皮肤性状改变后薄荷醇对甲硝唑透皮吸收作用的影响

目的：通过改变皮肤的性状，观察薄荷醇对甲硝唑透皮吸收的影响。方法：采用两室扩散池体外实验装置，以性状不同的兔皮作为屏障，使用薄荷醇作为促透剂，测定甲硝唑的吸光度，并计算人渗透系数，结果：当去除角质层后，薄荷醇对甲硝唑透皮吸收作用发生明显变化，与不含促透剂的完整皮肤组相比透皮作用非常显，但与本身不含促透剂组相比透皮作用不明显，同时薄荷醇和氮酮均能增加在完整皮肤中甲硝唑的贮存效应，对去角质层皮肤中甲硝唑的贮库效应无影响，结果还表明在两种不同性状的皮肤中，薄荷醇和氮酮对甲硝唑的透皮作用和贮库效应均无显差异。结论：薄荷醇能促进甲硝唑的透皮吸收，作用主要在角质层，角质层具贮库效应。     

凝胶骨架控释型盐酸尼卡地平贴剂的制备及透皮促渗剂研究

制备盐酸尼卡地平的凝胶骨架控释贴剂。采用Ｖａｌｉａ－ｃｈｉｅｎ或改良Ｆｒａｎｚ扩散池,通过改变皮肤状态和促进渗剂,进行制剂对离体皮肤的体外渗透实验,探讨制剂的透皮释药机制。结果表明,盐酸尼卡地平溶液制剂的皮肤渗透呈零级动力学,而其贴剂的药物渗透则符合Ｈｉｇｕｃｈｉ方程;去角质层皮肤的药物渗透率远大于完整皮肤,而前者的贮库效应小于后者,药物透皮吸收的主要屏障为角质层,３％桉叶油为最佳透皮促渗剂。     

盐酸尼卡地平贴剂的制备及体外透皮释药

目的：制备盐酸尼卡地平透皮贴剂,研究其释药影响因素。方法：利用Ｆｒａｎｚ扩散池,进行离体皮肤体外渗透实验,通过改变皮肤的状态,研究其体外透皮释药。结果：盐酸尼卡地平贴剂中药物的渗透可用Ｈｉｇｕｃｈｉ方程来表达,去除角质层皮肤的药物渗透远大于完整皮肤,而完整皮肤的贮库效应大于去角质层皮肤。结论：盐酸尼卡地平在经皮渗透过程中存在贮库效应,渗透的主要屏障为角质层。     

不同促渗剂对马钱子碱贴剂体外透皮吸收的影响

目的:研究不同促渗剂对马钱子碱贴剂体外透皮促渗作用的影响.方法:采用不同浓度、不同种类促渗剂制备马钱子碱贴剂;采用改良Franz扩散池,以离体雄性大鼠皮肤为模型,通过高效液相色谱法测定药物浓度,拟合马钱子碱透皮吸收的累积透过量和透过速率.结果:以3%氮酮制备的马钱子碱贴剂具有较好的体外透过速率及累积透过量;促渗剂合用时...     

丁螺环酮体外经皮渗透性的实验研究

目的:研究丁螺环酮的经皮渗透性,筛选出丁螺环酮贴剂的促渗剂及最佳促渗浓度.方法:采用全自动体外渗透释放仪,以雄性小鼠皮肤为渗透屏障,高效液相色谱法测定丁螺环酮的累积渗透浓度并计算其渗透动力学参数.结果:氮酮对丁螺环酮有明显的促渗透效果,但其渗透速率并不随着氮酮浓度的增大而增大,而是在氮酮含量为2%时有一最佳值,渗透速率常数为65.103g·cm-2·h-1/2,4和10h的累积渗透量分别为143.036和226.618μg.结论:氮酮能够促进丁螺环酮的透皮吸收,其最佳浓度为2%;丁螺环酮从贴剂基质向皮肤的渗透符合Higuchi方程.     

