后路减压联合不同融合节段固定治疗退变性脊柱侧凸疗效分析

目的比较后路减压联合短节段或长节段融合对退变性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法回顾分析随访2年以上退变性脊柱侧凸患者44例,均行后路减压椎弓根螺钉固定融合手术,根据融合范围分为短节段组和长节段组。记录2组患者术前、术后即刻、末次随访的影像学参数和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disabiliby index,ODI）评分。结果 2组平均融合节段分别为2.8和5.8个,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。术前短节段组平均侧凸Cobb角为15.9°,长节段组为23.5°;术后Cobb角矫正率分别为23%和61%,手术前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。长节段较短节段融合对冠状面失平衡和侧方滑脱改善明显,但2种手术方式对腰椎前凸及矢状面失平衡矫形效果无显著差异。长节段融合早期并发症较短节段融合高。2组患者手术前后ODI评分无明显差异。结论侧凸Cobb角较小、保持良好脊柱平衡的退变性脊柱侧凸患者可选择后路减压联合短节段融合手术,Cobb角较大或严重侧方滑脱的患者选择长节段融合可提高矫形效果,严重矢状面失衡的患者可考虑行截骨矫形手术。     

小切口短节段TLIF治疗腰椎退变性侧凸的早期疗效

目的探讨小切口短节段经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合（TLIF）技术治疗腰椎退变性侧凸（LDS）的早期疗效。方法 2011年1月至2012年12月广州医科大学附属第一医院采用小切口短节段TLIF治疗26例LDS患者。按视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分标准评估患者术后疼痛缓解情况,比较手术前后冠状面Cobb角、腰椎前凸角的差异,评估末次随访VAS评分改善率、Cobb角矫正率及腰椎前凸角改善率,计算末次随访椎间融合率。结果随访时间6~17个月（平均12.1个月）。术后6个月和末次随访时,VAS评分分别为（3.0±0.8）分和（3.0±1.1）分,较术前的（8.0±0.9）分明显降低（P〈0.05）;末次随访VAS评分改善率为62.5%。末次随访Cobb角较术前有明显改善[（7.7±2.8）°vs（17.3±5.5）°,P〈0.05],矫正率为55.5%;末次随访腰椎前凸角明显优于术前[（36.8±4.5）°vs（18.1±4.6）°,P〈0.05],改善率为103.3%。末次随访植骨融合率达100%。结论小切口短节段TLIF治疗LDS早期疗效确切,可有效缓解患者腰腿痛症状,纠正侧凸并改善腰椎前凸,椎间融合率高。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸术后远端节段楔形变危险因素分析

目的分析与青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）患者术后长期随访时融合区下方邻近节段楔形变相关的术后即刻影像学参数,指导手术治疗。方法 2003年3月～2006年1月连续收治的64名诊断为LenkeⅠ型或Ⅱ型的AIS患者纳入分析,所有患者采用后路全椎弓根螺钉系统手术治疗。术前、术后2周及术后末次随访（≥术后2年）时记录各项影像学数据,主要包括冠状面指标、矢状面指标、肩平衡指标及融合区平衡指标。分析这些指标与术后末次随访时融合区下方邻近节段成角及楔形变的相关性。结果融合区下方椎间隙成角术前为4.59°±4.75°,术后2周为1.46°±2.82°,末次随访时为2.81°±6.43°。末次随访时的融合区下方椎间隙成角与术后即刻椎间隙成角、矢状面平衡以及融合下终椎偏移相关（r2=0.743 3,P〈0.01）。末次随访时的融合下终椎倾斜与术后即刻的下终椎成角、远端末融合节段前凸、下终椎偏移以及冠状面平衡相关（r2=0.887 9,P〈0.01）。结论应用全椎弓螺钉系统矫形时,当脊柱侧凸矫形术后融合区下方邻近的椎间隙成角、下终椎倾斜或偏移时,极易发生术后远期的邻近节段倾斜或椎间隙楔形变。术前完善的手术策略制定、术中保持融合下终椎水平对于防止术后下方邻近节段退变相当重要。     

