金甲王颗粒对吗啡依赖猴和大鼠戒断症状的抑制作用

目的 :观察中药金甲王颗粒对吗啡依赖猴和大鼠戒断症状的抑制作用。方法 :采用吗啡依赖大鼠纳洛酮催促戒断、自然戒断模型以及吗啡依赖猴模型 ,观察金甲王颗粒对戒断症状的抑制作用。结果 :(1) 3个剂量的金甲王颗粒 (3 5 4、7 0 3和 14 0 7g生药·kg- 1 )均可显著降低吗啡依赖大鼠的催促戒断症状分值 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )金甲王颗粒治疗组在大鼠自然戒断后期的体重恢复优于吗啡依赖组 ,3 5 4g生药·kg- 1 剂量的金甲王颗粒组大鼠体重下降百分率低于吗啡依赖组 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;(3)在猴自然戒断治疗实验中 ,金甲王颗粒 3个剂量 (3 2 4、6 4 7、12 94g生药·kg- 1 )均能明显抑制吗啡依赖性猴的戒断症状 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,金甲王颗粒中、大剂量组可明显抑制猴戒断后的体重下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但对体温下降的抑制作用不明显 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :金甲王颗粒能改善吗啡依赖性动物催促戒断和自然戒断后所产生的戒断症状。     

延生口服液对吗啡依赖性大鼠的脱毒治疗作用

目的:评价延生口服液对吗啡依赖性大鼠模型脱毒治疗作用.方法:采用剂量递增法皮下注射吗啡14d和30d,分别建立大鼠吗啡依赖模型,观察延生口服液大、中、小3个剂量对纳洛酮催促和自然戒断的吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及体重的影响.结果:延生口服液能显著减轻吗啡依赖大鼠ip纳洛酮引起的催促戒断症状(P＜0.05)和体重下降(P＜0.01),不能明显抑制自然戒断大鼠体重下降(P＞0.05).结论:延生口服液对吗啡依赖性大鼠戒断后所产生的戒断综合征具有明显的脱毒治疗作用.     

定志丹对吗啡依赖大、小鼠戒断症状的控制作用

目的 :观察及评价中药制剂定志丹对吗啡依赖小鼠、大鼠催促戒断症状的控制作用。方法 :按文献采用剂量递增法建立吗啡依赖小鼠、大鼠模型。末次注射吗啡后 ,给大、小鼠ig不同剂量的定志丹 ,给药后大、小鼠分别在4 0min和 30minip纳洛酮进行催促戒断 ,记录戒断症状及体重变化。实验设立了生理盐水和可乐定对照组 ;大鼠还设立了吗啡组。结果 :定志丹 10 - 2 0g·kg- 1 能显著减少吗啡依赖小鼠经纳洛酮催促出现的跳跃反应的次数 ,抑制率 39.6 % - 6 7.9% ,跳跃反应后空白对照组小鼠的体重明显减轻 (P <0 .0 1) ,而定志丹各剂量组试验前后的体重均无显著性差异 ,(P >0 .0 5 )。与空白对照组比较 ,定志丹 10 - 2 0g·kg- 1 使吗啡依赖大鼠的催促戒断症状分值明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,定志丹 2 0g·kg- 1 使各种症状发生的总次数减少 35 .3%。与空白对照组比较 ,阳性对照药可乐定组的跳跃反应潜伏时间明显延长 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而定志丹各剂量组的跳跃反应潜伏时间虽有一定延长 ,但无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :定志丹对吗啡依赖小鼠、大鼠催促戒断症状有明显的抑制作用 ,对吗啡依赖动物的体重下降有显著的缓解作用     

正通宁与可乐定对阿片类戒断症状的实验研究

目的　比较正通宁和可乐定对动物阿片类戒断症状的抑制作用。方法　以吗啡依赖性和海洛因依赖性小鼠和大鼠的催促戒断模型、猴自然戒断模型 ,给予不同剂量正通宁片和可乐定 7d ,观察结果。结果　①正通宁 2个剂量 (0 75、1 5 g/kg)能显著减轻吗啡和海洛因依赖性小鼠在纳洛酮催促下引起的跳跃反应和体重丧失 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ;②正通宁 2个剂量 (0 75、0 5 g/kg)能显著抑制吗啡和海洛因依赖性大鼠在纳洛酮催促下引起的戒断症状和体重下降 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。③在吗啡依赖性猴模型上 ,正通宁 3个剂量 (0 2、0 6、1 0 g/kg)给灌胃每天 3次 ,连续 7d ,均能不同程度地抑制吗啡依赖性猴的戒断症状 ,其中以高剂量组的效果最好。在停吗啡后的头 3d ,高剂量组猴的戒断症状得到了明显的控制 ,戒断症状分低于NS组 ,7d戒断总平均分明显低于NS组 ,统计学处理差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ,疗效似比可乐定好。结论　正通宁对阿片类依赖动物戒断症状的脱毒治疗效果肯定 ,效能优于可乐定     