月桂氮酮对无环鸟苷霜体外透皮吸收作用的影响

考察不同浓度月桂氮Ｚｈｕｏ酮对无环鸟苷霜的透皮促渗作用，进行合理的处方筛选。以离体兔皮为渗透屏障，采用改良Ｆｒａｎｚ扩散池，研究不同浓度氮酮对无环鸟苷的透皮促渗作用。无环鸟苷霜的透皮吸收为零级动力学过程，氮酮对无环鸟苷的透皮促渗作用无浓度依赖性，经试验测得２％氮酮对无环鸟苷的促渗作用最强。     

促透剂对血竭素透皮影响的研究

目的：研究几种常用的促透剂对血竭素体外经皮透过的影响，优化健骨膏的处方。方法：采用Franz扩散池，HPLC测定血竭紊的浓度，考察促透剂对血竭素透过离体SD大鼠腹部皮肤的影响。结果：不同促透剂的促透效果依次为：月桂氮革酮〉丙二醇〉松节油〉油酸〉薄荷醇，月桂氮革酮不同浓度的促透效果依次为：2％〉1％〉0.5％〉3％。结论：选择2％氮酮为健骨膏的促透剂时，透皮效果较好。     

月桂氮酮对无环鸟苷霜体外透皮吸收作用的影响

考察不同浓度月桂氮酮对无环鸟苷霜的透皮促渗作用，进行合理的处方筛选。以离休兔皮为渗透屏障，采用改良Franz扩散池，研究不同浓度氮酮对无环鸟昔的透皮促渗作用。无环鸟苷霜的透皮吸收为零级动力学过程，氮酮对无环鸟苷的透皮促渗作用无浓度依赖性，经试验测得2％氮酮对无环鸟苷的促渗作用最强。     

氮酮对消痤乳膏中克林霉素和螺内酯透皮吸收作用的研究

研究不同浓度的氮酮对盐酸克林霉素和螺内酯小鼠离体皮肤渗透性的影响.用改良的Franze扩散池,选用不同浓度氮酮(0%、1%、2%和5%)作促渗剂,采用HPLC法测定药物累积释放量(Q),并计算稳态流量(J),渗透系数(Kp).结果表明1%氮酮对消痤乳膏的透皮吸收作用明显.     

刺山柑果凝胶膏剂的体外透皮研究

目的研究不同促透剂对刺山柑果凝胶膏中有效成分体外透皮吸收的影响,筛选有效的促透剂。方法选择不同质量分数的氮酮、丙二醇以及氮酮与丙二醇的不同质量比例组合物为促透剂,采用改良的Franz扩散池,以离体小鼠皮肤为透皮屏障,用HPLC测定接收液中有效成分芦丁的含量,考察不同促透剂对刺山柑果凝胶膏中芦丁的单位面积累积透过量和透皮速率常数的影响。结果 20mg.g-1氮酮促渗效果较好,其促渗倍数为1.26倍,芦丁的透皮速率常数为5.45μg.cm-2.h-1。结论不同促透剂对刺山柑果凝胶膏中有效成分的透皮吸收的影响有差异,其中20mg.g-1氮酮能够有效促进凝胶膏中芦丁的体外透皮吸收,可作为刺山柑果凝胶膏的促透剂。     

Enhanced transdermal delivery of triprolidine from the ethylene-vinyl acetate matrix.

Triprolidine-containing matrix was fabricated with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer to control the release of the drug. The permeation rate of triprolidine in the stripped skin was greatly larger than that in the whole skin. Thus it showed that the stratum corneum acts as a barrier of skin permeation. The effect of penetration enhancer and stripping of skin on the permeation of triprolidine through the excised mouse skin was studied. Penetrating enhancers showed increased flux probably due to the enhancing effect on the skin barrier, the stratum corneum. Among enhancers used such as glycols, fatty acids and non-ionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene-2-oleyl ether showed the best enhancement. The permeability of triprolidine was markedly increased with stripping of the mouse skin to remove the stratum corneum that acts as a barrier of skin permeation. For the controlling transdermal delivery of triprolidine, the application of EVA membrane containing permeation enhancer could be useful in the development of transdermal drug delivery system.     