退变性脊柱侧凸长节段固定矫形融合术后冠状面失平衡相关危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨退变性脊柱侧凸患者长节段固定矫形融合术后冠状面失平衡的相关危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2014年1月～2017年2月在我院行长节段固定矫形融合术并具有完整影像学及随访资料的61例退变性脊柱侧凸患者。男24例,女37例;年龄53～78岁（59.0±6.1岁）;按鼓楼医院退变性脊柱侧凸分型：A型31例,B型19例,C型11例。固定融合范围：T10~L5 18例,T10~S1 6例,T10~S2 6例,T12~L5 14例,L1~L5 8例,L1~S1 7例,L2~S1 2例。随访18~85个月（平均36.4个月）,根据末次随访时冠状面平衡情况将其分为平衡组和失平衡组,比较两组术前和末次随访时的主弯Cobb角、冠状平衡距离（CBD）、畸形矫正率和术前L5倾斜度、畸形分型、腰弯顶椎位置、顶椎旋转度、截骨级别、固定节段及数量、远端固定椎、腰骶弯Cobb角、主弯Cobb角与腰骶弯Cobb角比值等,将具有统计学差异的指标进行二元Logistic回归分析。结果：61例患者中,末次随访时8例出现冠状面失平衡加重或新发失平衡。两组患者术前主弯Cobb角、CBD、顶椎旋转度、腰弯顶椎位置、截骨级别、固定节段及数量、远端固定椎无统计学差异（P>0.05）,术前腰骶弯Cobb角、术前主弯Cobb角与腰骶弯Cobb角比值、术前L5倾斜角、术后主弯Cobb角、术后CBD、畸形矫正率及畸形分型有统计学差异（P<0.05）。二元逻辑回归分析显示术后冠状面失平衡与术前主弯Cobb角、术前腰骶弯Cobb角、术前L5倾斜度呈正相关,OR值分别为1.158、1.210、1.322（P<0.05）,与畸形矫正率、顶椎旋转度、固定节段数量无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论：退变性脊柱侧凸长节段固定矫形融合术后可出现冠状面失平衡,术前主弯及腰骶弯Cobb角较大、L5倾斜角较大是退变性脊柱侧凸术后冠状面失平衡或原有失平衡加重的危险因素。     

退变性腰椎侧凸合并多节段腰椎管狭窄的手术治疗

[目的]探讨多节段开窗椎管潜行扩大减压、椎体间及后外侧植骨融合内固定治疗退变性腰椎侧凸合并多节段腰椎管狭窄的临床疗效。[方法]回顾分析2003年4月~2013年6月收治的35例退变性腰椎侧凸合并多节段腰椎管狭窄患者施行多节段开窗椎管潜行扩大减压、椎体间及后外侧植骨融合内固定术,必要时辅助对侧椎板间小开窗减压。术前腰椎Cobb角24.2°±9.6°,腰椎侧凸角21.2°±8.8°,VAS评分(8.4±1.9)分,JOA评分(11.3±4.2)分。评价术前、末次随访时腰椎Cobb角及腰椎前凸角的矫正及维持情况,根据术前、末次随访时VAS评分、JOA评分评价临床疗效。[结果]本组患者未出现死亡、瘫痪、中枢神经系统感染等严重并发症,肺部感染、泌尿系统感染、术口愈合不良、术后神经症状等经积极处理后均得到治愈。35例患者均获得随访,术后随访12~60个月,平均19个月。末次随访时腰椎Cobb角减小至9.2°±4.5°,腰椎前凸角增加至33.8°±8.6°,矫正率分别为61.9%、37.2%,较术前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);末次随访时VAS、JOA评分分别为(2.8±1.5)分、(27.8±4.5)分,改善率分别为66.6%、93%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]多节段开窗椎管潜行扩大减压、椎体间及后外侧植骨融合内固定术,必要时辅助对侧椎板间小开窗减压治疗退变性腰椎侧凸合并多节段腰椎管狭窄安全,脊柱畸形的矫正和维持以及临床症状的改善令人满意。     

