尺骨谶嘴骨折皮质骨加压螺钉固定的实验研究及临床应用

比较尺骨鹰嘴骨折加压螺钉与常用的４种内固定的强度，为临床选择内固定方法提供实验依据。用２２具新鲜尸本肘关节做成横型、斜形和粉碎形鹰嘴骨折模型。用５种内固定后置于ＭＤ－１０Ｅ万能电子力学试验机上，测定骨折处的位移与压力的关系：结果：钢丝内固定强度最小，钩钢板最大。     

尺骨鹰嘴骨折钢丝环形加"8"字内固定的实验研究及其临床应用

[目的]本课题通过比较尺骨鹰嘴骨折钢丝环形加“8”字与常用的4种内固定的稳定性,探讨尺骨鹰嘴骨折不同内固定的生物力学效应,旨在寻求尺骨鹰嘴骨折理想的内固定方式,为临床选择内固定提供实验依据,从而验证和指导临床治疗。[方法]采用20只成年男性肘关节新鲜尸体标本,建立横形、斜形、粉碎形三种不同模型尺骨鹰嘴骨折模型,分别采用钢丝环形、钢丝“8”字、钢丝环形加“8”字、克氏针张力带及螺丝钉5种不同方法进行内固定,使固定的肘关节标本屈曲90°,运用高精度位移传感器对固定性能进行测量。[结果]位移-载荷关系表明,单环形钢丝固定强度最小,钢丝环形加“8”字比单“8”字钢丝及螺丝钉强,统计学上差异显著(P<0.05);在横形、斜形骨折模型中,钢丝环形加“8”字组与克氏针张力带组相差不显著(P>0.05),但在粉碎性骨折模型中,钢丝环形加“8”字组与克氏针张力带组有显著性差异(P<0.05);临床应用26例中,全部愈合,平均随访12个月,优良率达92.30%。[结论]钢丝环形加“8”字内固定可用于治疗横、斜形及粉碎性尺骨鹰嘴骨折,对粉碎性骨折效果优佳,且创伤小、操作简便、固定牢靠,是一种安全可靠,值得临床推广应用的内固定方法。     

拉力螺丝钉张力带固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折

尺骨鹰嘴骨折的手术治疗方法较多,有螺丝钉内固定、钩形钢板,加压髓内钉、克氏针张力带、钢丝固定等。各种治疗效果报道不一。我们根据尺骨鹰嘴的解剖特点,以及拉力螺丝钉的功能。采用拉力螺丝钉张力带治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折１６例,取得较好疗效,现报告如下。１临床资料１...     

鹰嘴骨折手术治疗与并发症分析

目的通过对尺骨鹰嘴骨折术后病例进行分析研究,探讨不同类型的尺骨鹰嘴骨折最佳固定方法。方法尺骨鹰嘴骨折手术内固定153例,其中张力带钢丝组60例,中空螺钉组19例,鹰嘴钢板组74例。根据术后6个月关节功能、X线表现进行综合评价,对比分析术后疗效。结果 153例均获随访,随访时间1~3年,平均随访时间1.2年。发生各种并发症27例,其中张力带钢丝组22例,中空螺钉组2例,鹰嘴钢板组3例。再手术4例,所有骨折均临床愈合。结论尺骨鹰嘴骨折应根据骨折类型选择不同的内固定方式,鹰嘴钢板具有较低的并发症发生率,适用于各种类型尺骨鹰嘴骨折。     

尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折手术治疗方法的临床疗效。方法对20例患者进行回顾性分析,均为尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折,14例合并冠状突骨折,10例合并肘关节脱位,3例合并肱骨小头骨折。钢板内固定12例,张力带加螺钉或钢丝固定8例。行一期植骨8例。结果所有患者随访3～36个月,按B roberg-M orrey评分标准评估,优13例,良5例,可2例,优良率90%。结论尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折,建议采用钢板内固定,如有骨缺损一期植骨。     