Effect of the absorption enhancer, Azone, on the transport of 5-fluorouracil across hairless rat skin

The effect of the percutaneous absorption enhancer, Azone, on the transport of 5-fluorouracil across hairless rat skin has been investigated by an in-vitro permeation technique using 2-chamber diffusion cells. Azone (3% w/v) emulsions were used. Azone enhanced the permeability of drug 10-100 times across the full-thickness skin although there was a lag time about 10 h. The long lag time, however, disappeared with Azone pretreatment. Azone also affected the transport across stripped skin. These results suggest that Azone mainly affects the stratum corneum. It seems to change the diffusivity of drug in that layer and is not so effective against diffusivities in the epidermis and dermis.     

Phonophoresis of hydrocortisone with enhancers: an acoustically defined model

The aim of the study was to define an acoustic model to determine the effect of ultrasound on the penetration of hydrocortisone through whole rat skin. Methods: ultrasound dosimetry measurements were used to define an ultrasound source used to measure the phonophoretic enhancement of hydrocortisone transport through rat skin in vitro. The effect of conductive heating was also studied. Results: acoustic dosimetry measurements indicated that the skin barrier was exposed to ultrasound standing waves and this focused heat generation within the tissue. While sonication alone did not significantly enhance hydrocortisone permeation, a significant synergistic effect was observed with Azone but not with oleic acid. The ultrasound-Azone effect could be duplicated with conductive heating. Conclusion: synergism between phonophoresis and Azone treatment was observed in the enhancement of hydrocortisone percutaneous transport. It is probable that the thermal effects of ultrasound were responsible for accelerated Azone diffusion through the stratum corneum.     

Mechanism of skin penetration-enhancing effect by laurocapram.

In order to clarify the mechanism of action of laurocapram (Azone) on the skin permeation of drugs, the following experiments were done. First, the effect of Azone on the skin components was compared with that of other penetration enhancers. Azone markedly fluidized liposomal lipids (as a model lipid system) compared with other enhancers. Ethanol extracted large amounts of the stratum corneum lipids, whereas Azone did not. These results suggest that the effect of Azone on the lipids in the stratum corneum is not the same as that of ethanol. In addition, ethanol increased the amount of free sulfhydryl (SH) group of keratin in the stratum corneum, whereas Azone did not directly affect the stratum corneum protein. Azone increased water content in the stratum corneum, as measured by skin conductance. This effect might be a reason for the action of Azone. For further understanding, the enhancing effects of Azone on the skin permeation of several model compounds (alcohols, sugars, and inorganic ions) were compared with the effects of pretreatment with distilled water, which was thought to increase water-holding capacity, and pretreatment with ethanol, which was thought to affect the lipids and protein in the skin barrier (i.e., stratum corneum). Pretreatment with water or ethanol enhanced skin permeation of hydrophilic compounds, whereas they decreased that of octanol, a hydrophobic compound. The tendency of Azone to increase or decrease the skin permeation rate of most compounds was similar to that of pretreatment with water or ethanol. However, the effect of Azone on the skin permeation of inorganic ions was relatively low, whereas that of pretreatment with water or ethanol was high.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

派瑞松乳膏中3种药物透皮特性的研究

目的:评价派瑞松乳膏中曲安奈德(TACA)、苯甲酸(BEN)、硝酸益康唑(ECN)3种药物的透皮特性.方法:采用Franz扩散池法,考察药物经完整皮肤和去角质层皮肤的体外透皮能力,并采用了胶带剥离、皮肤萃取法分别获取了皮肤角质层、去角质层皮肤样本,用HPLC法测定了样本中的药物含量.结果:经过24 h透皮吸收,TACA和BEN的去角质层皮肤渗透量分别为完整皮肤的1.5和1.3倍,ECN的渗透量基本为零.8h透皮实验,TACA高、中、低3个浓度角质层中药物含量基本相同,真皮层则存在浓度依赖现象;ECN在皮肤各层和接受室均检测不到;BEN在角质层和真皮层中的分布与TACA相似,但透过量比TACA大.结论:角质层是皮肤渗透的重要屏障,派瑞松乳膏应用于皮肤溃疡、受损或者婴幼儿皮肤仍需谨慎.     