短节段减压融合治疗退变性腰椎侧凸症术后侧凸影像学发展的观察研究

目的研究短节段减压融合手术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸(DLS)后侧凸有无进展。方法2007-02-2010-02间对本院行后路短节段手术固定及保守治疗的退变性腰椎侧凸症患者进行门诊随访,并收集患者VAS、ODI评分和影像学检查资料。结果两组各43/70例患者完成平均51.3个月的随访,至末次随访时对照组VAS、ODI、Cobb角均有明显加重,且24例患者接受手术治疗;手术组Cobb角较术后初期有明显加重,但进展小于对照组。结论短节段手术治疗DLS术后能延迟侧凸的自然进展,固定节段数和是否包括顶椎区是影响术后侧凸进展的重要因素。     

腰椎后路节段减压植骨内固定治疗退变性腰椎侧凸

目的评价腰椎后路节段减压植骨内固定治疗退变性腰椎侧凸的临床效果。方法自2009年9月-2010年12月采用腰椎后路节段减压植骨内固定手术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸53例。根据JOA评分标准评估患者术后神经功能的恢复情况,通过X线片观察腰椎前凸角、侧凸角的改善情况。结果随访3-12个月,平均随访时间8个月。末次随访JOA评分改善率平均为85．2％。优34例,良14例,可5例,优良率90．6％。腰椎侧凸Cobb’S角由术前的（30．5．4-6．1）。矫正到末次随访的（12．3±4．1）;腰椎前凸角由术前的（15.2±4．6）。矫正到末次随访的（32．1±7．3）。无矫正角度明显丢失及内固定物失效。结论腰椎后路节段减压植骨内固定手术是治疗退变性腰椎侧凸的一种有效方法。     

后入路责任节段矫形减压融合治疗退变性腰椎侧凸

目的探讨后入路矫形减压融合责任节段治疗退变性腰椎侧凸的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2000年5月~2010年7月收治的退变性腰椎侧凸59例,均对责任节段进行矫形减压融合治疗,并记录分析患者术前及术后腰椎侧凸角度及Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)的评分情况。结果术后侧凸Cobb角矫正至8.5~18.4°,平均矫正率为59.2%,临床疗效评价采用ODI:优39例,良10例,可8例,差2例。结论针对责任节段进行矫形减压融合术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸安全有效,治疗的关键是准确判定与处理责任节段,并针对术后病情发展变化做相应处理。     

后路间隔置钉治疗Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

目的 探讨后路矫形侧间隔置钉、支撑侧每隔1或2个节段置钉治疗Lenke 5型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年6月—2012年12月本院收治的20例Lenke 5型AIS患者的影像学资料.术前、术后1周及末次随访时测量胸椎及腰椎Cobb角、冠状面平衡、矢状面平衡、双肩高度差、顶椎偏移(AVT),近端固定椎(UIV)及远端固定椎(LIV)倾斜角、LIV下终板与其下位椎体上终板间的夹角(∠α)、颈椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角及腰椎前凸角.计算术前胸椎和腰椎侧凸的柔韧度、术后Cobb角的矫正率及双侧平均置钉密度.结果 所有手术顺利完成.所有患者随访3.6～12.6年,平均7.3年.术前胸椎及腰椎平均柔韧度分别为74％和67％.平均固定节段7.6个,平均置钉密度矫形侧为59％、支撑侧为43％.术后1周及末次随访时腰椎和胸椎Cobb角、UIV和LIV倾斜角及腰椎AVT较术前明显减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 后路矫形侧间隔置钉、支撑侧每隔1或2个节段置钉治疗柔韧度较高的Lenke 5型AIS可获得满意的矢状面及冠状面矫形效果,该方法明显减少了置钉数量、手术时间和术中创伤,同时减轻了患者的经济负担.     

