Relative Contribution of Gestational Weight Gain,Gestational Diabetes,and Maternal Obesity to Neonatal Fat Mass

Maternal nutritional and metabolic status influence fetal growth. This study investigated the contribution of gestational weight gain (GWG), gestational diabetes (GDM), and maternal obesity to birthweight and newborn body fat. It is a secondary analysis of a prospective study including 204 women with a pregestational body mass index (BMI) of 18.5–24.9 kg/m² and 219 women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m². GDM was screened in the second and third trimester and was treated by dietary intervention, and insulin if required. Maternal obesity had the greatest effect on skinfolds (+1.4 mm) and cord leptin (+3.5 ng/mL), but no effect on birthweight. GWG was associated with increased birthweight and skinfolds thickness, independently from GDM and maternal obesity. There was an interaction between third trimester weight gain and GDM on birthweight and cord leptin, but not with maternal obesity. On average, +1 kg in third trimester was associated with +13 g in birthweight and with +0.64 ng/mL in cord leptin, and a further 32 g and 0.89 ng/mL increase in diabetic mothers, respectively. Maternal obesity is the main contributor to neonatal body fat. There is an independent association between third trimester weight gain, birthweight, and neonatal body fat, enhanced by GDM despite intensive treatment.     

孕期营养及糖尿病筛查对妊娠期糖尿病发病的预测

目的:探讨孕期膳食及体重增长情况对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响和糖尿病筛查试验对妊娠期糖尿病发病的预测价值。方法:于2007年4月～2010年6月,在厦门市妇幼保健院营养门诊收集265例妊娠期糖尿病患者,并收集同期就诊的正常孕妇571例作为对照组。调查两组孕妇的膳食情况,动态监测孕期体重增长,探讨孕期膳食及体重增长情况对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响和糖尿病筛查试验对妊娠期糖尿病发病的预测价值。结果:①两组孕妇的一般资料具有可比性。②GDM组孕妇能量、碳水化合物、脂肪的摄入水平均高于对照组孕妇(P<0.05),并且饱和脂肪酸占能量的百分比高于对照组,单/多不饱和脂肪酸占能量的百分比低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③GDM组孕妇硒的摄入量低于对照组,维生素E的摄入量高于对照组(P<0.01)。④对年龄进行分层后,分析孕期体重增长对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响,发现除25岁前的孕妇外,GDM组的孕期体重总增长值高于对照组(P<0.05)。⑤糖尿病筛查用于预测空腹血糖水平有统计学意义(P=0.000),即糖尿病筛查值越高,空腹血糖水平高的可能性越大,面积的95%可信区间为0.767～0.878。结论:①孕期总能量和脂肪的摄入及孕期体重增长对妊娠期糖尿病的发病有影响,孕妇应当合理的控制饮食,维持体重的平稳增长。②糖尿病筛查高值提示空腹血糖高值,当糖尿病筛查结果超过10.9 mmol/L时孕妇应当先行空腹血糖测定。③加强孕期营养健康教育及围产期保健,及早进行妊娠期糖尿病筛查及系统管理,对提高母婴健康水平至关重要。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇孕期体重的动态分析

目的:探讨孕期体重增加与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性。方法:进行流行病学调查和体重测量,通过实验室检查确诊妊娠期糖尿病,观察不同孕期体重增加与GDM的关系。结果:GDM组孕妇在不同孕周的BM I均高于健康妊娠组(P0.05,P0.01);GDM组孕妇中、晚孕期增重比健康妊娠组高(P0.05,P0.01),而早孕增重不高于健康妊娠组(P0.05),同时,两组孕前BM I的等级分布无统计学差别(Z=1.64,P0.05),采用重复序列方差分析的方法,两组孕期体重指数的增加比较有统计学差异(F=494.60,P0.01)。结论:孕妇中晚孕期体重增长过快,发生GDM的可能性大。     