In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption of Arildone,a Highly Lipophilic Drug,and the Apparent No-Effect of the Penetration Enhancer Azone in Excised Human Skin

Purpose. Arildone, a novel lipophilic antiviral drug when evaluated in Clinical Trials showed limited skin absorption and antiviral efficacy. These studies were conducted to explain the apparent poor absorption characteristics and attempt to promote skin absorption by using Azone, a penetration enhancer. Methods. Standard in vitro skin permeation methods using excised human skin were employed to characterise the absorption of Arildone. ¹⁴C-Arildone was used to estimate the distribution in skin layers by scintigraphic and autoradiographic procedures. Results. The aqueous solubility and distribution constant values for Arildone were 2 µg ml^–1 and 5 × 10⁵ (isopropyl myristate/water), respectively. Absorption through full thickness skin or stratum corneum-viable epidermal membranes (diffusional resistant dermis removed), from a propylene glycol vehicle, was slow and the addition of Azone had no effect on the permeation rate. Distribution studies showed accumulation of Arildone in the stratum corneum. The concentration of Arildone in the viable epidermis was estimated from sectioning the skin and was found to be in sufficient amounts (400 µg cm^–3) to have potential antiviral activity. Conclusions. The apparent accumulation of Arildone in the stratum corneum suggested that the hydrophilic skin region presented the main barrier to permeation. Azone which affected the permeability of the stratum corneum was therefore not effective at enhancing Arildone absorption. Vehicles which readily permeate and enhance the transfer of lipophilic drugs from the stratum corneum into the viable epidermis were recommended.     

Enhancing effect of alpha-monoisostearyl glyceryl ether on the percutaneous penetration of indomethacin through excised rat skin.

The enhancing effect of alpha-monoisostearyl glyseryl ether (GE-IS) on the percutaneous penetration of indomethacin (IM) from test solutions in propylene glycol (PG) was investigated using the excised abdominal skin of rats in vitro. The percutaneous penetration of IM into diffusion cells was significantly increased in the presence of 0.2% or 1% (w/w) GE-IS compared with enhancer-free PG solution. Permeation parameters of IM, such as lag time and permeability coefficient, revealed that GE-IS significantly augmented the percutaneous penetration of IM from PG. These results strongly suggested that GE-IS functions as a penetration enhancer of IM through rat skin. To elucidate the mode of action of GE-IS as a penetration enhancer, the solubility of IM in the test solution and the percutaneous penetration of IM through damaged skin from which the stratum corneum had been stripped were investigated. The results suggested that GE-IS acts directly on the stratum corneum and alters the permeability of the skin.     

曲安奈德经皮渗透特性研究

目的评价曲安奈德经皮渗透的特性。方法采用Franz扩散池法,考察药物经完整皮肤和去角质层皮肤的体外透皮能力,并采用了胶带剥离、皮肤萃取法分别获取了皮肤角质层、去角质层皮肤样本,用HPLC法测定了样本中的药物含量,考察曲安奈德在皮肤不同层的分布情况。结果曲安奈德的24 h透过量去角质层皮肤约为完整皮肤的1.6倍;8 h透皮实验,高、中、低3个浓度角质层中药物含量基本相同,真皮层则存在浓度依赖现象。结论角质层是曲安奈德的透皮吸收重要屏障,但角质层对药物的储留有饱和现象,临床上应用时需特别关注。     

长春西汀透皮贴剂的研制及体外释药机理的探讨

目的:制备长春西汀透皮贴剂,研究其体外释药机理.方法:在单层贴剂优化处方的基础上制备了单层、双层和三层贴剂,比较不同类型贴剂经不同皮肤的体外渗透速率,对三层贴剂进行了质量考察并研究了其释药机理.结果:三层贴剂和双层贴剂的经皮渗透量大于单层贴剂.去除角质层的皮肤对药物经皮渗透的屏障作用明显小于完整皮肤. 结论:长春西汀贴剂质量可控,刺激性小,药物经皮吸收的主要屏障为角质层,在经皮渗透中有较微弱的储库效应,其渗透行为主要是零级释药模式.