张力带钢丝与钢板内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的疗效分析

目的分析张力带钢丝和钢板内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2005-01—2012-07采用张力带钢丝和钢板内固定治疗的尺骨鹰嘴骨折78例。31例ⅡA型骨折中,采用张力带钢丝内固定21例(张力带A组),钢板内固定10例(钢板A组)。47例ⅡB型骨折中,采用张力带钢丝内固定12例(张力带B组),钢板内固定35例(钢板B组)。结果 78例均获得平均33(12~89)个月随访。张力带A组与钢板A组的DASH、MEPS、VAS评分及肘关节丢失活动度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。张力带B组与钢板B组的DASH、MEPS、VAS评分及肘关节丢失活动度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。张力带组克氏针移位率(P=0.032)和内固定物取出率(P=0.008)明显高于钢板组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论钢板和张力带钢丝内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折均能取得良好的临床效果,避免了术后出现疼痛和功能受限,但张力带钢丝内固定克氏针移位率和内固定物取出率较高。     

尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨双钢板、张力带固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨双钢板、张力带固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法14例肱骨远端C型骨折患者均采用尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨的方法显露,双钢板固定骨折,尺骨鹰嘴截骨复位后张力带固定。结果14例均获随访,时间4～15个月。骨折全部骨性愈合,时间9～14周。13例肘关节活动度96°～142°（105°±2°）,1例C3型骨折粉碎严重,术后肘关节活动度仅15°;1例术后发生尺神经麻痹,对症治疗后好转。无深部感染、钢板螺钉松动断裂的发生。参照Cassebaum标准：优6例,良5例,可2例,差1例。结论尺骨鹰嘴V形截骨双钢板、张力带固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折显露充分,固定坚强可靠,结合早期功能锻炼,可获得良好的关节功能,是一种较为理想的治疗方法。     

斯氏针加钢丝张力带与鹰嘴钩钢板固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折效果比较

目的观察斯氏针加钢丝张力带与鹰嘴钩钢板固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的效果。方法随机将2008-02—2015-08间就诊的40例尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者分为2组,观察组(21例)行斯氏针加钢丝张力带固定术,对照组(19例)行鹰嘴钩钢板固定术。观察比较2组治疗效果。结果观察组和对照组的优良率分别为90.48%与89.47%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组骨折愈合时间、术中出血量、住院费用均显著优于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论斯氏针加钢丝张力带与鹰嘴钩钢板固定术治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折均能获得良好疗效。但斯氏针加钢丝张力带固定术骨折愈合时间短,临床应用时应准确把握适应证。     

螺钉张力带钢丝内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折

我们自1991～1995年采用螺钉加张力带钢丝内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折36例,效果满意。男26例、女10例;年龄18～62岁,右侧25例,左侧11例。开放性骨折6例,陈旧性骨折2例。手术适应证是尺骨鹰嘴骨折块应为大块的骨折块,或大骨折块为主伴有1～2块小骨碎块,骨折有分离移位者。对于鹰嘴骨折呈粉碎状,或只撕脱下一小骨折块者则不适于本方法。手术方法:臂丛麻醉,患肢胸前位,采用肘后纵切口,开放性骨折则经清创后,将原伤口扩大,显露骨折端,清除血肿,伸直肘关节,将骨折块准确复位,用巾钳钳住、维持复位,屈肘,用直径2.5mm钻头从鹰嘴顶端斜向骨折远段的一侧皮质骨钻孔,拧入一枚直径3.5mm长度适合的普通螺丝钉。这样螺丝钉可拧入远折段的一侧骨皮质内,不易松动。这时螺丝钉可暂不拧紧以便缠钢丝。在骨折远段离骨折线约2cm处的尺骨后1/3钻一     

尺骨鹰嘴骨折合并肘关节前脱位的手术治疗

目的应用内固定治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折合并肘关节前脱位。方法对15例资料完整的病例进行回顾性分析。其中男10例,女5例;年龄22－48岁,平均38岁。车祸伤9例,高处坠落伤6例。开放性损伤3例,闭合性损伤12例。尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折14例,斜形骨折1例。13例合并冠状突骨折,2例合并肱骨外髁骨折。对所有病例应用内固定治疗,包括单纯张力带固定4例,张力带加螺钉固定5例,张力带加重建钢板或半管状钢板固定6例。3例行一期植骨。结果术后平均随访18个月。肘关节和前臂平均活动范围：屈肘105°,伸肘－20°;前臂旋前50°,旋后60°。按照Broberg和Morrey评估标准进行评价,优8例,良6例,可1例。其中张力带加钢板治疗组6例均为优。结论　　高能量损伤中因尺骨近端多为粉碎性骨折,且多同时合并冠状突骨折,肘关节极不稳定,单纯应用张力带固定不能获得稳定的固定,建议用重建钢板对尺骨近端骨折进行稳定固定,以获得正常的鹰嘴宽度和肱尺关节对合关系。一旦尺骨骨折向前移位得到纠正,桡骨头脱位也大多同时得到复位。存在明显骨缺损者应一期植骨。     