妊娠不同时期增重对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响

目的 探究妊娠不同时期增重对妇女妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病的影响.方法 选取130例2015年6月至2016年6月在解放军第105医院妇产科进行分娩并确诊为妊娠期糖尿病的单胎妊娠孕妇作为研究对象,分析孕期不同时期增重对糖尿病的影响,对孕期不同时期增重与GDM关系进行Logistic回归分析.结果 孕早期体重增重不足最多,占40.00%,孕中期则以增重过多为主,占45.38%,孕早中期增重总值以增重过多为主,占47.69%.孕期增重总值与孕前孕前质量指数身体质量指数(BMI)、年龄、糖尿病家族史有显著相关性(χ2值分别为14.607、11.504、0.463,均P<0.05),而与文化程度、家庭人均月收入无显著相关性(χ2值分别为0.173、1.983,均P>0.05).孕中期增重过多、孕早中期增重过多是影响GDM的主要因素(OR值分别为2.450、2.370,均P<0.05).结论 妊娠期间增重过多与GDM发病有相关性,孕妇应进行孕期体重管理,避免体重增加过多,尤其是孕中期体重增加过多.     

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Newborn Birth Weight for Mother with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

High birth weight indicates the future risk of obesity and increased fat mass in childhood. Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or overweight are powerful predictors of high birth weight. Studies on probiotic supplementation during pregnancy have reported its benefits in modulating gut microbiota composition and improving glucose and lipid metabolism in pregnant women. Therefore, probiotic intervention during pregnancy was proposed to interrupt the transmission of obesity from mothers to newborns. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of probiotic intervention in pregnant women with GDM or overweight on newborn birth weight. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to 18 December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pregnant women with GDM or overweight who received probiotic intervention during pregnancy with those receiving placebo were eligible for the analysis. Newborn birth weights were pooled to calculate the mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Two reviewers assessed the trial quality and extracted data independently. Seven RCTs involving 1093 participants were included in the analysis. Compared with the placebo, probiotics had little effect on newborn birth weight of pregnant women with GDM or overweight (mean difference = −10.27, 95% CI = −90.17 to 69.63, p = 0.801). The subgroup analysis revealed that probiotic intake by women with GDM decreased newborn birth weight, whereas probiotic intake by obese pregnant women increased newborn birth weight. Thus, no evidence indicates that probiotic intake by pregnant women with GDM or overweight can control newborn birth weight.     

Gestational weight gain and 'maternal obesity'

Summary There is an enduring belief, amongst mothers and obstetricians alike, that weight gain during pregnancy (i.e. ‘gestational weight gain’) increases the risk of permanent maternal weight gain (i.e. ‘maternal obesity’). In practice, such risks are only relevant to those mothers whose energy intake and/or energy expenditure place them in positive energy balance during pregnancy. For this reason, few studies from low‐income countries (except those amongst well‐nourished and predominantly sedentary populations) find evidence of ‘maternal obesity’. In contrast, a variety of cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies in high‐income countries suggest that pregnancy is accompanied by long‐term weight gain and an increased risk of ‘maternal’ obesity. Unfortunately, the results of all but four of these studies are compromised by the use of imprecise weight measurements, inadequate controls for potential confounding, and/or failure to account for increases in body weight with age. The four longitudinal analyses that did address these methodological concerns found that populations of women from Western European (Netherlands) and North American (United States) countries experience, on average, a net increase in body weight between conception and 1 year postpartum of 0.5 to 3.3kg (1.1 to 7.31b). These findings suggest that most well‐nourished women can expect to gain some weight in association with pregnancy, although it remains unclear whether this is wholly the result of weight gained during pregnancy (i.e. ‘gestational weight gain’) or partly reflects a pre‐pregnant and/or postpartum tendency to gain weight irrespective of pregnancy itself. In this regard, parental obesity and pre‐pregnant body weight are both associated with an increased risk of ‘maternal obesity’, as are inadequate social support, increased food intake and reduced activity during the postpartum period. Longitudinal analyses that record changes in body weight before, during and after pregnancy are therefore required to establish the role that gestational weight gain plays in ‘maternal obesity’.     