卡马西平对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及ACTH的影响

目的 :观察卡马西平 (Carb)对吗啡依赖大鼠纳洛酮催促戒断症状的抑制作用及血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平的影响。方法 :剂量递增法皮下注射 (sc)盐酸吗啡 (Mor) ,建立大鼠吗啡依赖模型 ,腹腔注射 (ip)盐酸纳洛酮 1mg·kg- 1 催促 ,观察戒断反应并评分 ;免疫发光法测定血清ACTH水平。结果 :Carb 10 0mg·kg- 1 及 2 0 0mg·kg- 1 均可明显减轻大鼠戒断症状 (P <0 0 5 )。 10 0mg·kg- 1 剂量组的ACTH水平接近正常 ,低于Carb 2 0 0mg·kg- 1 组(P <0 0 5 )。结论 :适当剂量的卡马西平可有效控制吗啡依赖大鼠的戒断症状     

三氟拉嗪抑制吗啡依赖大、小鼠纳洛酮催促的戒断症状

目的　研究三氟拉嗪对吗啡依赖大、小鼠纳洛酮催促戒断症状的影响 ,并探讨其机制。方法　吗啡依赖大、小鼠纳洛酮催促实验。结果　三氟拉嗪 (2～ 2 0mg·kg-1)呈剂量依赖性抑制吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮催促所致的跳跃、湿狗样抖动、前爪震颤和体重下降。三氟拉嗪 5～ 2 0mg·kg-1ip ,对吗啡依赖大鼠大部分纳洛酮催促的阳性戒断症状均具有明显的抑制作用 ,其中包括跳跃、湿狗样抖动、排泄物、体重下降、咬牙、流涎、腹泻、上睑下垂、激惹。作为DA1/DA2 受体激动剂 ,阿朴吗啡 (2～ 8mg·kg-1)对三氟拉嗪抑制吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮催促戒断症状无明显影响 ,而钙通道阻滞剂硝苯吡啶 (5～ 2 0mg·kg-1)则呈剂量依赖性加强三氟拉嗪对吗啡依赖小鼠纳洛酮催促戒断症状的抑制作用。结论　三氟拉嗪对吗啡依赖大、小鼠纳洛酮催促的戒断症状具有明显的抑制作用。对受体后钙调素生物活性的抑制作用可能是三氟拉嗪抗吗啡依赖大、小鼠躯体戒断症状主要机制 ,而中枢神经系统DA2 受体可能不参与三氟拉嗪对吗啡躯体戒断症状的抑制作用     

回生丸的脱毒药效学评价

目的:评价回生丸的脱毒药效学。方法:采用剂量递增法建立吗啡依赖大鼠催促戒断模型、吗啡依赖大鼠自然戒断模型以及吗啡依赖猴自然戒断模型,然后给予回生丸进行治疗。结果:回生丸2·88、5·76g·kg-1两个剂量可显著降低吗啡依赖大鼠催促戒断症状的分值(P<0·05),但对体重下降的抑制不明显(P>0·05);回生丸和可乐定均不能控制吗啡依赖大鼠自然戒断的体重下降(P>0·05);回生丸3·2、6·4g·kg-1两个剂量均能在不同程度上控制吗啡依赖猴自然戒断的戒断症状,抑制体重下降(P<0·05或P<0·01)。结论:回生丸对吗啡依赖动物的戒断反应表现出明显的抑制作用。     