腰椎短节段椎弓根螺钉固定术后近端邻近节段前凸原因分析

目的 分析腰椎后路椎弓根螺钉固定术后近端邻近节段前凸的可能原因,探讨合理的应对措施.方法 回顾分析2001年12月至2005年8月345例进行腰椎后路椎弓根螺钉患者,根据Oswestry功能障碍指数评价患者的临床效果,影像学检查观察近端邻近节段前凸情况,测量邻近节段椎间角、腰前凸角、腰骶角,并分析年龄、融合节段范围、腰骶力线对近端邻近节段前凸形成的影响.结果 全部患者随访2～6年(平均3.8年),术后Oswestry功能障碍指数为9.7～46.2(平均19.6±10.7).78例(22.6%)术后出现近端邻近节段前凸,37例(10.7%)出现临床症状,21例(6.1%)接受再次手术.年龄大于60岁、术后腰前凸减小、垂直骶骨的患者近端椎间角前凸发生率较高,而与固定节段数目无明显关系.结论 腰椎短节段后路固定对恢复生理曲度无明显作用,年龄大于60岁、腰前凸减小、骶骨垂直可能是近端邻近节段前凸的危险因素.     

后路凸凹侧双棒同步矫形在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸矫治中的应用

目的 探讨后路凸凹双侧矫形棒同步矫形技术在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)外科矫治中的应用价值及疗效.方法 2006年2月至2008年8月采用后路凸凹侧双棒同步矫形技术治疗AIS 48例,其中男性16例,女性32例;年龄11～24岁,平均17.1岁.Lenke分型:Ⅰ型17例、Ⅱ型9例、Ⅲ型14例、Ⅳ型8例.行选择性胸弯融合27例,非选择性融合21例.观测手术前后冠状Cobb角、顶椎偏距、顶椎旋转、躯干偏移、尾端融合椎旋转、倾斜角、椎间角、矢状面平衡变化,评价侧凸矫正效果及脊柱平衡状况.结果 术后随访12～27个月,平均15.1个月.选择性融合患者末次随访胸、腰弯Cobb角平均矫正率分别为(76±11)%、(72±9)%.非选择性融合术患者末次随访胸、腰弯Cobb角平均矫正率分别为(74±15)%、(69±9)%.所有病例尾侧保留脊柱活动节段平均4.4个.1例因术中定位错误发生近端交界性后凸行翻修术.其余病例末次随访无脊柱失代偿,无假关节形成、神经损伤等并发症.结论 应用后路凸凹双侧矫形棒同步矫形治疗AIS,有助于提高矫形效果,重建和维持脊柱平衡,减少尾侧融合节段.     

Short fusion versus long fusion for degenerative lumbar scoliosis

The extent of fusion for degenerative lumbar scoliosis has not yet been determined. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of short fusion versus long fusion for degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Fifty patients (mean age 65.5 ± 5.1 years) undergoing decompression and fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation were evaluated. Short fusion was defined as fusion within the deformity, not exceeding the end vertebra. Long fusion was defined as fusion extended above the upper end vertebra. The lower end vertebra was included in the fusion in all the patients. The short fusion group included 28 patients and the long fusion group included 22 patients. Patients’ age and number of medical co-morbidities were similar in both the groups. The number of levels fused was 3.1 ± 0.9 segments in the short fusion group and 6.5 ± 1.5 in the long fusion group. Before surgery, the average Cobb angle was 16.3° (range 11–28°) in the short fusion group and 21.7° (range 12–33°) in the long fusion group. The correction of the Cobb angle averaged 39% in the short fusion group and 72% in the long fusion group with a statistical difference (P = 0.001). Coronal imbalance improved significantly in the long fusion group more than in the short fusion group (P = 0.03). The correction of lateral listhesis was better in the long fusion group (P = 0.02). However, there was no difference in the correction of lumbar lordosis and sagittal imbalance between the two groups. Ten of the 50 patients had additional posterolateral lumbar interbody fusion at L4-5 or L5-S1. The interbody fusion had a positive influence in improving lumbar lordosis, but was ineffective at restoring sagittal imbalance. Early perioperative complications were likely to develop in the long fusion group. Late complications included adjacent segment disease, loosening of screws, and pseudarthrosis. Adjacent segment disease developed in ten patients in the short fusion group, and in five patients in the long fusion group. In the short fusion group, adjacent segment disease occurred proximally in all of the ten patients. Loosening of distal screws developed in three patients, and pseudarthrosis at L5-S1 in one patient in the long fusion group. Reoperation was performed in four patients in the long fusion group and three patients in the short fusion group. In conclusion, short fusion is sufficient for patients with small Cobb angle and good spinal balance. For patients with severe Cobb angle and rotatory subluxation, long fusion should be carried out to minimize adjacent segment disease. For patients who have severe sagittal imbalance, spinal osteotomy is an alternative technique to be considered. As long fusion is likely to increase early perioperative complications, great care should be taken for high-risk patients to avoid complications.     

