听障儿童青少年焦虑或抑郁情绪心理干预效果的系统综述

目的 系统综述心理干预对听障儿童青少年焦虑和抑郁情绪的效果。方法 采用主题词方法，在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网和万方数据库检索听障儿童青少年焦虑、抑郁情绪问题心理干预的相关文献，时间为建库至2023年7月。筛选文献并提取作者、国家、研究对象、研究设计、干预方式、结局指标、测量工具。结果 最终纳入8篇文献，来自3个国家，包含8项随机对照试验，涉及404例被试，发表日期主要集中在2013年至2023年。心理干预方式包括家庭支持教育、情绪智力训练、认知行为疗法、自信团体训练和游戏治疗等。干预效果包括有效改善社交焦虑情绪，降低听障儿童青少年的焦虑和抑郁水平。结论 心理干预可以有效缓解听障儿童青少年的焦虑和抑郁情绪。     

阿立哌唑治疗儿童青少年抽动障碍临床研究

目的：探讨阿立哌唑治疗儿童青少年抽动障碍患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法对25例应用其他药物治疗效果不佳或耐受性较差的儿童青少年抽动障碍患者换用阿立哌唑治疗,观察10周。于治疗前后采用耶鲁抽动量表评定临床疗效,副反应量表评定不良反应。结果本组患者治疗10周末耶鲁抽动量表总分及运动抽动、发声抽动、功能损害评分均较基线显著下降（P＜0．01）;不良反应较轻微,主要表现为失眠、激越、头痛等。结论阿立哌唑治疗儿童青少年抽动障碍疗效显著,安全性高,依从性好。     

听力障碍青少年情绪与心理行为的关系：基于内隐态度的中介效应分析

目的:探讨听力障碍青少年内隐态度与情绪和心理行为的关系,分析内隐态度在情绪与心理行为间的中介效应。方法:选取2020年4月—2022年6月在医院就诊的96例听力障碍青少年作为研究对象,采用儿童版积极-消极情绪量表(PANAS-C)、Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)及单一类别内隐联想测验(SC-IAT)对听力障碍青少年的情绪、心理行为和内隐态度进行调查。应用Pearson相关性分析探讨情绪、心理行为和内隐态度三者之间的关系,采用AMOS结构方程模型分析内隐态度在听力障碍青少年情绪和心理行为间的中介效应。结果:听力障碍青少年的情绪得分为(6.69±0.96)分,心理行为总分为(55.36±9.47)分,内隐态度为(0.28±0.05);情绪得分、心理行为总分、内隐态度三者间呈两两正相关;Bootstrap检验结果显示,情绪对心理行为的直接效应为0.38,间接效应为0.22,中介效应占总效应的36.67%。结论:内隐态度在听力障碍青少年情绪和心理行为间存在部分中介效应。     

儿童抽动障碍与精神心理及环境因素的研究进展

抽动障碍是儿童常见的以抽动为主要表现的神经精神疾病。精神心理、家庭及社会环境因素等对抽动障碍的患儿影响巨大。本文就近几年国内外常见引起抽动障碍的精神心理及环境因素研究进展做一综述,旨在引起各界对抽动障碍患儿的重视,减少或避免相关风险因素,指导临床治疗。     

社区护理学

正社区儿童及青少年保健护理2儿童及青少年生长发育的特点及影响因素2.2儿童及青少年心理发育的特点2.2.1个性的发育2.2.1.3主动-罪恶感(Initiative vs Guilty)(3～6岁)该阶段主要特征是活跃的、入侵性行为。该期儿童有丰富的想象力,他们用感官和精力去探知周围世界,因而产生一种自我意识。他们乐于自己创造游     

