hMLH1和hMSH3基因多态性和单倍型与乳头状甲状腺癌的关联研究

目的 探讨中国汉族人群中hMLH1和hMSH3基因多态性及其组成的单倍型与乳头状甲状腺癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)遗传易感性的关系.方法 采用以医院为基础的1:1配对病例对照研究设计;应用聚合酶链反应、限制性片段长度多态性和等位基因特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交技术检测204对乳头状甲状腺癌患者和健康对照的hMLH1和hMSH3基因的多态性.结果 (1)以hMLH1基因1151TT为参照,1151TA基因型可以使PTC发病风险边缘性升高,OR值为2.15(95%CI:0.99～4.85);1151TA+AA基因型可使FIE发病风险显著性升高,OR值为2.15(95%CI:1.02～4.69);(2)hMLH1基因单倍型-93G、1151A、655A在病例组的频率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Y2=6.49,P=0.011).以-93G、1151T、655A单倍型为参照,-93G、1151A、655A单倍型可以使PIE发病风险升高,OR值为2.67(95%CI:1.16～6.53).(3)hMSH3基因单倍型3124G、2835A在病例组的频率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.11,P=0.043).以3124A、2835G单倍型为参照,3124G2835A单倍型能使PTC发病风险边缘性升高,OR值为3.08(95%CI:0.92～13.25).结论 hMLH1基因1151T/A多态与PIE的易感性有关,hMLH1基因-93G、1151A、655A单倍型和hMSH3基因3124G、2835A单倍型与PTC相关.     

ESR1基因单核苷酸多态性及单倍型与精神分裂症的关联研究

目的 探索雌激素受体1 (estrogen receptor 1,ESR1)基因rs2234693、rs9340799和rs3798759位点单核苷酸多念性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)及其单倍型与精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SZ)发病之间的相关性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术对333例SZ患者和315名正常对照rs2234693、rs9340799和rs3798759位点进行基因分型,应用x2检验对SZ组和对照组等位基因、基因型和单倍型频率进行分析.结果 rs2234693、rs9340799位点两组间基因型频率及等位基因分布差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).SZ组rs3798759位点GG基因型频率及G等位基因频率均高于健康对照组(P＜0.01).性别分层分析提示,女性SZ患者rs3798759位点TG、GG基因型频率及G等位基因频率均高于健康女性(P＜0.05).单倍型C-A-G和C-G-G在SZ组的分布频率高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 rs3798759位点突变可能为女性精神分裂症发生的风险因子,C-A-G和C-G-G单倍型可能为精神分裂症的遗传风险单倍型.     

噻嗪类-敏感的钠-氯协同转运蛋白基因多态性与原发性高血压的关系

目的探讨噻嗪类-敏感的钠-氯协同转运蛋白(thiazide-sensitive Na -Cl-cotransporter,TSC)基因1784C/T和2736G/A多态性与中国汉族人群原发性高血压(essential hypertension,EH)发病风险的关系。方法采用以社区为基础的病例-对照研究,选择190例EH患者和94名血压正常的对照者作为研究对象。用基因芯片方法检测TSC基因1784C/T和2736AG/位点的基因型,比较EH组和对照组基因型和等位基因分布频率的差异。结果在EH组和对照组1784C/T和2736G/A多态位点的基因型(1784C/TCC、CT、TT:87、88、15vs36、52、6;2736G/AGG、AG、AA:167、22、1vs83、10、1)和等位基因频率(1784C/TC、T:68.9%、31.1%vs66.0%、34.0%;2736G/AG、A:93.7%、6.3%vs93.6%、6.4%)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);单倍型分析显示1784C/T和2736G/A多态性构成的各单倍型分布频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),单倍型Logistic回归模型发现携带不同单倍型的人群EH发病风险亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TSC基因1784C/T和2736G/A多态性可能与我国汉族人群EH发病风险不相关,其结果需在今后的研究中进一步证实。     