退行性脊柱侧凸后路矫形术35例远期随访

目的 回顾退行性脊柱侧凸后路矫形术后的远期临床效果,分析晚期并发症的发生原因,探讨合理的应对措施.方法 回顾1997年9月至2002年9月,采用后路椎问融合器结合经椎弓根螺钉治疗退行性脊柱侧凸35例.按照Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价临床效果,影像学检查评价术后融合节段以及邻近节段病变,测量侧凸冠状位Cobb角、腰前凸角,脊柱冠状面平衡,并分析融合范围、脊柱力线与远期并发症的关系.结果 术后ODI为17.8～62.2(平均34.7),患者对手术的主观满意率为71.4%.13例患者发生远期并发症,发生率为37.1%,10例出现临床症状,6例进行翻修手术,4例拒绝再次手术.远期并发症包括:近端交界区侧凸4例、近端交界区后凸4例、近端椎体压缩骨折1例、融合区假关节形成1例、远端椎管狭窄2例,螺钉松动1例.交界性后凸与脊柱力线异常无明显关系,融合至L1及以下邻近节段病变发生率(9/18)明显高于融合至T12以上(4/17).结论 退行性脊柱侧凸后路矫形远期并发症较高,术前应仔细评价脊柱力线情况,为减少远期近端交界性侧凸,近端可融合至T12以上.     

Is there a role for selective anterior instrumentation in neuromuscular scoliosis?

Our objective was to report on the clinical and radiological outcome from a cohort of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis who underwent selective anterior single rod instrumentation for correction of thoraco-lumbar and lumbar scoliosis. Traditionally combined anterior release with long posterior instrumentation has been advocated for the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis. Neuromuscular curves tend to be long and may have significant pelvic obliquity. However, certain neuromuscular curves with minimal pelvic obliquity may lend themselves to selective anterior correction thereby saving motion segments and allow continued ambulation for those patients. Nine patients with neuromuscular scoliosis underwent selective anterior instrumentation between 1994 and 2000. The mean follow up was 2 years and 9 months (range 24–55 months). The clinical outcome (including parent and caregiver satisfaction), radiological outcome (Cobb angle, apical vertebral translation, pelvic obliquity, truncal shift, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sagittal vertical axis) and complications are reported. Subjective outcome was excellent in six patients and good in three. All nine patients retained their ability to walk. There were no neurological or vascular complications. Supplementary posterior surgery was required in two patients. The mean pre-operative Cobb angle of 52° (range 44–60) improved to 20° (range 10–28) at 3 months, achieving Cobb angle correction of 61% and was 19° (range 7–28) at final follow-up. The mean pre-operative compensatory curve of 31° (range 20–42) spontaneously corrected to 18° (range 14–24) at 3 months and was maintained at 18° (range 10–26) at final follow up. The mean pre-operative pelvic obliquity of 7° (range 0–14) corrected to 4° (range 0–8) at 3 months and was 3° (range 0–8) at final follow up. Selective anterior instrumentation and fusion in carefully selected patients with neuromuscular scoliosis (short flexible curves, minimal pelvic obliquity, pre-operative walkers, slow or non-progressive pathology) appears to have satisfactory clinical and radiological outcome at least in the short-term.     