儿童青少年情绪障碍260例分析

近年来，儿童青少年精神卫生问题日益受到社会的普遍关注，这对于促进儿童青少年的身心健康发展、提高人口素质和健康水平具有重要意义。情绪障碍在儿童青少年精神障碍中占第２位，仅次于儿童青少年行为障碍。儿童青少年各类情绪障碍的患病率、人群分布特征等流行病学调查，因其技术难度大，在国内报告甚少犤１－２犦。为了解儿童青少年情绪障碍的基本特征和治疗方法，对上海心理卫生咨询中心正式开诊以来儿童青少年情绪障碍者作一初步分析。１对象与方法１．１对象１９９８年１２月１０日～１９９９年６月３０日共接诊儿童和青少年心理卫生…     

儿童抽动障碍药物治疗及其心理健康教育

０引言儿童抽动障碍是起病于儿童和青少年时期的一种慢性复杂的神经精神障碍，主要表现为不自主的、反复的、快速的一个部位和多部位肌肉抽动和发声抽动，并可伴发诸多心理和行为问题，影响患儿的学习，性格发展及社会适应能力犤１犦。许多父母和教师对患儿出现的症状不理解，往往误认为调皮、出怪相、恶作剧等，对其进行指责、谩骂等方式，不但延误了治疗，还给患儿的身心健康造成了严重的损害。１材料和方法１．１材料２０００－１０／２００２－１０在本院门诊确诊的１２６例儿童抽动障碍患儿，男１０６例，女２０例，男：女＝５．３：１…     

心理干预在青少年抑郁症中的对比研究

目的对比研究13～16岁儿童抑郁情绪发生率、抑郁症患病率,分析心理干预在青少年抑郁症治疗中的效果。方法选取温州地区5所中学3000例青少年作为研究对象,分别以5种量表对13～16岁青少年抑郁情绪发生率、抑郁症的发病率进行调查分析,同时对所有研究对象的家长和老师进行青少年心理卫生知晓率的调查;对所有对象进行针对性的健康教育和心理干预,分析干预后儿童抑郁情绪发生率以及抑郁症发病率的效果。结果青少年经过心理干预后各量表总分均有好转,与干预前比较,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=6.71、5.12、5.53,P均<0.05);外来务工组和城市组青少年各项评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(t分别=3.66、3.25、3.73,P均<0.05);干预前后青少年抑郁情绪发生率、抑郁症发病率也均有统计学意义(χ2=5.22、5.36,P均<0.05)。结论针对性、操作性强的心理干预措施可以有效治疗青少年抑郁症。     

抽动障碍非药物治疗的研究进展

抽动障碍(tic disorders,TD)是以突然、快速、反复、非节律性、刻板单一或多部位的运动抽动和或发声抽动为主要表现,起病于儿童和青少年时期的一类神经发育障碍性疾病。分为暂时性抽动障碍(provisional tic disorder,PTD)、持续性(慢性)运动或发声抽动障碍(chronic motor or vocal tic disorder,CTD)和Tourette综合征(tourette syndrome,TS)三大类[1]。     

《发育与行为儿科学》

中华医学会儿科分会发育行为儿科学组重磅编写,汇集全国该领域专家,体现最新学科发展,介绍新技术、新方法,内容丰富实用。本书共分为9章,围绕儿童青少年心理行为、社会和学习等方面的疾病或问题进行展开和介绍,同时体现发育行为儿科在整个儿科学中的作用,在疾病防治、病房门诊管理、健康护理等各方面体现对心理行为的关注。是儿科学医师必备的儿童发育行为方面的专业参考书籍。     

The attention deficit disorder

Academic underachievement and behavioral deficiency in children can often be traced to the attention deficit disorder. Untreated, children with this disorder may continue to have serious behavioral and academic problems as adolescents and young adults. Early diagnosis is clearly the key to therapy, but physicians often feel uncomfortable diagnosing behavioral disorders. In this article, Dr Marquis discusses how the primary care physician can identify children with attention deficit disorder and can tailor therapy to fit the child's individual needs.     

