than 5 cm (3 patients), more than 5 cm (17 patients)], number [solitary (16 patients), multiple (4 patients)], capsular invasion (6 patients), vascular invasion (11 patients) and lymph node invasion (6 patients). The overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 89.5, 75 and 50 %, respectively. The liver resection survival was better than liver transplantation survival at 3 years 100 vs 76 %, respectively (P < 0.025). Although all prognostic factors analysed did not show a significant difference, there is tendency that tumour stage was the most significant for prognosis. Most of the patients in this study are young and presented without specific symptoms, with normal liver function range and had no tumour marker to help in diagnosis. As a result most of our patients were diagnosed late. However the outcome of surgical intervention was favourable.     

原发性肝癌肝切除术后复发患者的肝移植治疗

目的观察肝移植治疗原发性肝癌肝切除术后复发患者的疗效。方法回顾性分析11例原发性肝癌肝切除术后复发接受经典原位肝移植治疗的受者的临床资料,观察移植效果。结果在围手术期,1例术后发生移植肝功能不全和凝血功能障碍并发肾功能衰竭死亡;1例术后出现急性胰腺炎,给予生长抑素治疗10d缓解;2例发生急性排斥反应,行大剂量甲泼尼龙冲击治疗3d逆转。10例受者顺利出院。出院后,3例分别于术后第5个月、第7个月、第19个月死于肝癌复发,1、2年受者存活率分别为72．7％（8／11）和63．6％（7／11）,至今最长存活的1例已达4年余。获长期存活的受者肝癌肝切除术前原发病均为小肝癌,肝切除术后复发行肝移植时肝癌均符合Milan标准。结论小肝癌行肝癌肝切除术后应密切随访,如发现肝癌复发且符合Milan标准可考虑行肝移植治疗,患者仍有可能获较长时间生存。     

原发性肝癌三种根治性方法疗效的多中心对比研究

目的 探讨肝切除、原位肝移植及射频消融三种疗法对原发性肝癌的治疗效果,以便为原发性肝癌的治疗选择恰当的方法.方法 广州市三家医院近5年来采用射频消融、肝切除及原位肝移植治疗原发性肝癌患者1198例.接受上述三种不同治疗方案的患者分别分为三组,Ⅰ组为小肝癌组,Ⅱ组为大肝癌无血管侵犯组,Ⅲ组为大肝癌并血管侵犯组.分别比较三组间1、2、3年治疗后生存率,3年肿瘤复发率;并对接受上述三种疗法各组患者肝功能Child-Pugh分级进行比较.结果 符合米兰标准的小肝癌患者行肝移植较肝切除3年生存率高(P<0.05),复发率低(P<0.05);射频消融者3年生存率及复发率均比肝切除好(P<0.05);射频消融的疗效及复发率与肝移植差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但接受射频消融及肝切除者肝功能绝大部分为Child A级,而肝移植者大部分为B及C级(P<0.01).超出米兰标准的大肝癌进行肝移植、肝切除或射频消融效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但肝移植的3年复发率偏低(P<0.05).结论 对于符合米兰标准的小肝癌患者,肝移植的中远期疗效优于肝切除;射频消融(3 cm以下肿瘤)疗效比肝切除好;射频消融的疗效及复发率与肝移植相当;但接受射频消融及肝切除者肝功能绝大部分为Child A级,而肝移植者大部分为B及C级.因而小肝癌合并肝功能不全者或衰竭者肝移植应为首选.超出米兰标准的大肝癌进行肝移植、肝切除或射频消融效果差别不大,但肝移植三年复发率偏低,在供肝短缺的情况下不主张首选肝移植.

Abstract：

Objective Partial hepatectomy, liver transplantation, and radio frequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were compared to select the most suitable method for HCC. Methods 1198 patients with HCC in 3 hospitals in Guangzhou were divided into 3 groups: group Ⅰ , small HCC; group Ⅱ > HCC without vascular invasions and group Ⅲ , HCC with vascular invasion. The patients either received partial hepatectomy, transplantation or ablation. The 1-, 2- or 3-year survival rates, the 3-year recurrent rates and Child-Pugh grades in the 3 groups were compared. Results For small HCC, there was a significant increase in the 3-year survival rate (P<0. 05) and a significant decease in the recurrent rate (P<0. 05) in patients who received transplantation, compared with those who received hepatic resection. Patients who received ablation had a higher 3-year survival rate and a lower recurrence (P<0. 05) in comparison with those who received hepatectomy. There was no significant difference(P<0. 05) between transplantation and ablation, but there were more Child A patients who received hepatectomy and ablation, and more Child B and C patients who received transplantation. For advanced HCC, there was no significant different in the 3-year survival rates for the 3 therapies, but the 3-year recurrence was lower (P<0. 05) in the transplantation group. Conclusions For small HCC, superiority of transplantation versus resection was obvious. Ablation (diameter <3 cm) was also superior to resection, whereas ablation was as effective as transplantation. There were more Child B and C patients in the transplantation group than the ablation and resection groups. Therefore, small HCC with hepatic decompensation should receive liver transplantation. Transplantation was advantageous in having less tumor recurrent but there was no difference in the 3 therapies for advanced HCC.     

再次肝切除治疗复发性肝癌疗效及预后因素分析

目的：探讨再次肝切除治疗复发性肝癌的价值并分析影响预后的相关因素。 方法：回顾性分析重庆医科大学附属第一医院2006—2013年26例复发性肝癌施行再次肝切除的临床资料。 结果：首次与再次手术的术中出血量、手术时间差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。首次术后中位无瘤生存时间21.0（3~192）个月,1、3、5年无瘤生存率为69.6%、26.1%、8.7%;再次肝切除术后中位无瘤生存时间为19.0（3~35）个月,1、3、5年无瘤生存率为68.4%、0、0,中位生存时间为 40.0个月,1、3、5年累积生存率为83.5%、55.7%、13.0%。26例患者总的生存时间为（87.8±19.3）个月,总中位生存时间为57.0个月,1、3、5年累计生存率100%、60.8%、30.4%。首次术后早期（2年内）复发行再次肝切除患者的生存率明显低于首次术后晚期（2年后）复发行再次切肝除患者（P=0.001）。单因素分析显示,复发间隔、手术方式及病理分期与再次肝切除术后的生存有关（均P<0.05）,三者在多因素分析中的P值分别为0.089、0.006、0.054。 结论：再次肝切除可提高复发性肝癌总生存率,但要严格选择适应证与合理的手术方式。复发间隔越短及肿瘤病理分期越晚,再次肝切除手术预后不良。     

原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓的外科治疗

目的　探讨伴胆管癌栓的原发性肝癌 (HCC)外科治疗方式的选择及对预后的影响。方法　回顾性分析 1994～ 2 0 0 1年 15例HCC伴胆管癌栓的外科治疗情况。　结果　肝癌切除加胆管癌栓清除术 7例 ,肝癌切除加肝外胆管切除术 4例 ,单纯胆总管切开取栓术 3例 ,背驮式肝移植 1例。术后 1年生存率为 73 3%,3年生存率为 40 %,其中有 2例生存已超过 5年。门静脉侵犯者的生存率显著低于未侵犯者 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓行外科治疗是一种积极有效的治疗方法。复发后选择适当病例再次手术 ,仍可取得较好疗效。肝移植作为一种崭新的手术方式值得探讨。