Radiographic evaluation of selective anterior thoracolumbar or lumbar fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

According to Lenke classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), patients with type 5 curve in which the structural major curve is thoracolumbar or lumbar curve with nonstructural proximal thoracic and main thoracic curves, could be surgically treated with selective anterior thoracolumbar or lumbar (TL/L) fusion. This study retrospectively analyzed the radiographies of selective anterior TL/L fusion in 35 cases of AIS with Lenke type 5 curve. Segmental fixation with a single rigid rod through anterior thoracoabdominal approach was applied in all patients. Measurements of scoliosis curve in preoperative, immediate postoperative and follow-up radiographies were analyzed. The average follow up time was 36 months (24-42 months). The average preoperative Cobb angle of the TL/L curve was 45.6 degrees and improved into 9.7 degrees immediate postoperatively, with 79.7% curve correction. In addition, the minor thoracic curve decreased from 29.7 degrees preoperatively to 17.6 degrees postoperatively, with a spontaneous correction of 41.5%. During the follow-up, a loss of 4.6 degrees correction was found and the average Cobb angle of TL/L increased to 14.4 degrees . Also, the minor thoracic curve increased to average 20.1 degrees with a loss of 2.4 degrees correction. Trunk shift deteriorated slightly immediate postoperatively and improved at the follow-up. The lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) tilt was improved significantly and maintained its results at the follow-up. During the follow-up, the coronal disc angle immediately above the upper instrumented vertebra (UIVDA) and below the LIV (LIVDA) aggravated, while the sagittal contours of T5-T12 and T10-L2 were well maintained. The lumbar lordosis of L1-S1 and the sagittal Cobb angle of the instrumented segments were reduced slightly postoperatively and at the follow-up. There were no major complications or pseudarthrosis. The outcomes of this study show that selective anterior thoracolumbar or lumbar fusion with solid rod instrumentation is effective for surgical correction of AIS with Lenke type 5 curve. The TL/L curve, minor thoracic curve, and LIV title can be improved significantly, with good maintenance of sagittal contour. However, the UIVDA and LIVDA aggravate postoperatively when the trunk rebalances itself during follow-up. The degeneration of LIV disc warrants longer-term follow-up.     

Selection of proximal fusion level for adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis

Introduction

There is controversy regarding the appropriate proximal fusion level for adult degenerative scoliosis. Ideally, the horizontal vertebra is chosen for the upper instrumented vertebra to create a balanced spine. Fusion to T10 is recommended to prevent junctional problems at the proximal adjacent segment. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the optimal proximal fusion level for adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis.

Materials and Methods

Fifty-one patients with adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis (mean age 64.6 years) who underwent posterior instrumentation were analyzed after a minimum 2-year follow-up. The average number of levels fused was 5.9 segments (range 3–9) with distal fusion at L5 in 30 patients and S1 in 21 patients. The upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) ranged from T9 to L2. According to the relationship between UIV, horizontal vertebra (HV) and upper end vertebra (UEV), the patients were divided into three groups in the coronal plane: Group HV (UIV = HV or above); Group HV–UEV (UIV = between HV and UEV); and Group UEV (UIV = UEV or below). In the sagittal plane; the patients were divided into Group T9–10 (UIV = T9–10), Group T11–12 and Group L1–2.

Results

Proximal adjacent segment disease (ASD) was identified in 13 (25 %) out of 51 patients, including junctional kyphosis (n = 5), compression fractures (n = 4), progression of disc wedging (n = 2) and spinal stenosis (n = 2). Group UEV had more ASD (9 of 16 patients) compared to Group HV (2 of 21 patients) and Group HV–UEV (2 of 14 patients). It appeared that neutral vertebra could be a criterion for the selection of UIV in the coronal plane. Among the groups divided in the sagittal plane, proximal ASD was found in 47 % of 19 patients in Group L1–2, which was notably higher than 9 % in Group T9–10 and 20 % in Group T11–12.