Abstracts and Citations

Psychiatric co-morbidity is an important risk factor for chronification of primary headache into adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent and clinical relevance of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with primary headache. Children and adolescents (n = 128) with primary headache (International Headache Society, codes 1.1, 1.2, 2.1) and 83 matched controls aged 6-18 years were examined by standardized dimensional psychometric tests (Child Behavior Checklist, Depression Inventory for Children and Adolescents, Anxiety Questionnaire for Pupils). Children and adolescents with primary headache suffer more often from internalizing problems (depression, anxiety, and somatization) than healthy controls. The detected emotional and behavioral problems are clinically relevant and require particular therapy in every third child suffering from headache. Two out of three children and adolescents with primary headache do not show clinically relevant psychopathology and may benefit from minimal therapeutic intervention. One of three examined headache patients needs additional psychiatric therapy.     

Competence of and emotional/behavioral problems in pediatric oncology patients in Taiwan

The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist, using confirmatory factor analysis, in a group of pediatric oncology patients in Taiwan and to compare the competence and behavioral/emotional problems scores of these children with normative scores to assess competence and emotional/behavioral problems of Taiwanese children with cancer. Subjects included parents (124 mothers and 22 fathers) of 146 pediatric oncology patients who completed the measures. Factor loadings of the overall fit indices for the study subjects yielded or approached satisfactory results for all syndromes, except for aggressive behavior. The indices for both internalizing and externalizing syndromes also showed good model fit. Taiwanese children with cancer had significantly lower competence scores on the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 than did Achenbach's sample, except Taiwanese girls with cancer, who had higher activity competence scores, but these scores were not statistically significant. Taiwanese boys with cancer had significantly higher scores on all of the emotional/behavioral problems, but had lower delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, and externalizing syndrome scores. In contrast, girls with cancer had significantly higher scores on somatic complaints and internalizing syndrome, but significantly lower aggressive behavior and externalizing syndrome scores. Taiwanese adolescents with cancer had significantly lower competence scores compared with normative scores, with the exception being that the adolescents in the current study had significantly higher school competence scores. These adolescents also had significantly fewer attention problems but tended to have more somatic complaints. These findings clearly indicate that healthcare for children with cancer should include psychological services to prevent long-term emotional/behavioral problems.     

Recognition and management of Tourette's syndrome and tic disorders

Tic disorders and Tourette's syndrome are conditions that primary care physicians are likely to encounter. Up to 20 percent of children have at least a transient tic disorder at some point. Once believed to be rare, Tourette's syndrome is now known to be a more common disorder that represents the most complex and severe manifestation of the spectrum of tic disorders. Tourette's syndrome is a chronic familial disorder with a fluctuating course; the long-term outcome is generally favorable. Although the exact underlying pathology has yet to be determined, evidence indicates a disorder localized to the frontal-subcortical neural pathways. Tourette's syndrome is commonly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, behavior problems and learning disabilities. These comorbid conditions make the management of Tourette's syndrome more challenging. Management of Tourette's syndrome should include timely and accurate diagnosis, education, and behavior or pharmacologic interventions. Use of neuroleptic medications and dopamine D2 antagonist drugs can be effective but may be associated with significant side effects.     

Integrating Nursing Care into Systems of Care for Children with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

PROBLEM: Recent developments in providing care to children with emotional and behavioral disorders, especially those with serious emotional disturbance, have included the establishment of systems of care. Guided by a set of principles and values, these systems of care have organized and delivered services to children and families with complex needs. To date, nurses have not had a salient role in systems of care. RESULTS: It is estimated that 20% of American children and adolescents have an emotional or mental disorder. As many as two thirds of these children are not receiving services. Systems of care have been funded to provide services for these children, particularly for the most severely affected. To date, nursing has not had a prominent role in these systems of care. CONCLUSIONS: Based on their knowledge, skills, and holistic approach to care, nurses could better integrate nursing care into systems of care. Possible roles as case managers, primary therapists, in-home interventionists, and in educational programs are suggested.     