Methods of fixation of olecranon fractures. An experimental mechanical study

This study was designed to compare the rigidity of the more commonly used techniques of internal fixation of fractures of the olecranon. Cadaveric elbow joints were mounted in a jig and controlled osteotomies performed to simulate transverse, oblique or comminuted fractures. Five techniques of internal fixation were tested by measuring movement at the fracture site after applying a bending moment to the ulna. At transverse osteotomies tension-band wiring with two tightening knots allowed least movement even at high loads. Intramedullary cancellous screw fixation gave erratic results; adding a tension band with a single know was little better. In oblique osteotomies, no statistically significant difference was shown between one-third tubular plate fixation and double-knot wiring. Comminuted osteotomies were held most rigidly by contoured one-third tubular plate fixation.     

尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折内固定的生物力学研究

目的比较克氏针张力带、重建钢板联合张力带及鹰嘴解剖钢板固定尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折3种方式的生物力学稳定性,为临床选择内固定提供理论依据。方法 8个自愿捐献的新鲜成人尸体肘关节标本,均为男性;年龄26～43岁,平均34.8岁。于尺骨上段及尺骨鹰嘴分别截骨制作尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折模型。每个标本分别采用克氏针张力带(A组)、重建钢板联合张力带(B组)及鹰嘴解剖钢板(C组)3种方式对骨折端固定。采用生物力学测试系统进行单轴压缩试验,记录载荷-位移曲线,内固定系统的稳定性采用骨折端压缩位移为2 mm时所加的载荷值进行评价。结果实验过程中未出现克氏针退出、钢板螺钉断裂、标本破坏,标本与夹具固定无松动。3组标本均表现为位移随载荷增加而逐渐增长,但B、C组的载荷-位移曲线斜率明显高于A组。当骨折端压缩位移为2 mm时,A、B、C组的所加载荷值分别为(218.6±66.9)、(560.3±116.1)、(577.2±137.6)N,B、C组所加载荷值均显著高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B、C组间差异无统计学意义(t=0.305,P=0.763)。结论尺骨上段合并鹰嘴骨折多为不稳定骨折,重建钢板联合张力带、鹰嘴解剖钢板固定均能满足要求,临床上可根据患者情况合理选用。克氏针张力带固定不够牢固,临床上应避免单独使用。     

Operative treatment of olecranon nonunion.

Records of five patients treated surgically for nonunion of the olecranon were reviewed. Four of the five fractures leading to nonunion were comminuted or oblique. Three nonunions occurred after tension band wiring, one nonunion occurred after open reduction internal fixation with a semitubular plate, and one nonunion occurred after treatment with a cast. The median interval from fracture to treatment of nonunion was 8 months. All nonunions were treated surgically. Four patients were treated with a tension band plate technique. All nonunions united at a median of 3 months. The median follow-up period was 36 months (range, 12-48 months).     

Posterior olecranon plating: biomechanical and clinical evaluation of a new operative technique

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the biomechanical analysis of a new plating technique for olecranon fractures to tension band wiring, and review early clinical results. Six matched pairs of cadaveric ulnae were used for the biomechanical analysis. A transverse osteotomy of the mid part of the olecranon was made. One ulna of each pair was stabilized using a tension band and the other with a posterior hook plate. The ulnae were mounted and loaded, and displacement at the osteotomy site recorded. Twenty patients treated with this new technique (14 fractures and 6 osteotomies) were reviewed at one year (range: 8 to 18 months) for infection, union rate, hardware related complaints. and removal. Statistical analysis showed significantly less displacement occurred at the osteotomy site in the plating group. Clinically, all patients had fracture union, and there were no hardware related problems. Posterior plating with this technique achieves greater stability compared to tension band wiring. Early clinical results indicate a low level of hardware related complications.     

