血吸虫病肝内微血管阻塞部位的研究

本研究采用血管墨汁灌注方法、血管塑料铸型方法,结合扫描电镜和透射电镜。观察了血吸虫病鼠(n=10)和兔(n=10)肝内微血管的变化。发现血吸虫病动物肝内门脉分支中断,肝窦数目减少,肝静脉分支扭曲、变形,肝窦毛细血管化,肝窦内皮细胞损伤,肝窦内有白细胞嵌塞。表明血吸虫病肝不仅有窦前梗阻,肝窦内及窦后亦有梗阻因素存在。     

白细胞介素-8的临床意义

白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)是近年由多家实验室发现的细胞因子; 曾有不同命名:如中性粒细胞激活蛋白(NAP-1),白细胞粘附抑制因子(LAF),T淋巴细胞趋化因子TCF).IL-8在炎症因子IL-1、TNF及脂多糖刺激下由多种细胞合成表达. 内皮细胞、T淋巴细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞、肝细胞、滑膜细胞、成纤维细胞和中性粒细胞等均可产生IL-8, 其中以血单核细胞产量最为丰富.基因工程IL-8由72个氨基酸组成, 分子量为8kDa.     

由人肺中分离树突状细胞(文摘)

作者建立了一种纯化人肺中树突状细胞(DC)的方法。这种DC有两个特征:能紧密粘附于塑料表面,也不表达T、B、NK及单核细胞的表面标志。由酶消化肺组织所获白细胞包含有DC、淋巴细胞和大量的肺巨噬细胞(PM)。将白细胞粘附90min,洗去非粘附的     

003 内毒素对大鼠白细胞粘附和粒细胞CD11a表达的影响

目的: 白细胞粘附参与体内多种病变损伤过程. 研究其特点及规律对探讨严重感染、休克、缺血再灌注损伤、移植排异反应等的机理及防治都有重要意义. 方法: 本实验利用大鼠内毒素血症的模型, 活体观察一次性尾静脉注射内毒素(1 mg/kg)后大鼠肠系膜微血管白细胞粘附变化、外周血白细胞总数和分类计数、利用流式细胞仪对粒细胞CD11a表达进行检测. 结果: 静脉注射内毒素后5 min内肠系膜微循环细静脉上白细胞贴壁、滚动、粘附数目明显增加, 30 min粘附数达高峰, 240 min仍高于正常; 外周血粒细胞总数在注入内毒素后30 min降到最低值, 2 h回升近正常, 4 h外周血粒细胞总数明显高于正常, 而且循环血液中出现幼稚粒细胞; 粒细胞表面粘附分子CD11a的荧光标记率和荧光强度未见增加, 4 h反而低于正常. 外周血淋巴细胞分类百分比在30 min时略高于正常, 以后持续下降, 明显低于正常. 外周血白细胞总数在注射内毒素后30 min内即下降, 2 h最低, 4 h略回升. 结论: 循环血液中粒细胞积极参与了白细胞粘附过程, 内毒素后30 min时的白细胞粘附以粒细胞为主, 导致循环血液中粒细胞数急剧下降, 以后, 可能有骨髓粒系统动员至循环血, 使循环血粒细胞总数增加. 而循环血液中粒细胞表达的CD11a在内毒素引起的白细胞粘附上变化不明显, 可能是CD11a以外的其它粘附分子参与了内毒引起的细胞粘附过程.     

肺炎患儿白细胞变形能力和粘附功能的变化及临床意义

肺炎患儿白细胞变形能力和粘附功能的变化及临床意义林荣军１刘成玉２潘玉娟３徐丽园研究表明，白细胞与急性肺组织损伤有密切关系［１］，白细胞在肺内聚集是产生急性肺损伤的重要环节，而细胞粘附分子（ｃＡｍｓ）介导的各种白细胞的粘附，特别是中性粒细胞粘附和跨膜转...     

白细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞实验研究

根据白细胞有补体受体可免疫粘附补体致敏肿瘤细胞的原理而设计白细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞花环实验。用于研究红细胞免疫调节作用，以及脑外伤淋巴细胞免疫功能的变化，显示有实用价值。     