Protein Array Profiling of Tic Patient Sera Reveals a Broad Range and Enhanced Immune Response against Group A Streptococcus Antigens

The human pathogen Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes, GAS) is widely recognized as a major cause of common pharyngitis as well as of severe invasive diseases and non-suppurative sequelae associated with the existence of GAS antigens eliciting host autoantibodies. It has been proposed that a subset of paediatric disorders characterized by tics and obsessive-compulsive symptoms would exacerbate in association with relapses of GAS-associated pharyngitis. This hypothesis is however still controversial. In the attempt to shed light on the contribution of GAS infections to the onset of neuropsychiatric or behavioral disorders affecting as many as 3% of children and adolescents, we tested the antibody response of tic patient sera to a representative panel of GAS antigens. In particular, 102 recombinant proteins were spotted on nitrocellulose-coated glass slides and probed against 61 sera collected from young patients with typical tic neuropsychiatric symptoms but with no overt GAS infection. Sera from 35 children with neither tic disorder nor overt GAS infection were also analyzed. The protein recognition patterns of these two sera groups were compared with those obtained using 239 sera from children with GAS-associated pharyngitis. This comparative analysis identified 25 antigens recognized by sera of the three patient groups and 21 antigens recognized by tic and pharyngitis sera, but poorly or not recognized by sera from children without tic. Interestingly, these antigens appeared to be, in quantitative terms, more immunogenic in tic than in pharyngitis patients. Additionally, a third group of antigens appeared to be preferentially and specifically recognized by tic sera. These findings provide the first evidence that tic patient sera exhibit immunological profiles typical of individuals who elicited a broad, specific and strong immune response against GAS. This may be relevant in the context of one of the hypothesis proposing that GAS antigen-dependent induction of autoantibodies in susceptible individuals may be involved the occurrence of tic disorders.     

Interoperability—Making Information Systems Work Together

Disaster literature suggests that children's and adolescents’ post-disaster reactions vary according to their developmental levels. Preschool children show less psychological problems as compared to older children and adolescents, but they have a higher incidence of trauma-specific fears and behavioral problems (e.g., dependency, clinging). School-age children's disaster responses include sleep and eating disturbances, behavioral problems, and poor school performance. Adolescents tend to exhibit symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, belligerence, and pessimistic views about the future (Korol, Green, &; Gleser, ).     

Tics and Tourette syndrome: an adult perspective

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder characterized by childhood onset multiple motor and vocal tics often accompanied by features of obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or other behavioral manifestations. Tics may be simple or complex, and may include motor and vocal components. Abnormal function of the basal ganglia is thought to be an important underlying cause of tics and other movement disorders. Treatment of TS requires a thorough understanding of the phenomenology of the disease for the individual patient, and should focus on symptoms that are especially troubling. Some nonpharmacologic approaches may help to improve tic severity, including conditioning techniques, relaxation training, and hypnosis. Options for pharmacotherapy include dopamine blockers and depleters, benzodiazepines, central alpha-adrenergic blockers, and botulinum toxin. Many patients require therapy for comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression, or ADHD. In case studies and small patient series, deep brain stimulation has been shown to markedly reduce tic severity and functional impairment associated with TS. While onset is most frequently in childhood, TS should not be considered exclusively a disorder of pediatric patients. The complications and comorbidities that are encountered in children and adolescents often persist into adulthood.     

Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with a Primary Tic Disorder

The clinical characteristics and rates of co-occurring psychiatric conditions in youth seeking treatment for a chronic tic disorder (CTD) were examined. Children and adolescents (N = 126) with a primary CTD diagnosis were recruited for a randomized controlled treatment trial. An expert clinician established diagnostic status via semi-structured interview. Participants were male (78.6%), Caucasians (84.9%), mean age 11.7 years (SD = 2.3) with moderate-to-severe tics who met criteria for Tourette??s disorder (93.7%). Common co-occurring conditions included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 26%), social phobia (21%), generalized anxiety disorder (20%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; 19%). Motor and vocal tics with greater intensity, complexity, and interference were associated with increased impairment. Youth with a CTD seeking treatment for tics should be evaluated for non-OCD anxiety disorders in addition to ADHD and OCD. Despite the presence of co-occurring conditions, children with more forceful, complex, and/or directly interfering tics may seek treatment to reduce tic severity.