放射性锶的阻吸收药物研究

木文研充了大鼠经胃肠道摄入⁸⁵Sr后应用硫酸钡、海藻酸钠.磷酸铝和氢氧化铝等对⁸⁵Sr的阻吸收效果,观察到除硫酸钡无效外,其余三药均有效.本文还比较了不同品种海藻酸钠及海藻酸钠、磷酸铝和氢氧化铝的不同剂量与疗效的关系,结果认为氢氧化铝凝胶优于其它几种药物.阻吸收药(氢氧化铝凝胶和海藻酸钠)合用促排药物S₁₈₆未见排出量进一步提高.在应用氢氧化铝凝胶后,不同时间(立即、延缓1和24小时)合用S₁₈₆,未见大鼠⁸⁵Sr排出量和体内蓄积量的改变.因此。建议氢氧化铝聚胶可作为放射性锶阻吸收的"应急药物",应予推广.     

基于蒙特卡罗模拟的9 C重离子衰变产物对细胞损伤的分析

目的 探究⁹C重离子治疗中因自身衰变产生的缓发粒子对细胞产生的辐射损伤和在单个V79中国仓鼠肺细胞模型上的微观剂量以及引起的生物学效应。方法 采用蒙特卡罗程序模拟多种能量(3~10 MeV)α粒子在细胞(细胞半径R_C=10 μm,细胞核半径R_N=5 μm)中的输运后细胞核内吸收剂量结果,并与医学内照射剂量(MIRD)方法S值(S_N←N,S_N←Cy,S_N←CS)进行比较,证明该方法的可行性,最后使用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算⁹C重离子分别在V79细胞模型表面、细胞质内以及细胞核3种位置处衰变生成的缓发粒子(α粒子和质子)在靶中输运能量沉积情况及细胞生存率。结果 蒙特卡罗模拟结果与MIRD方法S值进行比较,靶源组合从细胞核到细胞核S_N←N值的差异为1.91%~4.95%,细胞质到细胞核S_N←Cy为1.48%~5.11%,细胞表面到细胞核S_N←CS差异为-1.99%~0.80%,证明蒙特卡罗计算值与MIRD方法S值吻合较好(差异值均< 6%)。当一个⁹C离子在V79细胞模型表面衰变产生次级粒子进入细胞,细胞核内平均吸收剂量为10^-2Gy数量级,计算细胞生存率约为88%;衰变在细胞质中进行,计算细胞生存率约为80%;当碳离子直接进入细胞核中衰变,α粒子射程短并将大部分能量沉积在细胞中(细胞核内平均剂量0.1 Gy数量级),造成细胞损伤较大,细胞存活的概率约为53%。结论 ⁹C离子自身衰变发射次级带电粒子,其中α粒子进入细胞核时对细胞造成的损伤较大,生物学效应明显。     

喹胺酸和LICAM(C)对大鼠体内238Pu和241Am的促排效果比较

喹胺酸(Quinamic acid, QAA, 811)是一种异哇啉类络合剂, 对钍有较好的促排效果。本文主要研究大鼠静脉注入(iv)²³⁸Pu和²⁴¹Am各26kBq/kg后1小时, 经皮下注入(so)不同剂量.(1～30μmol/kg)QAA, 或静脉注入核素后立即灌胃(po)QAA(30μmol/kg)对²³⁸Pu、²⁴¹Am的促排疗效, 并与LICAM(C)相比较。实验观察到QAA对降低骨肝中²³⁸Pu、²⁴¹Am的蓄积量有较好的作用, QAA对²³⁸Pu的促排效果高于对²⁴¹Am.在剂量(1～30μgmol/kg)对肝、肾中²³⁸Pu和骨、肾中²⁴¹Am蓄积量的降低, QAA优于LICAM(C)；灌胃QAA(30μttmol/kg)伍用NaHCO₃(5mmol/kg的)疗效, 对骨、肝中²³⁸Pu蓄积量的降低, QAA和LICAM(C)二间无差异(P>0.05), 但对²³⁸Pu在肾中蓄积量和对²⁴¹Am在骨, 肾中蓄积量的降低, QAA明显优于LICAM(C)。     

DTPA和喹胺酸对小鼠的致畸作用

DTPA-CaNa₃ (促排灵-235)、DTPA-ZnNa₃(新促排灵)和喹胺酸为放射性核素内污染的促排药物。三药对小鼠致畸作用试验中观察到,DTPA-ZnNa₃在人常用剂量100倍和200倍(人常用剂量以1 g/50kg计算)时耒生现对胎鼠的影响,而DTpA-CaNa₃、喹胺酸在20倍剂量时对胎鼠已见一些影响,引起活胎率下降、胚胎吸收数增加。所以核素中毒后进行促排治疗时对怀孕妇女应慎用DTPA-CaNa₃和喹胺酸,以采用低毒*每DTPA-ZnNa₃治疗较为安全稳妥。     