血管紧张素原基因多态性与深静脉血栓的相关性研究

目的 探讨血管紧张素原(angiotensinogen,AGT)基因-6G/A、-20A/C、T174M 3种基因型多态在深静脉血栓发病中的意义.方法 应用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性方法对103例深静脉血栓患者和250名健康对照者进行AGT-6G/A、-20A/C、T174M基因多态性的检测,并进行基因型及等位基因频率和单倍型分析.结果 -6G/A GA基因型在深静脉血栓组中的分布频率(60.2.%)明显高于对照组(39.6%),经X2检验差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).单倍型分析显示病例组中-20A/-6G/174T单倍型频率高于对照组(P＜0.05).-20A/-6A/174T单倍型频率低于对照组(P＜0.05).-20A/C、T174M基因型在两组的分布频率差异无统计学意义.结论 AGT-6G/A多态性中,GA基因型可能会增加深静脉血栓的发生.-20A/-6G/174T单倍型可能是静脉血栓的危险因素,-20A/-6A/174T单倍型可能是静脉血栓的保护因素.     

ETS1基因与中国北方汉族人群系统性红斑狼疮的相关性研究

目的 验证ETS1基因在北方汉族人群系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)发生中的作用.方法 应用病例-对照关联研究,在山东汉族人群中收集231例SLE患者和474名正常对照,采用Taqman探针对ETS1基因3’非翻译区区域单核苷酸多态位点rs1128334与rs4937333进行基因分型,并对数据进行统计学计算和单倍型分析.结果 rs1128334等位基因A在病例组中的频率显著高于对照组(42.8％ vs.29.1％,OR=1.824,95％CI:1.445～2.302,P＜0.01),rs4937333等位基因T在病例组中的频率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(47.6％ vs.38.1％,OR=1.478,95％CI:1.181～1.851,P＜0.01).两位点的单倍型分析显示单倍型A-T与SLE的发病风险显著相关(P＜0.05,OR=0.738,95％CI:0.564～0.964),而单倍型G-C可以显著降低SLE的发病风险(P＜0.01,OR=0.296,95％CI:0.232～0.378).结论 ETS1基因rs1128334和rs4937333位点与北方汉族人群系统性红斑狼疮相关.     

中国北方地区汉族人皮肌炎／多发性肌炎与HLA-I类基因单倍型的相关性研究

目的：探讨HLA-A、B基因单倍型与中国北方地区汉族人皮肌炎，多发性肌炎的相关性。方法：采用聚合酶链反应，序列特异性引物(PER-SSP)技术，检测中国北方汉族皮肌炎，多发性肌炎患者的HLA-A、B等位基因。结果：与272例正常对照组比较，在52例皮肌炎，多发性肌炎患者中HLA-A2851、A2856、A32813、A32860单倍型频率明显增高，经统计学检验两组差别有显著意义，P值分别为0.0380、0.0309、0.0309和0.0253。在38例皮肌炎组中，HLA-A2818、．A2851、A2856、A31813、A32813和A26813单倍型频率明显增高，且P值均小于0.05(0.0406、0.0336、0.0144、0.0406、0.0141、0.0406)，两组差别有统计学意义。在14例多发性肌炎患者中HLA-A24876、A32860单倍型频率明显增高，P值均为0.0490。结论：特异单倍型可能是决定皮肌炎，多发性肌炎发病及皮肌炎、多发性肌炎异质性的重要因素。     