肝细胞提取物生物学活性研究

为深入研究肝细胞提取物的生物学活性,以正常人肝细胞株、肝癌细胞株、肝星状细胞株及原代培养的肝星状细胞为研究靶细胞,观察在不同浓度肝细胞提取物作用下,上述细胞的增殖活性(MTT法)、细胞凋亡活性、细胞外基质成分透明质酸(HA)产生水平及I型胶原基因启动子活性的影响,同时利用流式细胞术比较正常成人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)在肝细胞提取物作用下,活性T淋巴细胞(CD4+/CD69+)的变化。结果发现肝细胞提取物对正常人肝细胞系(张氏肝细胞)具有明确刺激增殖作用,而对原代培养的肝星状细胞具有抑制增殖作用;肝星状细胞株HSC-T6的研究中,肝细胞提取物具有抑制其细胞外基质成分HA产生、抑制α1(I)型胶原基因启动转录的活性。60μg/ml的肝细胞提取物对肝癌细胞株Hep G2具有明确的诱导凋亡作用。正常成人PBMC经肝细胞提取物作用后活性T淋巴细胞(CD4+/CD69+)数量显著上升。研究表明,肝细胞提取物具有促进肝细胞再生、抑制肝纤维化发生和抗肿瘤作用,并首次发现具有免疫调节作用。     

缺血-再灌注肝脏组织中ICAM-1基因的表达

目的：探讨肝脏缺血-再灌注过程中肝窦内皮细胞ICAM-1 mRNA的表达规律及其意义。方法：应用分子杂交技术,观察缺血时间分别15、30及45 min的3组兔肝脏于再灌注60 min时ICAM-1 mRNA的表达情况,并对肝窦腔内的白细胞数量进行计数。结果：3组肝脏缺血前及缺血末组织内仅有少量ICAM-1 mRNA表达于肝窦内皮细胞浆内,且肝窦腔内的白细胞数量也无明显改变;但于再灌注60 min时,ICAM-1 mRNA表达程度则显著增强,且缺血时间越长的肝脏,其表达强度越大。此外,组织内ICAM-1 mRNA含量越高的肝脏,肝窦腔内白细胞数量越多,两者呈显著的正相关关系。结论：肝脏的缺血能明显诱导再灌注期间肝窦内皮细胞表达ICAM-1,增强肝窦内皮细胞的粘附力,促进再灌注血流中的白细胞在肝窦内滞留,进而引发一系列病理生理改变。     

小鼠实验性肝内胆汁郁积的肝脏微循环活体观察

异硫氰酸－１－茶酸（ＡＮＩＴ）造成的小鼠肝内胆汁郁积的肝微循环活体观察表明：２４ｈ、４８ｈ主要是渗出和白细胞增加，血流减慢；７２ｈ后渗出增加，出现血栓、出血、红细胞集聚。胆汁郁积血液粘度升高，血管中摩擦力增加，使血栓Ａ＿２（ＴＸＡ＿２）和前列环素（ＰＧＩ＿２）平衡受到破坏，微血管壁与血小板相互粘附，毛细胆管内压增加而扩张，邻近静脉受压，肝血窦胆汁郁滞，造成肝微循环障碍，致使肝细胞变性、坏死。因此对长期高胆红素血症病例，采用活血化瘀，改善肝微循环，有利于肝脏病的恢复。     

复方丹参液对细胞粘附和血管内皮损伤及改善微循环的作用

目的利用活体微循环观察内毒素引起大鼠肠系膜微血管内白细胞、血小板与内皮的粘附行为和血管内皮损伤的变化及复方丹参液预防白细胞、血小板粘附和对血管内皮损伤保护的作用。方法Wistar大鼠体重250～300g,雌雄均用。大鼠随机分为正常组、对照组、复方丹参液组 ,每组10只。正常组大鼠以常规方式喂养 ,不给任何药物。对照组以常规方式喂养外 ,每天以饮用水灌胃 ,2次/d ,以便与给药组有同样的刺激。复方丹参液大剂量组 ,每天用复方丹参液0.5g/2ml/次灌胃 ,2次/d ,约为日成人量的1/10。复方丹参液给药组、对照组由尾静脉注入1mg/Kg体重内毒素 ,2h后用20 %乌拉坦 ,按1ml/100g腹腔注射麻醉 ,正常组不给内素素。采用大鼠肠系膜微循环观察方法 ,观察红细胞聚集性 ,白细胞、血小板粘附。血栓形成的模型采用光化学反应原理 ,在血管内注入光敏剂 ,在强光照射下直接观察血小板粘附及血栓形成的过程 ,记录血栓出现的时间、血栓大小等。结果①正常微循环 :A、V、C为线流 ,无红细胞聚集及粘附 ,动、静脉壁薄 ,细胞间连接紧密 ,未见内皮水肿 ,内皮内外侧未见细胞粘附和游出。②内毒素引起细胞粘附和内皮的损伤 :大鼠静脉内注入内毒素后 ,血流稍有减慢 ,30min后细静脉血管内有明显白细胞粘附。部分集合毛细血管细静脉血     

毫米波对微循环影响的临床观察

本文观察了毫米波对微循环血液流变学的影响，在毫米波照射后，甲襞毛细血管管攀数增加，血管扩张，血流加快，全血粘度及红细胞聚集性改善，表明毫米波有改善微循环的作用。     

磁场对微循环的影响

为了探讨磁场对微循环的作用，利用直径０．７ｃｍ、表面磁感强度０．３Ｔ的磁片及磁感强度０．１Ｔ、转速２５００ｒ／ｍｉｎ的旋磁机分别作用于受试者左手无名指３０ｍｉｎ，并记录作用前后微循环改变。结果表明，动、静磁场均可使微血管清晰度、血流速及管径有明显改变，而对管袢数与红细胞聚集没有影响。这一结果提示，微血管扩张、血流速加快是磁场改善微循环的基础。     

Effect of host microenvironment on the microcirculation of human colon adenocarcinoma.

