骶管阻滞联合全身麻醉在低出生体重新生儿腹部手术中的应用

目的 观察骶管阻滞联合全身麻醉在低出生体重新生儿腹部手术中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年9月—2022年9月郑州大学第三附属医院的择期行腹部手术的低出生体重新生儿100例,随机数字表法分为两组：骶管阻滞联合全身麻醉组(CG组,n=50)和全身麻醉组(G组,n=50)。两组患儿均采用七氟烷吸入麻醉诱导,气管插管成功后,吸入1～2%七氟烷维持麻醉。G组患儿术中持续泵注瑞芬太尼0.5μg/(kg·min),CG组患儿于左侧卧位行超声引导下骶管阻滞,骶管腔注入0.2%罗哌卡因1 mL/kg。记录两组患儿手术时间、拔出气管导管时间(从手术结束至拔出气管导管的时间)、麻醉恢复室停留时间;记录两组患儿麻醉诱导前(T₀)、气管插管即刻(T₁)、切皮(T₂)、腹腔探查(T₃)、关闭腹腔(T₄)、拔出气管导管即刻(T₅)及出手术室(T₆)的心率、平均动脉压;记录两组患儿苏醒期间及麻醉恢复室停留期间呼吸抑制等不良事件发生情况及术后首次排便时间和住院时间;...     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因对乳腺手术患者行胸椎旁神经阻滞麻醉效果的影响

目的:观察右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行胸椎旁神经阻滞麻醉对乳腺包块切除术的临床效果。方法:选择择期行乳腺包块手术患者60例,用随机双盲法分为对照组(C组,n=30)及实验组(D组,n=30),每组各30例,实验组给予(右美托咪定1μg·kg^-1+0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml)行胸椎旁神经阻滞,对照组给予(0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml+同实验组右美托咪定容积0.9%氯化钠)行胸椎旁神经阻滞。分别记录患者入室时(T₀)、胸椎旁神经阻滞后15 min(T₁)、手术开始时(T₂)、肿块切除时(T₃)、手术结束时(T₄)的HR(心率)、MAP(平均动脉压)、SpPO₂(血氧饱和度)和Ramsay镇静评分。观察2组感觉神经阻滞起效时间、感觉神经阻滞恢复时间以及术后不良反应发生情况。结果:实验组与对照组比较,在T₁~T₄时MAP降低、HR减慢,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组在T₁~T₄时的Ramsay评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组在T₀时MAP、HR及各时点SpO₂比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组感觉神经阻滞恢复时间比对照组延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。实验组术后不良反应发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。结论:右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因用于乳腺乳腺包块切除术,可明显增强胸椎旁神经阻滞麻醉效果,保持血流动力学的稳定、缩短感觉神经阻滞起效时间、延长感觉神经阻滞恢复时间,利于术后镇痛。     

右旋美托咪定影响骶管阻滞效果30例

目的 观察右旋美托咪定复合罗哌卡因与单用罗哌卡因对骶管阻滞效果的影响.方法 选择60例18～55岁美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级I-II级择期行混合痔内扎外切术的患者,随机分为两组,单用罗哌卡因组(A组)扣右旋美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(B组)各30例.A组患者经骶管使用0.375%罗哌卡因25 mL,B组使用0.375%罗哌卡因25 mL复合右旋美托咪定1 μg/kgn记录两组麻醉给药时间、麻醉起效时间、手术开始时间、感觉运动恢复时间、患者满意度和并发症,结果B组麻醉起效时间较A组显著缩短(P<0.05),感觉恢复时问较A组显著延长(P<0.05),患者满意度较A组高(P<0.05).结论 右旋美托咪定复合罗哌卡因用于骶管阻滞可缩短局部麻醉药起效时闻,延长其作用时间,可取得良好术后镇痛效果,提高患者满意度.     

不同容量罗哌卡因髋关节囊周围神经阻滞对髋关节置换术后镇痛的影响

目的 比较髋关节置换手术中不同容量罗哌卡因髋关节囊周围神经阻滞的镇痛效果。方法 选择2022年10月至2023年2月南京市第一医院择期全麻下行全髋关节置换术患者54例,均于全麻前接受超声引导下髋关节囊周围神经阻滞,其中,采用高容量(浓度0.375%,40 ml)罗哌卡因施行髋关节囊周围神经阻滞者27例(高容量组),采用常规容量(浓度0.375%,15 ml)罗哌卡因者27例(常规容量组)。记录术后4 h (T₁)、6 h (T₂)、12 h (T₃)、24 h (T₄)的疼痛评分(VAS评分),患者自控镇痛泵的首次按压时间,T₄时舒芬太尼累计用量与镇痛泵按压次数,术中麻醉药消耗量以及手术时长。观察两组患者注射局麻药30 min时股神经、股外侧皮神经、闭孔神经的感觉阻滞程度,评估术后24 h (T₄)的股四头肌肌力。随访记录局麻药中毒等相关并发症。结果 高容量组患者T₁、T₂、T₃的VAS-R...     

异氟烷吸入复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞在小儿斜疝手术中的应用

目的 探讨异氟烷吸入复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞在小儿腹股沟斜疝手术中的应用效果.方法 120例腹股沟斜疝患儿在腹腔镜下行鞘状突高位结扎术,随机将患儿分为A、B、C三组,A组为单纯异氟烷吸入麻醉组,B组为单纯罗哌卡因骶管阻滞麻醉组,C组为异氟烷吸入复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞麻醉组,观察并记录患儿术中血流动力学变化( MAP、HR、SpO2),比较三组患儿术中麻醉效果、术后苏醒时间、麻醉药用量及麻醉不良反应发生情况.结果 异氟烷吸入复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞麻醉组患儿术中血流动力学稳定,手术麻醉效果满意,均优于A组和B组患儿(均P＜0.05);术后苏醒时间、麻醉药用量及麻醉不良反应事件与A组和B组差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 异氟烷吸入复合罗哌卡因骶管阻滞麻醉应用于小儿腹股沟斜疝高位结扎术,有利于呼吸、循环的管理及术后苏醒,是小儿下腹部手术较为理想的麻醉方法.     