基质金属蛋白酶-3基因多态性与脑卒中亚型的相关性

目的 探讨中国北方汉族人群基质金属蛋白酶-3(matrix metalloproteinase-3,MMP-3)基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)亚型的相关性.方法 应用病例对照研究,选取289例急性缺血性脑卒中患者(发病≤3d)和175名同期健康体检者.卒中组按急性卒中治疗低分子肝素试验病因分型法分为大动脉粥样硬化性(large artery atherosclerotic,LAA)脑卒中185例,小动脉闭塞性(small artery occlusion,SAO)脑卒中104例.选取MMP-3基因rs3025058(-11715A/6A),rs522616(-709A/G)及rs679620(133A/G)3个常见单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)位点,应用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性或直接测序法对MMP-3基因3个SNP位点进行基因分型.结果 3个位点存在不完全连锁不平衡,且基因多态性均与LAA型脑卒中相关(P＜0.05).在显性模型中,rs3025058位点5A5A+5A6A基因型携带者患LAA型脑卒中的风险是6A6A基因型携带者的1.72倍(P=0.017,OR=1.72,95％CI:1.10～2.69);rs522616位点GG+ AG基因型携带者患LAA型脑卒中的风险是AA基因型携带者的0.52倍(P=0.005,OR=0.52,95％CI:0.33～0.82);rs679620位点AA+ GA基因型携带者患LAA型脑卒中的风险是AA基因型携带者的1.55倍(P=0.042,OR=1.55,95％CI:1.01～2.37).但是,3个SNPs基因型和等位基因频率在对照组与SAO型脑卒中之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).另外,LAA组5A-A-A及6A-A-A单倍型高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而6A-G-G单倍型显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 MMP-3血清水平在LAA型脑卒中急性期增高明显,SAO型脑卒中次之;中国北方汉族人群MMP-3基因rs3025058,rs522616及rs679620多态性可能与LAA型脑卒中易感性相关.     

内皮固有型一氧化氮合酶基因单核苷酸多态性与冠心病的相关性研究

探讨内皮固有型一氧化氮合酶(ecNOS)基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与冠心病(CAD)的相关性.提取107例CAD患者和132名健康对照者外周血有核细胞DNA,应用荧光标记单碱基延伸分型技术及寡核苷酸微阵列芯片杂交技术检测ecNOS基因的2个标签SNP(tag SNP)rs7830和rs3918188.结果发现CAD组rs7830的CC基因型频率和C等位基因频率明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.05).两组rs3918188的基因型频率及等位基因频率无统计学差异(P＞0.05).通过对2个SNP进行单倍型分析发现,CAD组和健康对照组的单倍型频率具有统计学差异(P<0.05).结果提示ecNOS基因 rs7830多态性变异及由rs7830和rs3918188构建的CA、AA单倍型是CAD的遗传危险因素.     

E-钙黏蛋白基因多态性与上皮性卵巢癌发病风险关系的研究

目的 探讨E-钙黏蛋白基因(E-cadherin gene,CDH1)单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SN-P)与上皮性卵巢癌发病风险的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法分析207例上皮性卵巢癌患者和256名健康对照的CDH1基因启动子区-160C/A、-347G/GA和3′UTR+54C/T3个SNP位点基因型频率分布;采用免疫组织化学方法检测携带3′UTR+54C/T SNP位点不同基因型的卵巢癌患者癌组织CDH1基因的表达情况.结果 CDH1基因-160C/A和-347G/GA 2个SNP位点的基因型和等位基因频率分布在患者组与健康对照组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3′UTR+54C/T SNP 位点的基因型与等位基因频率分布在患者与健康对照组间差异有统计学意义,患者组中CC基因型和C等位基因频率(65.2%,89.1%)明显高于对照组(52.7%,64.5%)(P＜0.01);CC基因型可能显著增加上皮性卵巢癌的发病风险(比值比为1.85,95%可信区间为1.27～2.69);且免疫组化研究表明CC基因型患者癌组织CDH1基因的表达明显低于T等位基因(CT+TT)携带者(P＜0.05).采用2LD软件分析显示-160C/A、-347G/GA两位点间存在连锁不平衡(D′=0.999 582),-160A/-347GA单倍型仅在患者组中检测到(5.1%),-160C/-347GA单倍型可能明显降低卵巢癌的发病风险(比值比为0.66,95%可信区间为0.45～0.96).结论 CDH1基因-160C/A、-347G/GA SNP可能与上皮性卵巢癌的发病风险无关,但两位点的单倍型可能改变上皮性卵巢癌的发病风险.3′UTR+54C/T多态CC基因型可能成为上皮性卵巢癌发病的潜在危险因素.     