It is generally accepted that the host microenvironment influences tumor biology. There are discrepancies in growth rate, metastatic potential, and efficacy of systemic treatment between ectopic and orthotopic tumors. Liver is the most common and critical site of distant metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Tumorigenicity and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal tumors are different in liver and subcutaneous sites. Thus, we hypothesize that the liver (orthotopic) versus subcutaneous (ectopic) microenvironment would have different effects on the angiogenesis and maintenance of the microcirculation of colorectal tumor. To this end, we developed a new method to monitor and to quantify microcirculatory parameters in the tumor grown in the liver. Using this approach, we compared the microcirculation of LS174T, a human colon adenocarcinoma, metastasized to the liver with that of the host liver vessels and that of the same tumor grown in the subcutaneous space. In the liver metastasis model, 5 x 10(6) LS174T cells were injected into the spleen of nude mice. Four to eight weeks later, the liver with metastatic tumors was exteriorized and placed on a special stage and observed under an intravital fluorescence microscope. The dorsal skinfold chamber model was used to study the subcutaneous tumors. Red blood cell velocity, vessel diameter, density, permeability, and leukocyte-endothelial interactions were measured using fluorescence microscopy and image analysis. Vascular endothelial growth factor/ vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) mRNA expression was determined by the Northern blot analysis. LS174T tumor foci in the liver had tortuous vascular architecture, heterogeneous blood flow, significantly lower vascular density, and significantly higher vascular permeability than normal liver tissue. Tumors grown in the liver had significantly lower vessel density, especially in the center coincident with central necrosis, than the subcutaneous tumors. The frequency distribution of vessel diameters of liver tumor was slightly shifted to smaller size compared with that of subcutaneous tumor. Leukocyte rolling in liver tumor was twofold lower than that in subcutaneous tumor. These physiological findings were consistent with the measurement of VEGF/VPF in that the VEGF/VPF mRNA level was lower in the liver tumor than that in the subcutaneous tumor. However, macromolecular vascular permeability in the liver tumor was significantly higher than in the subcutaneous tumor. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, the origin of liver tumor vessel endothelium, are known to be fenestrated and not to have a basement membrane, suggesting that the difference in endothelial cell origin may explain the difference in tumor vascular permeability in two sites. These findings demonstrate that liver microenvironment has different effects on some aspects of the tumor angiogenesis and microcirculation compared with the subcutaneous tissues. The new model/method described in this paper has significant implications in two research areas: 1) the liver microenvironment and its effect on tumor pathophysiology in conjunction with cytokine/ growth factor regulation and 2) the delivery of drugs, cells, and genes to liver tumors.     

内脏器官激光多谱勒血流灌注图象的显示

目的显示内脏器官血流灌注和分布的图象,探讨激光多谱勒血流成像技术在内脏微循环检测中的价值。方法应用激光多谱勒血流灌注成像仪(LDPI),对大鼠和家兔腹部脏器(肝、脾、肾、膀胱、胃、大小肠和肠系膜等)的血流灌注进行扫描和血流图显示。结果在体内脏器官显像清晰,肝、肾、脾、膀胱等微循环血流的整体分布较均匀;而胃、肠系膜、回盲肠等激光多谱勒血流图上大血流线状显示极其显著;大鼠与家兔两种动物之间相同脏器血流图上的差异并不明显。结论LDPI能将内脏器官的微循环状态以图象的形式显示,该新技术方法在检测内脏血流方面将有一定的应用价值。     

蝮蛇抗栓酶对家兔DIC肠系膜微循环障碍的影响

本实验结果表明,蝮蛇抗栓酶可明显改善微循环障碍,增快血流速度,解除RBC聚集,促进毛细血管血流再通,减少白细胞贴壁粘附(P<0.01)。证明蝮蛇抗栓酶对实验性家兔DIC有显著治疗作用。     