骶管麻醉复合依托咪酯在小儿下腹部手术的应用

目的：探讨盐酸罗哌卡因骶管阻滞复合依托咪酯麻醉在小儿下腹部手术中的应用效果。方法：选择拟行择期手术的患儿80例,随机分为两组,每组40例,依托咪酯组（A组）和氯胺酮组（B组）。A组给予0.25％盐酸罗哌卡因1ml/kg骶管阻滞复合依托咪酯3mg/（kg·h）静脉麻醉。 B组给予氯胺酮组0.5～1.5mg/（kg·h）静脉麻醉。记录两组患儿在麻醉前、术中探查时、收缩压（SBP）、心率（HR）的变化,术后并发症恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制、术后烦躁的发生率和术毕苏醒时间。结果：B组在术中探查时SBP、HR明显高于A组（P<0.01）,且恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制、术后烦躁哭闹发生率高于A组（P<0.05）,术毕苏醒时间明显比A组延长（P<0.05）。结论：盐酸罗哌卡因骶管阻滞复合依托咪酯麻醉用于小儿下腹部手术是一种镇痛好、循环稳定、苏醒快、并发症少的麻醉方法。     

罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在骶管麻醉中的应用价值分析

目的:分析罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在骶管麻醉中的应用价值.方法:选取我院2014年1~10月接受骶管麻醉下混合痔切除手术的患者80例,随机平分为实验组和对照组,每组40例,对照组对骶管注入0.5%罗哌卡因15mL. 实验组在注入罗哌卡因15mL基础上加上10μg舒芬太尼,分别记录两组患者在手术后不同时间的心率和血氧饱和度,对比两组麻醉阻滞时间和运动阻滞程度和手术开始后10、20min及手术后1、6、12h的疼痛感评分. 结果:实验组的麻醉阻滞时间明显快于对照组(P<0.05),手术中和手术后疼痛感实验组低于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者的心率、血氧饱和度、不良反应等比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论:在骶管麻醉手术中罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼可以大大缩短麻醉阻滞起效时间且可以降低疼痛感.     

低浓度罗哌卡因对老年髋关节置换术患者血流动力学及术后短期认知功能的影响

目的探讨低浓度罗哌卡因对老年髋关节置换术患者血流动力学及术后短期认知功能的影响。方法选取2019年4月—2021年4月于彭泽县人民医院行髋关节置换术的老年患者81例,随机分为A组41例与B组40例。2组在全身麻醉前进行罗哌卡因腰丛神经阻滞方案,A组接受0.25%罗哌卡因进行麻醉,B组接受0.35%罗哌卡因进行麻醉。比较感觉阻滞起效、感觉恢复、运动阻滞起效及运动恢复时间,麻醉前(T₀)、切开皮肤30 min(T₁)以及术后1h (T₂)心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP),术后2h、6h、24h、48h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,术前、术后3d简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)评分。结果 A组感觉阻滞起效时间及运动阻滞起效时间长于B组,感觉恢复及运动恢复时间短于B组(P<0.05)。T₀、T₁、T₂,2组HR、MAP比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2h、6h、24h、48h,2组VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前2组MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3d,A组MMSE评分高于B组(P<0.05)。结论低浓度罗哌卡因应用于老年髋关节置换术,可维持患者术中血流动力学的稳定,减少对神经功能的损害,利于患者术后短期内认知功能的恢复。     

右美托咪定辅助罗哌卡因在低位硬膜外麻醉中的临床效果分析

目的：观察右美托咪定辅助罗哌卡因在低位硬膜外麻醉中的临床效果。方法：我院2022年1月—2023年1月收治的60例低位硬膜外麻醉患者为本次研究对象,按照麻醉给药方案不同将患者分为对照组(30例：罗哌卡因麻醉)与试验组(30例：右美托咪定辅助罗哌卡因),比较两组患者的麻醉效果。结果：试验组患者麻醉临床指标优于对照组,试验组麻醉给药后10min(T1)、麻醉给药后30min(T2)等时刻心率、血压等血流动力学指标较于麻醉给药前(T₀)均升高,试验组T1、T2时刻心率、血压均低于同一时刻对照组,试验组患者术后同一时刻躯体疼痛VAS量表评分以及不良反应发生率均低于对照组,数据比较均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论：低位硬膜外麻醉患者右美托咪定辅助罗哌卡因麻醉给药方案较单一罗哌卡因给药麻醉效果好,患者术中血流动力学更平稳。     

小容量高浓度罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合全麻对老年腹部手术患者的影响观察

目的观察小容量高浓度罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合全麻对老年腹部手术患者的影响。方法选取2013年6月至2015年3月我院老年腹部手术患者50例,按随机数字表法将其分成实验组25例,对照组25例,两组患者均应用罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合全麻进行麻醉诱导,硬膜外阻滞麻醉时,实验组应用0.75%罗哌卡因,对照组应用0.25%罗哌卡因,比较麻醉效果。结果实验组自主呼吸恢复时间为(7.21±3.11)min,术后拔管时间为(13.21±3.21)min,意识恢复时间为(19.21±5.21)min,短于对照组的(12.14±4.32)min、(24.12±6.21)min、(28.21±6.94)min,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小容量高浓度罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合全麻用于老年腹部手术患者,效果满意,值得临床应用、推广。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.