643例中国北方汉族急性淋巴细胞白血病患者人类白细胞抗原连锁不平衡分析

目的 分析643例中国北方汉族急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)患者组和20359名健康对照组的人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)HLA-A-B、B-DR和AB-DR单倍型频率及连锁不平衡分布差异.方法 应用最大似然性算法(expectation-maximization,EM)计算患者组和对照组的HLA-A-B、B-DRB1和A-B-DRB1单倍型频率及连锁不平衡参数,采用X2检验比较其分布差异.结果 HLA-A30-B13、A2-B46、A33-B58,B13-DR7、B46-DR9、B52-DR15、B58-DR17,A30-B13-DR7、A33-B58-DR17和A1-B37-DR10单倍型是两组常见、共有呈强连锁不平衡单倍型.A30-B13、A2-B46、A33-B44、B13-DR7、A30-B13-DR7和A2-1346-DR9的单倍型频率和连锁不平衡水平,患者组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(X2＞3.84,P＜0.05).A2-B52、A2-B27、A24-B8,B60-DR9、B27-DR4、B52-DR14、B44-DR17、B27-DR12、和A11-B27-DR12的单倍型频率和连锁不平衡水平,患者组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(X2＞3.84,P＜0.05).结论 643例北方汉族ALL患者组HLA-A-B、B-DRB1、A-B-DRB1单倍型频率分布及连锁不平衡遗传特征和对照组具有高度的同源性.患者组与对照组之间的部分HLA单倍型频率及连锁不平衡分布存在统计学差异.本研究结果 为ALL与HLA疾病相关性及HLA相合供者的寻找提供了基础数据.     

内皮素-1对COPD炎症和氧化应激反应的影响

目的:研究内皮素-1对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)炎症和氧化应激反应的影响。方法:收集健康不吸烟者(30例)、健康吸烟者(30例)和COPD患者(29例)并诱导其产生痰液,检测内皮素-1在诱导痰中的浓度。采用香烟烟雾提取物刺激SD大鼠,构建肺气肿模型,采用内皮素A受体拮抗剂BQ123和非选择性内皮素受体拮抗剂波生坦进行干预,实验分为对照组、香烟烟雾干预组、选择性内皮素受体拮抗组和非选择性内皮素受体拮抗组。采用Western blot法测定肺组织中cleaved caspase-3的蛋白水平;明胶酶谱法检测肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)的活性;ELISA法检测肺组织上清液中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的浓度;采用生物抗氧化能力(BAP)检测试剂盒检测血清中BAP。结果:内皮素-1在健康吸烟者和COPD患者诱导痰中的浓度显著高于健康不吸烟者(P0.05);COPD患者诱导痰中内皮素-1的浓度高于健康吸烟者(P0.05)。香烟烟雾干预组肺组织中cleaved caspase-3蛋白水平、MMP-2和MMP-9的活性及上清液中TNF-α和IL-1β的含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);内皮素A受体拮抗剂能显著抑制肺组织中cleaved caspase-3蛋白水平、MMP-2和MMP-9的活性及上清液中TNF-α和IL-1β的含量(P0.05)。香烟烟雾干预组血清中的BAP较对照组显著降低(P0.05);内皮素A受体拮抗剂能显著增加血清中的BAP(P0.05)。结论:内皮素-1可能通过调节细胞凋亡、基质金属蛋白酶活性、炎症以及氧化应激反应在COPD发生发展中发挥重要作用。     