清风胶囊对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状治疗作用的研究

目的：本实验通过制作吗啡依赖的大鼠催促戒断、自然戒断的动物模型,观察清风胶囊对吗啡依赖大鼠催促戒断、自然戒断症状的治疗作用。方法：通过复制吗啡依赖大鼠催促戒断和自然戒断模型,评价中药制剂清风胶囊对动物吗啡戒断症状的抑制作用,并与阳性药可乐定进行比较。结果：在大鼠催促戒断模型上,清风胶囊三个剂量组（0．5,1．0,2．0g／kg）ig给药均能部分控制戒断症状,并能有效抑制大鼠的体重下降。在吗啡依赖大鼠自然戒断模型上,清风胶囊中、高两个剂量组（1．0,2．0g／kg）控制体重下降作用均优于可乐定。清风胶囊中、高剂量组能明显控制吗啡依赖大鼠的自然戒断症状,与模型组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：清风胶囊对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状有肯定的脱毒治疗效果。     

复方瑞康欣对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状和单胺类神经递质的影响

目的:观察复方瑞康欣对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状、脑干和脊髓单胺类神经递质的影响。方法:SD大鼠按剂量递增法皮下注射(sc)吗啡建立大鼠吗啡依赖模型。用复方瑞康欣灌胃(ig)5 d后经纳洛酮催瘾,观察戒断症状、脑干和脊髓NA,DA,5-HT和5-HIAA含量的变化。结果:复方瑞康欣能降低纳洛酮催促产生的戒断症状的评分值(P<0.01),能抑制吗啡依赖大鼠戒断后的体重丢失(P<0.05);降低脑干DA,NA,5-HT及5-HIAA的浓度(P<0.05),而对脊髓单胺类神经递质水平几乎无影响(P>0.05)。结论:复方瑞康欣对吗啡依赖大鼠具有一定治疗作用,能缓解纳洛酮催促产生的戒断症状。     

新合成的生长抑素SOMa对吗啡依赖大鼠的影响

目的 :研究自行设计、合成的生长抑素类似物 (SOMa)对吗啡依赖大鼠的影响。方法 :建立大鼠吗啡依赖模型和SOMa模型 ;观察SOMa对大鼠吗啡依赖和吗啡依赖大鼠纳洛酮催促戒断症状的影响及SOMa自身的躯体依赖性。结果 :SOMa能明显降低吗啡依赖大鼠纳洛酮催促戒断症状 ,减轻甚至阻断大鼠吗啡依赖形成 ;大鼠连续使用SOMa 2 1d后纳洛酮催促戒断 ,无明显戒断症状发生。结论 :SOMa具有明显的抑制纳洛酮催促的吗啡依赖戒断反应 ,可降低大鼠对吗啡的依赖性 ;SOMa不产生躯体依赖性。SOMa可作为生物源性的有效脱毒药物进一步研究。     

新生颗粒的药效学实验研究

目的:观察及评价新生颗粒的主要药效。方法:采用化学刺激镇痛实验研究新生颗粒的镇痛作用;采用排便实验研究新生颗粒对硫酸阿托品致胃肠麻痹模型的胃肠运动作用;戊巴比妥钠阈剂量实验研究新生颗粒的催眠作用;吗啡依赖自然戒断实验研究新生颗粒对吗啡依赖大鼠自然戒断后体重下降的影响。结果:新生颗粒中、高剂量组对化学刺激所致疼痛具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01),尤以高剂量组作用明显(P<0.001);新生颗粒中剂量组、高剂量组可显著地延长阈剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠睡眠时间(P<0.001);对抗阿托品引起的胃肠平滑肌蠕动减慢所致的排便时间延长、排便量减少等症状,可显著缩短排便时间和增加排便量(P<0.01),具有明显增强胃肠推进作用;能抑制吗啡自然戒断大鼠体重下降(P<0.001、P<0.01或P<0.05),对吗啡依赖动物的戒断反应表现出明显的抑制作用。结论:新生颗粒具有一定的镇痛、催眠、增进胃肠动力作用及吗啡戒断体重下降抑制作用,对吗啡戒断综合征具有一定的治疗作用。     

钙拮抗剂治疗大白鼠吗啡戒断综合征的研究

本文研究主要钙拮抗剂对大白鼠吗啡戒断综合征的治疗效果。选用连续2d给药,催促成瘾的大鼠,给予不同药物治疗。结果表明,钙拮抗剂对大白鼠的吗啡戒断综合征有一定治疗作用。硝苯地平有效剂量为10-80mg·kg~(-1),其中以20与40mg·kg~(-1)效果较好(P<0.01);尼莫地平50-300 mg·kg~(-1)有效,以100mg·kg~(-1)为佳;维拉帕米20与40mg·kg~(-1)效果较好;硝苯地平与可乐宁合用后的治疗作用优于单独使用时的作用。     