239PuO2在大鼠呼吸道中的沉积与廓清规律的观察

为了阐明PuO₂在大鼠呼吸道中沉积与廓清规律,提出肺及肺门淋巴结(TLN)剂量计算公式,供有关的剂量一效应研究参考。使160只大鼠吸入²³⁹PuO₂气溶胶(AMAD:1.4μm:og=1.8),然后于378天内分期分批活杀,测定肺、TLN、股骨的²³⁹Pu量。结果表明,PuO₂在大鼠肺泡中：的初始沉积率为24.9±7.2%.肺中PuO₂2的廓清规律呈二项指数函数,其80%和20%分别以122.7和373天的有效半排期廓清。随着肺中钚含量的不断减少,TLN中钚的蓄积量不断增加,两者呈一定的函数关系。从而推导出肺和TLN剂量计算公式。骨中含钚量很少。本文还斌肺中PuO₂向TLN转移的问雹进行了讨论。     

"811"促排可溶性Ⅵ价铀的实验研究(Ⅱ)(与NaHCO3的比较)

用鲢康成年大鼠做实验,以比较"811"与NaHCO₃促排铀(Ⅵ)妁效果,磷酸铀酰经腹腔注入,每鼠2.3mgq铀.给铀后.每鼠立即肌注0.1毫克分子"811"或1.2毫克分子NaHCO₃.对照组注射生理盐水,收集24小时尿样,以荧光法分析尿铀含量.结果表明:(1)"811"促排铀比NaHCO₃更有效:(2)注射"811"的大鼠,死亡率显著低于注射NaHCO₃的大鼠;(3)尸体解剖时所作的大体观察表明,"811"治疗的大鼠,肾脏改变比NaHCO₃治疗的大鼠显著小.     

深圳特区土壤和建筑材料中的放射性水平

应用200只天鼠研究了²⁴¹Am内污染时四种络合剂(Ca-DTPA, Zn-DTPA,嗤胺酸钠盐和H-73-IO)钓促排效果.实验目的是为²⁴¹Am内污染治疗确定首先促排药物及制定最佳促排方案.实验结果表明:在四种结合剂中Ca-DTPA和Zn-DTPA促排效果为最佳,能使骨²⁴¹Am含量降低到对照组的10%,肝²⁴¹Am含量降低到对照组的5%左右.喹胺酸钠盐在降低骨、肝²⁴¹Am含量方面也有效(统计上与DTPA无显著差别),但能导致肾脏²⁴¹Am蓄积,甚至略高于对照组.H-73-10虽有-些效果,但远不及DTPA.     

四种络合剂对241Am促排效果的比较

应用200只天鼠研究了²⁴¹Am内污染时四种络合剂(Ca-DTPA, Zn-DTPA,嗤胺酸钠盐和H-73-IO)钓促排效果.实验目的是为²⁴¹Am内污染治疗确定首先促排药物及制定最佳促排方案.实验结果表明:在四种结合剂中Ca-DTPA和Zn-DTPA促排效果为最佳,能使骨²⁴¹Am含量降低到对照组的10%,肝²⁴¹Am含量降低到对照组的5%左右.喹胺酸钠盐在降低骨、肝²⁴¹Am含量方面也有效(统计上与DTPA无显著差别),但能导致肾脏²⁴¹Am蓄积,甚至略高于对照组.H-73-10虽有-些效果,但远不及DTPA.     

阴离子交换树脂除210Bi技术在90Sr分析中的应用

目的 为了克服现有分析标准推荐的硫化铋沉淀法除铋存在的弊端,提升分析结果质量。方法 基于201×7阴离子交换树脂设计了除铋实验流程,并通过加标样品和国际原子能机构（IAEA）国际比对样品分析予以验证。结果 采用阴离子交换树脂进行除铋。在锶、钇、铋去除实验中,锶和钇的化学回收率可分别达到（98.6±0.8）%和（98.5±0.7）%,且未发现有Bi₂S₃沉淀生成;在加标土壤分析中,所得到的分析结果与理论值的相对标准偏差为-2.97%~5.94%,优于标准除铋方法的3.96%~17.80%;采用IAEA国际比对样品进行验证,⁹⁰Sr的报出值与目标值的相对标准偏差介于3.40%~7.09%,结果均可接受。结论 阴离子交换树脂对铋能够实现很好的定量去除,同时不吸附锶和钇。另外,阴离子交换树脂的除铋溶液体系与⁹⁰Sr分析时的解吸体系相同,无需转换体系即可实现快速除铋的目的。与现行标准分析方法相比,基于阴离子交换树脂定量除铋是可行的且更优,能够满足⁹⁰Sr常规分析工作需求。     

吸入239PuO2致癌危险度实验中的剂量计算

钚在肺中的初始沉积量,钚在呼吸道的代谢规律以及靶器官质量是吸入²³⁹PuO₂致癌危险度实验研究中器官剂量计算的三要素。本文作者提出了大鼠暇入²³⁹PuO₂后肺、肺门淋巴结剂量计算公式 。此公式因考虑到靶器官质量变化规律, 优于国外算法,使器官剂量估算更合理。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).