Analyses of the mitochondrial mutations in the Chinese patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leading to mitochondrial dysfunction can cause a variety of chronic diseases in central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of mtDNA mutations in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) has still been unknown. In this study, we comparatively analyzed complete mtDNA sequences of 31 Chinese sCJD patients and 32 controls. Using MITOMASTER and PhyloTree, we characterized 520 variants in sCJD patients and 507 variants in control by haplogroup and allele frequencies. We classified the mtDNAs into 40 sub-haplogroups of 5 haplogroups, most of them being Asian-specific haplogroups. Haplogroup U, an European-specific haplogroups mtDNA, was found only in sCJD. The analysis to control region (CR) revealed a 31% increase in the frequency of mtDNA CR mutations in sCJD versus controls. In functional elements of the mtDNA CR, six CR mutations were in conserved sequence blocks I (CSBI) in sCJD, while only one in control (P<0.05). More mutants in transfer ribonucleic acid-Leu (tRNA-Leu) were detected in sCJD. The frequencies of two synonymous amino-acid changes, m.11467A>G, p.(=) in NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and m.12372G>A, p.(=) in NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5), in sCJD patients were higher than that of controls. Our study, for the first time, screened the variations of mtDNA of Chinese sCJD patients and identified some potential disease-related mutations for further investigations.     

Phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup F2 in China reveals T12338C in the initiation codon of the ND5 gene not to be pathogenic

In this report, we studied on a homoplasmic T12338C change in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which substituted methionine in the translational initiation codon of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene (ND5) with threonine. This nucleotide change was originally identified in two mtDNAs belonging to haplogroup F2 by our previous complete sequencing of 48 mtDNAs. Since then, a total of 76 F2 mtDNAs have been identified by the variations occurring in the hypervariable segments and coding regions among more than 3,000 individuals across China. As the T12338C change was detected in 32 samples representing various sub-clades of the F2 haplogroup while not in 14 non-F2 controls, we believe that the T12338C change is specific to the F2 haplogroup. As F2 and its sub-clades were widely distributed in normal individuals of various Chinese populations, we conclude that T12338C is not pathogenic. In addition, based on the average distribution frequency, haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of haplogroup F2 in the populations across China, the T12338C nucleotide substitution seems to have been occurred in north China about 42,000 years ago. Our results provided a good paradigm for distinguishing a polymorphic change from a pathogenic mutation based on mtDNA phylogeny.Accession numbers and URLs for the sequence data of mtDNA control region (including HVS-I and HVS-II) of F2 types in this article are as follows: GenBank, (accession numbers: AY522667–AY522718).     

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup R predicts survival advantage in severe sepsis in the Han population

PurposeTo determine whether the main mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups of the Han people have an impact on long-term clinical outcome.MethodsWe prospectively studied 181 individuals who were sequentially admitted to the intensive care unit. Demographic and clinical data were recorded along with clinical outcome over 180 days. Follow-up was completed for all study participants. We then determined the mtDNA haplogroups of the patients and 570 healthy, age-matched Han people from Zhejiang province, Southeast China, by analyzing sequences of hypervariable mtDNA segments and testing diagnostic polymorphisms in the mtDNA coding region with DNA probes.ResultThe frequency of the main subhaplogroups of the Han population in the study cohort did not differ significantly from the control group. mtDNA haplogroup R, one of the three main mtDNA haplogroups of the Han people, was a strong independent predictor for the outcome of severe sepsis, conferring a 4.68-fold (95% CI 1.903–10.844, P = 0.001) increased chance of survival at 180 days compared with those without the haplogroup R.ConclusionIn the Han population, mtDNA haplogroup R was a strong independent predictor for the outcome of severe sepsis, conferring an increased chance of long-term survival compared with individuals without the R haplogroup.     

Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA haplogroup TJ in a Finnish population

An association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations 11778G>A and 14484T>C and mtDNA haplogroup J suggests that this haplogroup harbors substitutions capable of modifying the phenotype of Leber's disease. Our knowledge of the compilation of substitutions in haplogroup J is based on only a small number of complete mtDNA sequences, however. We constructed phylogenetic networks for mtDNA haplogroup TJ that were based on the sequence of the complete coding region and the hypervariable segment I, respectively, in 28 Finnish samples. The networks revealed a subdivision of the haplogroup into subclusters T1, T2, J1, and J2, while comparison of the two networks suggested nine fast evolving nucleotide sites in the hypervariable segment I. Genotypes of patients harboring 11778G>A or 14484T>C were obtained from the literature and were then placed in the network. Only four substitutions were found to be common to the patients, but none of these was unique to haplogroup J. If increased penetrance of the 11778G>A and 14484T>C mutations in patients belonging to haplogroup J is assumed, combinations of ancient substitutions must be implicated. Received: September 29, 2000 / Accepted: November 10, 2000     

气道内高压力促进3种气道重塑相关因子的表达

目的探讨机械通气情况下气道内不同压力水平对气道重塑相关因子表达的影响。方法手术室经全麻行机械通气的42例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)作为COPD组和33例无基础肺疾病患者作为对照组。机械通气根据吸气峰压(PIP)水平又分为高、中、低压力组(分别为24、22和20 cm H_2O),呼气末正压均为5 cm H_2O。机械通气前及3 h后收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)。酶联免疫吸附法和Western blot法检测BALF中气道重塑相关因子成纤维生长因子2(FGF-2)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)蛋白表达水平。结果 1)机械通气前COPD组BALF中的FGF-2、TGF-β1和MMP-9蛋白水平明显高于对照组(P0.01)。2)机械通气后对照组在高压力刺激下FGF-2、TGF-β1和MMP-9表达水平升高(P0.05);而COPD组压力刺激下上述3种蛋白表达升高更明显(P0.05),且高压力组中及低压力组(P0.05)。3)相关性分析显示,COPD组BALF中FGF-2、TGF-β1、MMP-9表达水平与气道压力成正相关(P0.01)。结论机械通气时气道内的持续高压力可能通过作用于气道上皮细胞内压力敏感通道进而提高气道重塑因子FGF-2、TGF-β1、MMP-9的表达水平,COPD患者尤为显著。     

豚鼠线粒体DNA4568缺失与老年性聋的关系

目的 探讨豚鼠听觉器官中线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA)4568缺失与老年性聋的关系.方法 将44只豚鼠分为两组A组青年豚鼠22只;B组老年豚鼠22只.再将B组分为B1组(老年听力正常组6只)和B2组(老年聋组16只).应用听觉脑干反应(auditory brainstem response, ABR)测试豚鼠听力阈值,以左耳听阈为评判标准,并提取耳蜗螺旋器、听神经、大脑颞叶组织和外周血中的DNA,采用PCR技术检测mtDNA4568大片段缺失的情况,并与耳聋程度作比较. 结果 老年聋组(B2)豚鼠的ABR平均听阈值为(57.33±4.65)dBSPL,明显高于老年听力正常组B1[(23.00±1.43)dBSPL]和青年组[A组(15.90±1.05)dBSPL];老年组不同器官组织中mtDNA4568缺失率均明显高于青年组;老年聋组耳蜗螺旋器组织和听神经组织中mtDNA4568缺失率明显高于老年听力正常组;而大脑颞叶组织mtDNA4568缺失率在两组间差异无统计学意义;血液中仅极少数存在mtDNA缺失,未纳入统计分析.结论 豚鼠mtDNA4568缺失的发生与老龄有关;与听觉有关的耳蜗螺旋器组织和听神经组织中mtDNA4568缺失与老年性聋有关;大脑颞叶组织和外周血中mtDNA4568缺失与老年性聋的关系尚待进一步研究.     