妊娠期糖尿病与孕妇饮食及生活方式的病例-对照研究

目的探讨与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)相关的饮食和生活方式。方法采用1∶2病例-对照研究,选取450例孕妇作为研究对象,包括150例确诊为GDM的孕妇和300例正常孕妇,用问卷调查其一般情况、妊娠情况及饮食生活情况等,并进行t检验和条件Logistic回归分析。结果两组妇女平均每日总能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入量差异均有统计学意义(P≤0.01)。经单因素条件Logistic回归分析共有23个变量与GDM的发生有关,最终进入多因素Logistic回归模型的有7个变量,其中危险因素6个,包括血压高(OR=28.50)、不良孕产史(OR=3.10)、孕前肥胖(OR=2.80)、过量摄入水果(OR=2.40)、糖尿病家族史(OR=1.86)及喜欢吃甜食(OR=1.68);1个保护因素为进食白肉频率较高(OR=0.62)。结论多种饮食生活方式不合理与GDM发病有关;对孕妇应积极开展营养教育,合理选择食物,调整饮食结构,以减少GDM的发病率。     

Weight Loss After Diagnosis with Gestational Diabetes and Birth Weight Among Overweight and Obese Women

To determine if, among overweight or obese women with gestational diabetes (GDM), weight loss after GDM diagnosis is associated with lower infant birth weight within levels of overweight or obesity class. Overweight and obese women with singleton pregnancies managed for GDM at a large diabetes and pregnancy program located in Charlotte, NC between November 2000 and April 2010, were eligible for this retrospective cohort study. All were managed using a rigorous standardized clinical protocol. Clinical information including maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, treatment, and medical and obstetric history was abstracted from medical records. The association of weight loss after GDM diagnosis and birth weight was analyzed using linear regression stratified by maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity class (I, II/III). Of the 322 women in this study 19 % lost weight between diagnosis of GDM and delivery. After adjustment for maternal age, parity, race/ethnicity, gestational week at first hemoglobin A1c (A1C), A1C at diagnosis, weight gain prior to GDM, treatment with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, gestational age at delivery, and infant sex, weight loss was associated with 238.3 g lower mean infant birth weight among overweight women (95 % CI ?393.72, ?82.95 g), but was not associated with lower mean infant birth weight among obese class II/III women (95 % CI ?275.61, 315.38 g). Weight loss, after diagnosis of GDM, is associated with lower infant birth weight among overweight women, but not among obese class II/III women.     

Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Maternal dietary patterns before and during pregnancy play important roles in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy that are associated with GDM risk in pregnant U.S. women. From a 24 h dietary recall of 253 pregnant women (16–41 years) included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012, food items were aggregated into 28 food groups based on Food Patterns Equivalents Database. Three dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression with responses including prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), dietary fiber, and ratio of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acid: “high refined grains, fats, oils and fruit juice”, “high nuts, seeds, fat and soybean; low milk and cheese”, and “high added sugar and organ meats; low fruits, vegetables and seafood”. GDM was diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose levels ≥5.1 mmol/L for gestation <24 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GDM, after controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, family poverty income ratio, marital status, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, energy intake, physical activity, and log-transformed C-reactive protein (CRP). All statistical analyses accounted for the appropriate survey design and sample weights of the NHANES. Of 249 pregnant women, 34 pregnant women (14%) had GDM. Multivariable AOR (95% CIs) of GDM for comparisons between the highest vs. lowest tertiles were 4.9 (1.4–17.0) for “high refined grains, fats, oils and fruit juice” pattern, 7.5 (1.8–32.3) for “high nuts, seeds, fat and soybean; low milk and cheese” pattern, and 22.3 (3.9–127.4) for “high added sugar and organ meats; low fruits, vegetables and seafood” pattern after controlling for maternal sociodemographic variables, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, energy intake and log-transformed CRP. These findings suggest that dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with risk of GDM after controlling for potential confounders. The observed connection between a high consumption of refined grains, fat, added sugars and low intake of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy with higher odds for GDM, are consistent with general health benefits of healthy diets, but warrants further research to understand underlying pathophysiology of GDM associated with dietary behaviors during pregnancy.     