Characterization of withdrawal syndrome of morphine-dependent rats prepared by intermittent infusion technique

The morphine withdrawal syndrome was studied in rats which had been made dependent on morphine administered by the intermittent infusion technique. Rats made rapidly dependent on morphine by an hourly infusion of 0.12–4 mg/kg/h showed a withdrawal syndrome when they were abruptly withdrawn, after infusion for 7 days, or when they were challenged by naloxone after infusion for 4 days. Abruptly withdrawn rats showed a marked weight loss and other mild symptoms. The weight loss seems mainly due to anorexia, partly because it was attenuated by IV feeding throughout the withdrawal and partly because the fasted rats showed a weight loss comparable to the withdrawn rats. The naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome showed characteristics, which, from their time course of incidence and their modulation by other drugs, were tentatively classified into three groups; motor excitation, cholinergic signs, and others. These groups and their interrelationships were discussed. All characteristics were suppressed by deep anesthesia with ether or pentobarbital. A sudden fall in blood pressure was indicated in the anesthetized morphine-dependent rats immediately after the naloxone challenge. This suggests that the intrinsic withdrawal syndrome was progressing even under anesthesia.     

Effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on behavioural measures of naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal

The effect of the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, ondansetron and MDL 72,222, against various behaviours elicited by naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal were examined. Rats made dependent upon morphine by the subcutaneous implantation of a 75 mg pellet, when challenged with naloxone (0.5 mg/kg SC), 3 or 4 days later exhibited a wide range of behaviours including wet dog shakes, paw shakes, salivation and a marked weight loss. Pre-treatment with ondansetron (0.01-1 mg/kg SC) or MDL 72,222 (1-3 mg/kg SC) failed to affect the incidence of these responses except weight loss, which was attenuated by both treatments. At doses similar to and below those required to elicit the withdrawal syndrome, naloxone produced a single-trial place aversion in morphine dependent rats. The place aversion produced by naloxone (0.05 mg/kg SC) was antagonized by pre-treatment of ondansetron (0.1-1 mg/kg SC) and MDL 72,222 (1 mg/kg SC) prior to conditioning. Chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg IP) but not gepirone (3-10 mg/kg SC) was similarly effective. It is concluded that 5-HT3 antagonists may attenuate some but not all behavioural signs associated with morphine withdrawal. Reasons for this apparent selectivity are discussed.     

川芎嗪对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断综合征的抑制作用

目的··:观察川芎嗪对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断综合征的影响。方法··:采用剂量递增方式皮下注射吗啡5d的大鼠,经过川芎嗪处理30min后,用纳洛酮催促,在停用吗啡后不同时间里观察评定戒断症状分值。结果··:川芎嗪明显减轻戒断症状和体重下降。结论··:川芎嗪能明显抑制吗啡依赖大鼠的戒断反应,其作用机制可能与阻断细胞钙内流有关。     

Aspects of abstinence after morphine ingestion

Sprague-Dawley male rats were intoxicated with morphine, using an ingestion method where exposed and control rats received equivalent amounts of calories and nutrients. The degree of physical dependence on morphine was demonstrated by studying and quantifying abstinence symptoms after withdrawal or after administration of opiate antagonists. The aims of the study were (1) to further enlighten the specificity and validity of the intoxication method concerning physical dependence, and (2) to determine whether some of the abstinence signs might be of value to facilitate quantitation of the degree of physical dependence on morphine, with diet and fluid intake being maintained under control. Withdrawn rats showed a decreased fluid diet intake and a body weight loss, the latter partly due to anorexia. Other mild abstinence signs were irritation, tremor and some motor excitation. The body weight loss during the first day of morphine withdrawal was proportional to the accumulated drug dose (between 25 and 300 mg morphine PO/kg b.wt.). However, prolonged morphine treatment on one dose (340 mg/kg b.wt.) did not reinforce the body weight changes caused by morphine withdrawal. The succeeding weight gain some days after morphine withdrawal was not entirely dependent on the amount of fluid diet intake. Methadone was shown to partially block the decrease in diet intake and the weight loss seen during morphine withdrawal. The naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms were motor excitation, cholinergic signs, body weight loss, diarrhoea and decreased diet intake. The weight loss 2 hr after naloxone administration to long-term intoxicated rats was proportional to the naloxone dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)