Conclusions

Proximal adjacent segment disease developed more commonly when the proximal fusion stopped at the UEV or below in adult degenerative lumbar scoliosis. UIV must be above UEV in the coronal plane. Fusion to T11 or T12 was acceptable when UIV was above UEV, since there was no significant difference in the rate of proximal adjacent segment between fusion to T10 and fusion to T11 or T12.     

The clinical features and surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis: A review of 112 patients

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, radiological characteristics and surgical results of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS). Methods: One hundred and twelve cases of DLS treated surgically from June 2001 to February 2006 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical features, characteristics of nerve root compression and imaging presentations. According to the preoperative clinical manifestations and imaging findings, different surgical modalities were performed, including simple nerve decompression and decompression with short or long posterior fusion (less or more than three segments, respectively). Results: The mean age of 47 male and 65 female patients was 54.7 years. Clinical manifestations included lower back pain (76.8%), radiculopathy (79.5%) and claudication (48.2%). Plain lumbar radiograph showed right scoliosis in 87 and left scoliosis in the other 25 cases; the Cobb angle was 10°–46°; the apex of scoliosis mostly located at L3 (48.2%); L3 and L4 nerve roots were usually compressed on the concave side and L5 and S1 nerve roots on the convex side. The Cobb angle and physiologic lordosis angle of patients who underwent multi‐segment (>3 segments) fusion improved to a greater extent than did that of patients who had simple decompression without fusion. A mean 5.7‐year follow‐up showed that the average improvement in Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores was 32.6, 26.3 and 13.5 for long segment fusion, short segment fusion and simple decompression without fusion, respectively. Conclusion: Decompression surgery with or without fusion, the main purpose of which is to relieve nerve root compression and stabilize the spinal column, is an effective treatment for chronic DLS. The treatment should be individualized according to the patient's age, general and economic factors, severity of deformity and other coexisting lumbar degenerative disorders.     

Analysis of lumbar lordosis in posterior spine fusions for idiopathic scoliosis

Previous reports are inconclusive regarding changes in the lumbar region after Harrington rod distraction and posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spinal fusion on the lumbar region, particularly the overall lumbar lordosis, the lumbar lordosis in and below the fused segment, the sacro-horizontal angle, and the sagittal plane alignment of the spine. Sixty-six patients under 21 years of age with idiopathic scoliosis who had spine fusion extending to the lumbar vertebrae using only Harrington distraction instrumentation were evaluated. The total lordosis, sacro-horizontal angle, and sagittal plane alignment remained relatively constant. The lordosis within the fusion decreased, and lordosis caudal to the fusion, including the last fused vertebra, increased as the lower hook placement site moved caudally.     

钉道骨水泥强化植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎侧凸

目的评价钉道骨水泥强化内固定矫形加植骨融合治疗伴骨质疏松及滑脱的腰椎退行性侧凸的中短期疗效。方法2006年6月至2011年3月采用腰椎管减压、椎间植骨和钉道骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗伴骨质疏松及滑脱的腰椎退行性侧凸患者26例。根据x线片观察术前及术后即刻、2周、3个月、1年腰椎滑脱率、腰椎生理前凸角及椎间隙高度变化,植骨融合情况;采用JOA下腰痛评分标准评价临床疗效。结果26例患者随访12-45个月,平均2年。所有患者症状减轻,JOA评分术前平均13．2分,术后随访时平均27．0分,改善率平均87．5％。术后X线片复查,所有融合椎节均获得骨性融合。腰椎侧凸Cobb角从术前平均26．6°至术后平均11．2°。融合椎间隙高度术后均明显改善,从术前平均0．14cm改善至术后平均0．45cm。术后3个月、1年复查x线片内置物无松动及断裂,滑脱不同程度纠正,植骨融合时间平均12．2周。结论对合并骨质疏松及滑脱的腰椎退行性侧凸患者,钉道骨水泥强化内固定矫形加植骨融合可有效纠正侧凸,手术前对减压、固定范围、畸形矫正与否作出明确的判断,可减少神经并发症的发生。