Stratified multiphase model for blood flow in a venular bifurcation

Availablein vitro andin vivo experimental observations suggest that red cell aggregation and blood vessel geometry are improtant determinants of the flow characteristics of blood in venules. However, no consistent relationship has been observed between red blood cell aggregation and vascular resistance. The present work attempts to understand this relationship by evaluating computationally the effect of red cell aggregation on the flow characteristics of blood in a converging vessel, bifurcation. The proposed mathematical model considers blood as a two-phase continuum, with a central core region of concentrated red cell suspension that is surrounded by a layer of plasma adjacent to the vessel wall. In the central core region, blood is described by Quemada’s non-Newtonian rheological model, in which local viscosity is a function of both the local hematocrit and a structural parameter that is related to the size of red blood cell aggregates. Fluids from the two feeding branches are immiscible, which results in a stratified multiphase flow in the collecting venule. Calculations predict a complex, three-dimensional pattern of blood flow and generally nonaxisymmetric distribution of velocity, hematocrit, and shear stress in the collecting venule. The calculations are a first step toward a realistic model of blood flow in the venous microcirculation.     

基于流固耦合的载瘤血管内血液流动及血管损伤分析

目的研究两种常见血管瘤内的血液流动及其对血管壁力学性能的影响,以期提高动脉瘤的诊治水平、改善患者的预后。方法应用流固耦合方法对两种常见动脉瘤载瘤血管与血液之间的相互作用进行基于有限元计算的研究。主要分析瘤内血液流速、瘤壁变形、载瘤血管的应力分布和破坏形式。结果两种瘤内血液流速都很低而且流动平稳,使得瘤内可以形成较好的沉积和附着条件。瘤与血管下游的交界处是破坏的危险位置,梭形动脉瘤会在该处外壁发生剪切破坏,而囊形动脉瘤会在该处内壁发生拉伸破坏。在相同的血液流动作用下,囊形动脉瘤的载瘤血管会出现更大的应力,故更容易发生破坏,而且拉伸破坏会导致更严重的后果。结论动脉瘤与血管结合处易发生破坏;囊形动脉瘤危险性高、危害大。     

肝脏微循环障碍在慢性乙型肝炎中的作用及其发生机制

目的 :探讨肝脏微循环障碍的发生机制及其在慢性乙型肝炎 (慢乙肝 )病情发展中的作用。方法 :40例慢乙肝患者均行肝活检 ,活检组织分别进行HE染色、免疫组化染色及电镜观察。同时常规检查肝脏功能。结果 :40例慢乙肝患者均存在不同程度的肝脏微循环障碍 ,其中 2 3例肝窦内皮细胞胞浆内可见WP小体。 40例中vWF沿肝窦壁呈阳性表达的有 2 5例 ,肝细胞内HBcAg阳性表达 17例。vWF与HBcAg同时表达者肝功能均不正常。 2 8例肝功异常者中有9例肝细胞内无HBcAg表达 ,但vWF为阳性表达。结论 :慢乙肝存在肝脏微循环障碍 ;肝脏微循环障碍可协同乙肝病毒对肝细胞的免疫损伤 ,从而影响肝脏功能 ;肝窦内皮细胞中WP小体的出现可能是导致肝脏微循环障碍的重要环节。     

Immune-mediated mechanisms of endothelial damage in atherosclerosis

The endothelium of the vessel wall as a barrier between blood and the subendothelial matrix proteins is essential for preventing thrombus formation and subsequent atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which immune and autoimmune mechanisms are involved. Recently, it was demonstrated that endothelial cells in the vessel wall can be damaged not only by classic risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, smoking and disturbed blood flow, but also (auto)immune reactions to autoantigens present in the cell surface, among which heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) was mostly studied. HSP60 normally located in mitochondria can be translocated into the cell member in response to stress stimuli. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against HSP60 are present in most subjects, especially patients with heart attack and stroke. These autoantibodies may bind to HSP60 expressed in endothelial cells resulting in the cell damage, subsequently initiating the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Based on the recent progress in the research field, the present review will update the mechanisms of immune response to endothelial cells by which cell damage can initiate the development of atherosclerosis.     

慢性吗啡依赖和戒断大鼠微循环改变及温阳益气、活血化瘀复方的作用

探讨机体微循环在阿片类物质依赖、戒断过程中的不同变化及温阳益气、活血化瘀复方的作用。方法：采用高倍显微电视放大技术。结果：吗啡依赖大鼠Ａ_３和Ｖ_３中ＲＢＣ聚集成长链状，呈粒流或缓粒流，Ｖ_３壁有大量ＷＢＣ粘附、嵌塞；戒断７日后大鼠的各项指标与吗啡依赖组比较Ｐ＜０. ０５；中药复方能显著加快戒断大鼠Ａ_３和Ｖ_３血流速度，与正常组比较Ｐ＞０. ０５，但Ｖ_３壁粘附、嵌塞的ＷＢＣ数量与正常组比较的Ｐ＜０．０１。结论：阿片类物质确能引起机体微循环的改变，且在戒断后一段时间仍不能恢复；中药复方可改善紊乱的微循环。