孕期体脂百分比对妊娠期妇女糖尿病影响因素分析

目的探索孕中期妇女体成分与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的关联。方法采用病例对照研究,以2018年4月至2019年4月在北京市某妇幼保健院进行产检孕妇为研究对象,在妊娠24~28周进行口服糖耐量试验,以明确是否存在GDM,并使用人体成分分析仪测定孕妇体成分。最终获得124例诊断GDM的孕妇作为病例组,130例血糖正常孕妇作为对照组。利用独立样本t检验及Logistic回归分析探索孕中期GDM发生的可能相关因素。结果病例组体脂肪百分比高于对照组(P<0.05),细胞内、外水分百分比及无机盐百分比低于对照组(P<0.05),体脂百分比为孕中期GDM发生的危险因素(OR=1.1,95%CI=1.1~1.2),其余体成分指标均为GDM发生的保护因素,分别为去脂体重百分比(OR=0.9,95%CI=0.8~0.9)、肌肉量百分比(OR=0.9,95%CI=0.8~0.9)、无机盐百分比(OR=0.2,95%CI=0.1~0.4)、蛋白质百分比(OR=0.5,95%CI=0.4~0.7)、细胞外水分百分比(OR=0.7,95%CI=0.6~0.8)、细胞内水分百分比(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7~0.9)。结论体脂百分比过高是孕中期GDM发生的危险因素,为体成分作为GDM干预指标提供一定理论依据,孕期应合理控制体重预防GDM发生。     

妊娠期糖尿病的危险因素研究

目的：探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的危险因素及2型糖尿家族史对GDM发病的影响。方法：对1999年10月至2001年2月产前检查新诊断的及产科病房中已诊断的GDM患85例及177例健康对照孕妇进行单因素,多因素logistic回归分析及对数线性模型分析,探讨各因素对GDM发病的影响。结果：多因素logistic回归分析结果提示,影响GDM发病且有统计学意义的因素为孕前肥胖、2型糖尿病家族史,孕妇出生体重,年龄,高甘油三酯及体育锻炼,对数线性模型分析结果显示,父母亲患2型糖尿病均与GDM发病有关。GDM先证母亲糖尿病患率为9．41％,与GDM先证父亲糖尿病患病率（8．24％）比较,差别无显意义。结论：孕前肥胖、2型糖尿病家族中,孕妇低出生体重,年龄,高甘油三酯为GDM的危险因素,体育锻炼为保护因素,父母亲患2型糖尿病均为GDM危险因素,未发现母亲患糖尿病对孕妇患GDM的危险性影响大于父亲。     

不同孕前BMI孕妇孕早期增重对妊娠期糖尿病的影响

目的探讨不同孕前身体质量指数(BMI)孕妇孕早期增重与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的关系。方法采用前瞻性队列研究,选取2017年12月至2019年12月在湖北医药学院附属国药东风总医院建档产检孕妇491例,专人记录孕妇的身高、年龄、孕前体重、BMI、孕早中期体重、分娩结局等一般信息,采用Logistic回归分析不同孕前BMI的孕妇孕早期体重增长与GDM的关系。结果孕早期增重不足、适宜及过多的孕妇GDM发病率比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.417,P<0.05),而孕中期不同的体重增长情况,孕妇GDM发病率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.951,P>0.05)。孕早期增重按不同孕前BMI进行分组,Logistic回归分析显示:孕前BMI为18.5~24.9kg/m²的孕妇,孕早期增重过多,GDM发病风险增至1.913倍(OR=1.913,95%CI:1.033~3.543);孕前BMI≥25.0kg/m²的孕妇,孕早期增重适宜、过多,GDM的发病风险分别增至4.900倍(OR=4.900,95%CI:1.179~20.373)和5.444倍(OR=5.444,95%CI:1.290~22.976)。孕前BMI<18.5kg/m²的孕妇,孕早期增重不足、适宜、过多,妊娠期高血压疾病(χ²=118.600)、羊水异常(χ²=6.750)及剖宫产(χ²=6.166)的发生差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);孕前BMI≥25.0kg/m²的孕妇,孕早期增重不足、适宜、过多,巨大儿发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=19.372,P<0.05);孕前BMI=18.5~24.9kg/m²的孕妇,孕早期不同增重情况,其不良妊娠结局差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论孕前体重正常和孕前超重肥胖者,孕早期体重增长过多增加了GDM发生风险;而孕前低体重者,孕早期体重增长增加了妊娠期高血压疾病、羊水异常及剖宫产的发生风险,并不增加GDM的发生风险。     

Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy are Associated with Gestational Weight Gain

Objective The role of diet during pregnancy on gestational weight gain is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that dietary patterns during pregnancy are differentially associated with the adequacy of gestational weight gain at different stages of pregnancy. Methods A total of 391 pregnant women in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006 were included. Dietary intake was obtained using a National Cancer Institute’s food-frequency questionnaire. Results Three dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis with 36 food groups among pregnant women, and they were named according to food group factor loadings: ‘mixed’, ‘healthy’, and ‘western’. The ‘mixed’ pattern characterized by a high intake of meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, potatoes, nuts and seeds and sweets. After adjusting for maternal sociodemographic variables and physical activity level, women in the highest tertile of ‘mixed’ pattern score had significantly greater odds of being in the inadequate gestational weight gain compared to those in the lowest tertile (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.72; 95 % CI 1.07–20.94). Women in the mid tertile of the ‘mixed’ pattern had significantly lower odds of being in the excessive gestational weight gain compared to those in the lowest tertile (AOR 0.39; 95 % CI 0.15–0.99). Conclusion These results suggest that a diet high in meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, potatoes, and nuts and seeds during pregnancy might be associated with reducing excessive gestational weight gain.     

111例孕妇体重指数与妊娠期糖尿病关系研究

目的为早期发现妊娠期糖尿病(GDM),及早采取干预措施,对在郑州大学第三附属医院111例孕妇的体重指数(BMI)变化与GDM的相关性进行研究。方法将111例妊娠24至28周的孕妇以OGTT空腹血糖≥5.1 mmol/L,1h血糖≥10.0 mmol/L,2 h血糖≥8.5 mmol/L符合两项或以上为诊断标准分为55例病例组与56例健康孕妇为对照进行分析,对两组孕妇的孕前体重、孕前BMI及OGTT检测时体重、BMI进行统计学分析。结果两组孕妇的孕前体重及BMI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),进行血糖异常时的体重及BMI,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论体重及BMI的增加是提示GDM发病风险的重要指标,为产科及围产期保健医生早期发现GDM并采取干预措施提供重要线索。     

C-反应蛋白、白细胞介素6与妊娠期糖尿病的胰岛素抵抗、血脂相关性研究

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病患者血清C-反应蛋(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平变化及其与胰岛素抵抗、血脂的关系。方法:采用放射免疫法测定妊娠24～28周无孕前肥胖的30例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇(GDM组)和30例正常妊娠晚期孕妇(正常妊娠组)的空腹血清IL-6水平,同时测定两组孕妇血清CRP、空腹血糖(FBS)、胰岛素(FINS)、C肽、总胆固醇(TG)和甘油三酯(TC)水平,并计算孕前体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IRI)以评价胰岛素抵抗程度。结果:两组孕妇空腹血清CRP、IL-6、FBS、F INS、C肽、HOMA-IRI、TG水平及孕前BMI比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),而血清TC水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CRP和IL-6的水平分别与HOMA-IRI、TG呈正相关性(r=0.886,0.792,P<0.05;r=0.685,0.767,P<0.05),与TC无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:在无孕前肥胖状况下,妊娠期糖尿病患者血清CRP、IL-6水平的升高与胰岛素抵抗、血脂指标异常有关。     

Gestational weight gain and its related social and demographic factors in health care settings of rural and urban areas in northwest Iran

The current study was aimed to evaluate gestational weight gain and its socio-demographic determinants among pregnant women in north-west of Iran. In the current cross-sectional study, four hundred eighty one pregnant women aged 26.12 ± 7.45 years were enrolled. Data on pre-pregnancy weight, height, age, educational attainment, parity, household size, hemoglobin status and total pregnancy weight gain were extracted from routine health center records. The pregnant women were categorized based on their pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) as underweight, normal weight and overweight or obese according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Participants were also classified according to their educational level into three ‘some school’, ‘high school’ and ‘college’ groups. Gestational weight gain in 27.6% of pregnant women was in normal IOM recommended range; while, weight gain in 49% and 23.2% of pregnant women was below and above recommended range respectively. Women with high educational attainment (≥12 years) have significantly higher weight gain compared with low-educated women (<12 years) (P < 0.001). Age was in negative relationship with gestational weigh gain even after adjusting for confounder effects of residency, educational attainment and household size (r = 0.2, P < 0.001). Our data showed a high prevalence of abnormal gestational weight gain in pregnant women attending to public health centers in northwest of Iran. Moreover educational level, parity and age were significant determinants of gestational weight gain in pregnancy. Special attention should be focused on prenatal nutritional status and health care programs in current health care services in Iran.     

