关节镜下膝关节内骨折的微创治疗

目的探讨在关节镜下行髌骨、股骨髁、胫骨平台、前后交叉韧带胫骨止点复位、内固定术的临床效果及手术适应证。方法对13例髌骨骨折、8例胫骨平台骨折、6例股骨髁骨折患者在关节镜观察下,皮外钳夹复位、螺钉皮下内固定;前后交叉韧带胫骨止点11例,关节镜监视下行骨折复位,导向器准确钻孔,6号聚乙烯缝线捆绑固定。结果全部患者随访9～22个月,平均16个月。41例患者术后3d肿胀消退,1例因关节内液体渗漏,术后肿胀严重,7d肿胀消退,42例术后6周伸屈功能正常,术后2个月骨折线模糊,6个月均已骨性愈合。结论该术式伤口小、血运损伤少、骨折愈合快、关节功能恢复快,可以同时治疗关节内附属结构损伤,适合于部分B型和部分C型胫骨平台、髌骨骨折,部份B型股骨髁骨折,所有前后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折和膝关节内软骨骨折。     

胫骨平台内后髁合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨胫骨平台内后髁合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折的损伤机制和手术治疗.方法 收治胫骨平台内后髁合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折11例.采用改良膝关节后内切口,切开复位支撑钢板内固定.结果 随访8～18个月,骨折均愈合.术后1年膝关节伸直-5～5°.平均-2°;屈曲90°～135°,平均119°,1例残留Ⅰ度前抽屉试验阳性.HSS评分平均为91.6分.结论 胫骨平台内后髁骨折与前交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折有较高关联性,手术治疗疗效优良.     

胫骨平台后外侧髁骨折腓骨小头上入路设计及临床应用

目的 通过尸体解剖设计腓骨小头上入路,并用于治疗胫骨平台后外侧髁骨折,探讨其临床应用的可行性及优缺点.方法 解剖冰冻成人膝关节10个,观察膝关节外侧重要结构的相关性,膝关节屈曲过程对外侧副韧带紧张度的影响,测量腓骨小头关节面上缘至胫骨平台关节面外侧缘距离(OA)、外侧副韧带与关节面水平交点至胫骨平台关节面外侧缘距离(OB).根据解剖学测量设计腓骨小头上入路,并临床应用于胫骨平台后外侧髁骨折患者12例.男8例,女4例;年龄28～52岁,平均41.5岁.通过腓骨小头上入路行骨折复位及内固定,评估其近期临床疗效.结果 OA为9.43～14.92 mm,平均(12.97±1.83) mm.当膝关节在0°位时外侧副韧带紧张,OB为(4.87±0.33) mm;屈膝时OB随外侧副韧带松弛而增大,屈膝60°时最为松弛,向后侧牵拉外侧副韧带同时稍内旋胫骨可完整显露后外侧髁.临床应用病例术后随防6～24个月,平均18个月.骨愈合时间8～12周,平均10.2周.Rasmussen膝关节功能恢复评分为优10例、良2例.无肢体麻木、关节不稳及内固定松动等并发症.结论 经腓骨小头上入路治疗胫骨后外侧髁骨折可行,操作简单安全.     

胫骨平台骨折合并周围韧带损伤治疗探讨

目的 分析胫骨平台骨折术后随访病例膝关节稳定性的变化，探讨胫骨平台骨折合并周围韧带损伤的发生率及早期诊断和处理措施。方法 对2000年1月～2003年6月期间在我院治疗的不同类型胫骨平台骨折进行回顾，对有随访的57例良好复位的平台骨折病例膝关节稳定度进行分析。结果 随访6个月～2.5年，平均15个月，未见明显膝关节不稳现象，总结出本组病例膝关节稳定性良好的原因：①胫骨平台骨折合并周围韧带损伤发生率低；②胫骨平台骨折合并韧带损伤程度轻；③解剖复位及坚强内固定；④术后良好制动及正确的康复训练指导。结论 胫骨平台骨折合并周围韧带完全断裂的发生率较低，韧带不全损伤非手术治疗可获得良好疗效。     