Association between mitochondrial DNA haplogroup and myelodysplastic syndromes

Polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are used to group individuals into haplogroups reflecting human global migration and are associated with multiple diseases, including cancer. Here, we evaluate the association between mtDNA haplogroup and risk of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Cases were identified by the Minnesota Cancer Surveillance System. Controls were identified through the Minnesota State driver's license/identification card list. Because haplogroup frequencies vary by race and ethnicity, we restricted analyses to non‐Hispanic whites. We genotyped 15 mtSNPs that capture common European mitochondrial haplogroup variation. We used SAS v.9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) overall and stratified by MDS subtype and IPSS‐R risk category. We were able to classify 215 cases with confirmed MDS and 522 controls into one of the 11 common European haplogroups. Due to small sample sizes in some subgroups, we combined mt haplogroups into larger bins based on the haplogroup evolutionary tree, including HV (H + V), JT (J + T), IWX (I + W + X), UK (U + K), and Z for comparisons of cases and controls. Using haplogroup HV as the reference group, we found a statistically significant association between haplogroup JT and MDS (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.36, 0.92, P = 0.02). No statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in subgroup analyses. In this population‐based study of MDS, we observed an association between mtDNA haplogroup JT and risk of MDS. While previously published studies provide biological plausibility for the observed association, further studies of the relationship between mtDNA variation and MDS are warranted in larger sample sizes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

COPD患者血清ANP、BNP和CNP测定及其临床意义

目的：探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者血清心钠素（ANP）、脑钠肽（BNP）、C型钠尿肽（CNP）水平的变化及其临床意义。方法：采用放射免疫分析79例COPD患者和36例健康对照组血清ANP、BNP和CNP水平,并进行统计分析。结果：COPD组血清ANP、BNP和CNP水平显著地高于健康对照组（t=3.6841,P〈0.01;t=11.70,P〈0.01;t=2.177,P〈0.05）,但Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级组间血清ANP、BNP和CNP水平方差检验无显著性意义（F=2.123、F=1.515、F=0.165,P均〉0.05）。相互间相关性分析揭示：ANP、BNP和CNP三者间均呈显著正相关（r=0.369,P〈0.01;r=0.354,P〈0.01;r=0.426,P〈0.01）。住院期间死亡的患者血清ANP、BNP和CNP水平显著地高于好转出院的患者（t=5.149,P〈0.01;t=4.875,P〈0.01;t=2.830,P〈0.01）。结论：COPD患者血清ANP、BNP和CNP显著升高,且与病人的稳定情况、肺动脉压力及预后相关。     

D-二聚体、NT-proBNP对慢性阻塞性肺疾病并肺动脉高压的诊断价值

目的 分析血浆D-二聚体(DD)及N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并肺动脉高压(PH)的诊断价值.方法 选择自2013年1月至2016年1月我院呼吸内科住院并确诊为COPD的500名患者,根据有无合并PH分为PH组(n=236)和非PH组(n=264),并对COPD并PH的相关危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,利用ROC曲线分析相关指标的诊断价值.结果 ①单因素分析示,PH组和非PH组两组间DD(t=9.912,P<0.05)、NT-proBNP(t=5.592,P<0.05)、LDH(t=7.592,P<0.05)、HCO3-(t=6.471,P<0.05)、PO2(t=5.461,P<0.05)、PCO2(t=6.618,P<0.05)、年龄>65岁(χ2=10.307,P<0.05)、慢性心功能不全(χ2=8.307,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义;②多因素Logistic回归分析示,DD、NT-proBNP、HCO3-、慢性心功能不全是COPD并PH的独立危险因素(P<0.05);③ROC曲线示,DD曲线下面积为0.830,最佳阈值为2.18mg/L,灵敏度为0.816,特异性为0.712;NT-proBNP曲线下面积为0.794,最佳阈值为3225ng/L,灵敏度为0.820,特异性为0.782.结论 联合DD及NT-proBNP水平对COPD并PH具有较高的诊断价值.