妊娠期糖尿病妇女与分娩巨大儿的多因素临床研究

目的:为了研究妊娠期糖尿病妇女与分娩巨大儿的多因素临床相关性。方法:回顾性分析2004～2007年在我院分娩的孕周≥37周的妊娠期糖尿病妇女123例,按孕前体重指数(BMI)分为BMI≤23.9组(正常组)、BMI≥24组(肥胖组),妊娠期糖尿病分为单纯饮食治疗组(GDM1组)、饮食+胰岛素治疗组(GDM2组);分析正常BMI组与肥胖组、GDM1组与GDM2组分娩巨大儿的临床风险性。结果:巨大儿总的发生率为27.5%;妊娠28周前发现并治疗的GDM,其巨大儿的发生率为19.0%,妊娠28周后发现并治疗的患者,其巨大儿的发生率为30.2%,增加11.2%,但无统计学意义。GDM1组巨大儿的发生率为28.8%,GDM2组巨大儿的发生率17.4%,下降11.4%,亦无统计学差异。GDM孕前体重指数与巨大儿发病呈正相关,差异有显著性。P<0.05。结论:GDM孕前体重指数过高是分娩巨大儿的重要因素。孕期重视对孕前BMI的评估,及早发现GDM并强化胰岛素治疗,使孕期体重适当增长,可有效减少巨大儿的发生及改善母婴预后。     

深圳地区流动人口妊娠期糖尿病检出率及其糖代谢异常相关因素分析

目的：探讨深圳地区流动人口妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的检出率及影响其糖代谢异常的相关因素。方法：对2012年1月—2013年6月在观澜人民医院产科门诊定期产检的850例妊娠妇女进行75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。结果：850例妊娠妇女中GDM的检出率为9.65%;与无高危因素妇女相比,年龄≥35岁、异常分娩史、反复尿糖阳性、妊娠前体质量＞75 kg、体质量指数（BMI）≥25 kg/m2、巨大儿、携带HBsAg、妊娠≥3次的妇女妊娠期糖耐量异常的检出率升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：对所有妊娠期妇女进行75 g OGTT、采用GDM新诊断标准后,其诊断率升高,对伴有高危因素的妊娠妇女应重点监测。【关键词】 糖尿病,妊娠;广东;居住流动性;危险因素     

血清胱抑素C水平与妊娠期糖尿病相关性的临床分析

目的探讨胱抑素C（Cysc）水平与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性,寻找预防及控制妊娠期糖尿病发生和发展的有效干预措施。方法采用回顾性方法对309例孕产妇的住院分娩病历进行分析,将141例妊娠期糖尿病孕产妇作为妊娠期糖尿病组,将无任何妊娠合并症和并发症的168例健康孕产妇作为对照组,对两组孕产妇孕早、中、晚期血清CysC水平进行检测。结果健康孕产妇组各期血清Cysc浓度水平虽有升高,但差异不明显（t=1．72,P〉0．05）。而妊娠期糖尿病组孕产妇孕早、中、晚期血清CysC浓度水平均明显升高（t=23．86,P〈0．001）。结论CysC是由人体的有核细胞产生,生成速度和血浓度稳定,不受病理变化的影响,当肾小球出现轻微损伤时,血中CysC浓度即可出现升高,并随着病情的加重而逐渐升高。血清CysC浓度水平与妊娠期糖尿病和孕周有着密切关系,孕期检测追踪血清CysC浓度水平,可提高妊娠期糖尿病早期肾功能损害检出率,有利于预防和控制妊娠期糖尿病的发生和发展,降低孕产妇死亡率。