胫骨平台骨折的诊疗进展

胫骨平台骨折是一种常见的较大负重关节的关节内骨折,又被称为胫骨近端关节内骨折、胫骨近端骨折、胫骨近端关节面骨折、胫骨髁骨折等,其常伴有关节面塌陷、半月板、韧带等损伤,多见于高能量损伤如交通事故、高处坠落等,亦可见于低能量损伤如运动伤,尤其多见于骨质疏松的老年人。     

胫骨平台后内髁劈裂骨折的手术治疗

目的:探讨膝关节后内侧入路手术复位内固定治疗胫骨平台后内髁劈裂骨折的临床疗效。方法:2006年1月至2009年7月,采用后侧入路手术治疗胫骨平台后内髁劈裂骨折获得随访的患者21例,男14例,女7例;年龄28～68岁,平均36.9岁。致伤原因:车祸伤14例,高处坠落伤7例。合并伤:合并前交叉韧带损伤15例,均为胫骨平台止点撕脱;合并胫骨平台后外侧塌陷骨折14例。采用膝关节后内侧入路手术复位内固定治疗,术后据Rasmussen膝关节功能评定方法评定疗效。结果:21例均获随访,时间12～30个月,平均17.3个月。无切口感染,无内固定松动及断裂,无骨不愈合,无膝关节内、外翻畸形和骨折再移位。术后后内髁骨折均达解剖复位,1例术后小腿内下方感觉麻木。术后根据Rasmussen膝关节功能评定标准:优12例,良7例,可2例。结论:膝关节后内侧手术治疗胫骨平台后内髁劈裂骨折,有利于平台后内髁骨折的复位和固定,具有暴露清楚、内固定安放方便、创伤小及临床疗效好等优点。     

如何提高胫骨平台骨折的诊治水平

胫骨平台骨折是临床上常见的关节内骨折,约占全身骨折的1%。骨折的复杂性及较高的并发症使胫骨平台骨折成为临床研究的热点和难点。严重的胫骨平台骨折可合并关节内结构如半月板、交叉韧带的损伤,以及关节外稳定结构如侧副韧带的损伤。当关节面塌陷移位〉5 mm时,包括半月板、侧副韧带、     

带线锚钉手术治疗胫骨平台关节面后缘撕脱性骨折

胫骨平台关节面后侧撕脱性骨折常累及胫骨平台关节面后缘、内外髁,同时常合并有后交叉韧带止点骨折[1]。2006年7月～2009年7月,笔者采用后路切开复位双股带线锚钉内固定术治疗9例胫骨平台关节面后缘撕脱性骨折患者,     

经后侧入路治疗胫骨平台后侧骨折伴后交叉韧带止点骨折

胫骨平台后侧骨折比较特殊,主要累及胫骨内、外侧髁的后1/3.其中较多患者常合并后交叉韧带(PCL)胫骨止点骨折.笔者自2004年5月～2007年5月,收治7例此种骨折,均采用后侧入路直视下复位内固定治疗,获得满意疗效.     

膝关节后脱位髌骨置留股骨髁后1例报告

患者 ,男 ,38岁 ,司机 ,因车肇事致伤左膝关节。查体 :左膝关节中度肿胀前后径增大。置于过伸 10°位。膝前可触及髌骨近端及股骨髁 ,胫骨近端压痛 ,可触及骨擦音及异常活动 ,足背及胫后动脉搏动有力。各足趾血运、感觉良好 ,活动自如。X线片显示 :髌骨骨折 ,髌骨远端与胫骨平台后移脱位至股骨髁后胫骨平台骨折 (见图 1)。入院后行手术切开复位 ,术中见髌骨远折端正嵌于股骨髁后 ,上提股骨髁拉出髌骨远端 ,复位膝关节 ,见前后交叉韧带于股骨髁附着处断裂。修复前后交叉韧带 ,髌骨行张力带固定 ,胫骨平台用螺丝钉固定(见图 2 )。术毕膝关节…     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.