The role of cancellous screw with tension band fixation in the treatment of displaced olecranon fractures,a comparative study

Introduction  Fractures of the olecranon are among the most common injuries involving the upper extremity and require operative intervention if displaced. The most commonly used method of fixation for this type of fracture is the AO tension band wiring, although the results of this technique have been generally good, still problems have occurred, including loss of fixation, nonunion, and high re-operation rate for hardware removal. Aim of the study  To compare the results of treatment of displaced fractures of the olecranon using AO tension band wiring versus intramedullary screw with tension band. Materials and methods  In a prospective study, 30 patients with transverse or oblique olecranon fractures, were randomly divided into two equal groups, one group treated using AO tension band wiring the other group using an intramedullary cancellous screw plus tension band. Results  In the screw plus tension band group, 11 (73.3%) patients had excellent results, four (26.7%) had good results and none had fair or poor results, only one(6.6%) patient required second operation for removal of prominent hardware. In the AO tension band group, six (40%) patients had excellent results, five (33.3%) had good, three (20%) had fair and one (6.7%) patient had poor result, and eight patients (53.3%) required second operation for removal of prominent hardware. Conclusion  Using an intramedullary screw combined with tension band in treatment of displaced transverse and oblique olecranon fractures gives better clinical results and has much less re-operation rate for removal of hardware when compared to AO tension band wire fixation, avoiding costs, work time loss and possible complications from hardware removal.     

Cyclic loading of olecranon fracture fixation constructs

BACKGROUND: Despite the good results that are usually reported after fixation at the sites of olecranon fractures and osteotomies, problems such as loss of fixation, nonunion, and the need for revision surgery are still encountered. Various types of fixation have been recommended, but few have been evaluated with use of clinically relevant cyclic load testing at appropriate levels of stress. The purpose of the present study was to test multiple olecranon fixation techniques under physiologic cyclic loads. METHODS: We studied ten cadaveric elbows with use of cyclic loading that simulated (1) active range of motion and (2) pushing up from a chair. Each specimen underwent fixation of a simulated 50% transverse olecranon fracture with use of intramedullary and cortically fixed tension band constructs (in randomized order) followed by fixation with a 7.3-mm-diameter cancellous screw with and without a tension band. Displacement transducers were placed posteriorly on the tension side and anteriorly near the articular surface. RESULTS: Both configurations involving the 7.3-mm-diameter cancellous screw provided the most stable fixation-nearly five times better than that provided by the Kirschner-wire techniques. Use of the tension band in conjunction with the intramedullary screw improved the stability of fixation. In none of the constructs did the AO tension band result in compression across the osteotomy gap. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of a 7.3-mm screw in conjunction with a tension band provided better fixation of simulated displaced transverse fractures than did the use of Kirschner wires in conjunction with a tension band or the use of a screw only. The AO principle of converting posterior tensile forces to articular compressive forces was not demonstrated in this study. We therefore question the validity of the tension band concept in olecranon fracture fixation and recommend passive rather than active range of motion in the immediate postoperative period to limit fracture distraction.     

Comparative fatigue strengths and stabilities of metacarpal internal fixation techniques

To study quantitative differences in the fatigue strength and stability obtained with 5 types of internal fixation of metacarpal fractures, 105 preserved human metacarpals were cyclically tested in bending, torsion, and axial loading after oblique osteotomies of the metacarpal and internal fixation. The dorsal plate with lag screw was superior in all modes, followed by the two dorsal lag screws, crossed Kirschner wire tension banding, and intramedullary Kirschner wire fixation. The five intramedullary and the paired intramedullary Kirschner wire fixations were not statistically different. The fatigue life of the plate fixation was significantly larger in bending (1.5 times), torsion (1.6 times), and axial loading (2.5 times) than the second strongest fixation, two dorsal lag screws. Its initial rigidity was significantly higher in axial loading (1.5 times) but was not statistically different in bending and torsion.     

国产可吸收螺钉在尺骨鹰嘴骨折中的临床应用

目的 探讨国产聚-DL-乳酸可吸收螺钉治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的效果. 方法 1999年12月至2006年12月,对54例尺骨鹰嘴骨折分别采用国产聚-DL-乳酸可吸收螺钉(22例)和张力带钢丝(32例)同定,对两组的疗效进行对比.结果 所有患者均一期愈合,随访7～49个月(平均24.8个月).按照Weseley标准评定肘关节功能:螺钉组优良率为90.9%(20/22).无肘后疼痛及局部隆起,螺钉致上尺桡关节固定1例,术后5个月时旋转功能完全恢复.1例伴尺桡骨中段骨折者于术后2周复查X线片时发现鹰嘴骨折部内固定失效,骨折块分离移位,改行张力带钢丝固定,术后12个月复查,肘关节功能为良.张力带组优良率为93.8%(30/32),无内固定失效,肘后隆起伴活动时刺痛9例(28.1%),X线片显示克氏针退针3例(9.4%).所有患者均在手术后8～15个月内行第二次手术,取出内固定物.经非参数检验(Wilcoxon检验),两组优良率差异无统计学意义(W=845.0,P=0.485). 结论 国产聚-DL-乳酸可吸收螺钉完全能用于治疗尺骨鹰嘴横形、斜形及骨块较大且相对完整的粉碎性骨折,且效果满意.由于可吸收螺钉能完全降解,避免二次手术,在减少患者治疗时间和费用、更快恢复原有工作方面具有明显的优势.     

Fixation method for treatment of unstable distal clavicle fracture: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Surgical management is recommended for unstable distal clavicle fractures. A variety of methods have been previously reported, but there is no current consensus regarding which method is most suitable. Therefore, we have conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare postoperative shoulder function and complications between different fixation methods to identify which class of fixation is best for unstable distal clavicle fractures. We searched the literature systematically using eligibility criteria of all comparative studies that compared postoperative outcomes of coracoclavicular fixation (tight rope, screw or endobutton), hook plating, plate and screws, tension band wiring and transacromial pinning fixation for unstable distal clavicle fractures from PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases up to February 10, 2018. Two reviewers independently extracted data. A network meta-analysis was applied to combine direct and indirect evidence and to estimate the relative effects of the treatment options. The probability of being the best treatment was estimated using surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA). Ten comparative studies (n?=?505 patients) with one RCT study (n?=?42) met the inclusion criteria. Intervention included coracoclavicular fixation (n?=?111 patients), hook plating (n?=?300 patients), plate and screws (n?=?41 patients), tension band wiring (n?=?81 patients) and transacromial pinning (n?=?14 patients). A network meta-analysis showed that CM scores of coracoclavicular fixation were significantly higher when compared to hook plate and tension band wiring, with pooled mean of 2.98 (95% CI 0.05–5.91) and 7.11 (95% CI 3.04–11.18). For UCLA, CC fixation and plate and screw fixation had significantly higher scores compared to hook plating fixation with a mean score 2.22 (95% CI 0.44–3.99) and 3.20 (95% CI 0.28–6.12), respectively. In terms of complications, plate and screw fixation had lower risk with RRs of 0.63 (95% CI 0.20–1.98), 0.37 (95% CI 0.19–0.72), 0.11 (95% CI 0.04–0.30) and 0.02 (95% CI 0.002–0.16) when compared to coracoclavicular fixation, hook plating, tension band wiring and transacromial pinning. The SUCRA probabilities of CC fixation were in the first rank with 96.8% for CMS, while plate and screw fixation were in the first rank with 67.7 and 93.8% for UCLA score and complications. We recommend using plate and screw and CC fixation as the first- and second-line treatment of unstable distal clavicle fractures. As the quality of studies for this meta-analysis was not high, larger and higher-quality randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these conclusions for informed clinical decision making.     

Functional outcome following treatment of transolecranon fracture-dislocation of the elbow

Elbow fracture-dislocations are considered as difficult injuries to treat. Anterior olecranon fracture-dislocation consist an uncommon pattern which is likely to be under-diagnosed. Eight patients identified as anterior fracture-dislocation of the elbow were retrospectively reviewed. There were seven men and one woman with an average age of 35 years (range, 22-58 years). Proximal ulna fracture was comminuted in seven and simple oblique in one patient. Associated fractures were of coronoid in four and radial head in two. Reconstruction plate was used in seven patients and tension band wiring in just one. Nevertheless, tension wiring failed and was successfully revised to plate fixation combined with bone graft. Patients were followed for an average of 37.4 months (range, 10-50 months). The end results were two excellent, five good and one fair, based on Broberg and Morrey scale. An average score of 89 points was obtained using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons elbow scoring system. Treatment of anterior olecranon fracture dislocation is mostly satisfactory if contour and dimension of greater sigmoid notch is accurately restored.