高压氧对人重度牙周炎的作用及疗效维持时间

目的探讨高压氧(HBO)对人重度牙周炎的作用及疗效维持时间。方法30例牙周炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组2组,治疗组用HBO治疗,对照组用漱口液含漱。常规测定2组在治疗前、后和治疗1年后的GI、SBI、PD、AL、PLI和龈沟液量(GCF),用激光多普勒血流仪测定牙龈血流量(GBF)。结果HBO治疗后GI降低1.1,SBI降低1.2,PD和AL均减少0.7mm,PLI减少0.8,GCF量降低2.0;GBF增加1.8倍。与对照组比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。HBO治疗1年后的各牙周指标与治疗结束时比较,GI和SBI均轻度增加,而PD、AL、PLI、GCF和GBF无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论HBO对人重度牙周炎有较好治疗效果,其疗效可维持1年以上。     

慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中EMMPRIN及其配体CyPA的表达及意义

目的:通过检测慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中EMMPRIN及其配体CyPA的表达,探索两者与牙周炎症的关系.方法:收集慢性牙周炎患者(牙周炎组)以及无缺牙、无牙周炎患者(对照组)的天然牙龈沟液,并进行临床检查.以ELISA法检测龈沟液中EMMPRIN及CyPA的表达,应用SPSS 17.0软件包分析两者与牙周炎的关系,比较2组之间的差异.结果:牙周炎组中,GCF总量与EMMPRIN总量、CyPA总量以及GI、SBI、AL呈显著正相关;EMMPRIN总量与GCF总量、CyPA总量以及GI、SBI、AL呈显著正相关,与吸烟情况呈负相关(P＜0.05);CyPA总量与GCF总量、EMMPRIN总量以及GI、SBI、AL呈显著正相关.对照组中,GCF、EMMPRIN及CyPA三者总量两两间均呈显著正相关.在牙周炎组与对照组之间,GCF、EMMPRIN及CyPA三者总量的组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:EMMPRIN及其配体CyPA在牙周健康患者、慢性牙周炎患者的龈沟液中均有表达,当牙周炎症临床症状较重时,分泌的龈沟液量明显增多,龈沟液中EMMPRIN及CyPA的表达也增多.     

牙龈沟液中骨膜蛋白含量与牙周炎的关系

目的探讨骨膜蛋白与牙周炎的关系,检测和对比牙周炎患者与健康对照组龈沟液中骨膜蛋白的含量。 方法从2016年9月至2018年6月于深圳市人民医院口腔内科的初诊患者中直接抽选法随机选取48例慢性牙周炎患者作为试验组,17名牙周健康者作为对照组。在入选病例选取观察牙,记录观察牙的出血指数（BI）、牙周袋探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）。依据观察牙PD和AL分为轻度牙周炎组15例、中度牙周炎组22例及重度牙周炎组11例。采集观察牙的龈沟液,酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）法检测样本中骨膜蛋白的含量。采用SPSS 25.0统计软件对实验数据进行分析。 结果牙周病患者龈沟液中均可检测出较低浓度的骨膜蛋白[（0.45 ± 0.13）pg/μL],而牙周健康人群的龈沟液中均检测出较高浓度的骨膜蛋白[（0.56 ± 0.23）pg/μL],两者差异具有统计学意义（t = 2.40,P = 0.019）;牙周炎轻度、中度、重度各组骨膜蛋白的浓度值分别为（0.57 ± 0.09）、（0.43 ± 0.09）和（0.34 ± 0.11）pg/μL,骨膜蛋白浓度值随炎症程度加重而逐渐降低;经相关分析,龈沟液中骨膜蛋白与BI呈负相关关系（r = -0.529,P<0.001）,与PD、AL均分别呈负相关关系（r = -0.806/-0.772,P<0.001）。 结论牙周炎患者龈沟液中骨膜蛋白的含量显著低于牙周健康人群;骨膜蛋白可能与牙周炎的病变严重程度之间具有密切关系。     

Bio—Oss和胶原膜治疗牙周炎重度垂直骨吸收的临床观察

目的:观察多孔矿化骨Bio-Oss联合胶原膜Bio-Gide或国产胶原膜(BME-10X)治疗牙周炎重度垂直骨吸收的疗效。方法:选取36例牙周炎重度垂直骨吸收的患者41牙。牙周翻瓣术植入Bio-Oss后分别盖国产胶原膜(BME-10X)(试验组)和Bio-Gide(对照组),试验组20牙,对照组21牙。分别在术前和术后6、12个月记录牙周袋深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)、牙龈指数(GI)、牙龈退缩(GR)、牙齿动度(TM)和摄X线牙片。结果:手术前后自身比较,2组的PD、AL、TM、GI均有明显减少,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);术后2组间PD、AL、TM、GR差异均无显著性。结论:Bio-Oss联合Bio-Gide膜或国产胶原膜治疗牙周炎重度垂直骨吸收均可获得良好的临床效果。     

慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液OPG和RANKL的变化及意义

目的:探讨慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中核因子-κB受体活化子配体(receptor activator for NF-κB ligand.RANKL)和骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)的变化及意义.方法:采用滤纸条法收集23例正常对照者和34例慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液(gingival crevicular fluid,GCF)标本,ELISA法测定上清液RANKL和OPG含量,利用Optimas 5.0图像分析软件对检测牙的根尖片进行灰度分析.结果:对照组和慢性牙周炎组临床指标(PD、AL、PLI和SBI)之间存在显著性统计学差异(P<0.01).2组GCF中RANKL、OPG和RANKL/OPG比值之间存在显著性统计学差异(P<0.01).慢性牙周炎组GCF中OPG浓度与PD和AL之间存在负相关关系(分别为P<0.01和P<0.05),RANKL浓度及RANKL/OPG比值与根尖片灰度值之间存在负相关关系(P<0.05).GCF中RANKL和OPG浓度及RANKL/OPG比值与PLI和SBI之间无相关关系(P>0.05).结论:RANKL和OPG在慢性牙周炎患者的牙槽骨组织破坏过程中发挥作用.     

烤瓷牙修复对龈沟液内IL-23表达水平的影响

目的:探讨IL-23在牙周炎发病机制中的作用及烤瓷牙修复对牙周组织中IL-23表达水平的影响.方法:选取正常组10例,牙龈炎组14例,烤瓷熔附金属全冠(PFM)牙龈炎组14例和PFM牙周炎组14例病例,采用Florida牙周探针探查各受试牙,记录临床指标(GI、SBI、AL、PD)后采集龈沟液,用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测龈沟液中IL-23的表达水平,采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析.结果:正常组龈沟液中IL-23表达水平(227.047±29.880)pg/mL低于炎性组,PFM牙周炎组(511.327±138.846)pg/mL高于PFM牙龈炎组(347.359±218.260)pg/mL(P＜0.05),较牙龈炎组(330.353± 196.266) pg/mL差异显著(P＜0.01);IL-23的表达水平与临床指标(GI、SBI、AL、PD)间呈正相关关系(Peaaron相关系数r＞0.4,P＜0.05),PFM牙龈炎组牙周破坏程度重于牙龈炎组,AL有显著差异(P＜0.05),PD差异显著(P＜0.01),且PD与IL-23表达水平变化关系最为密切,差异最为显著(Pearson相关系数r＞0.5,P＜0.01).结论:IL-23在牙周炎发病机制中发挥重要作用,烤瓷牙修复加重牙周组织破坏并影响IL-23表达水平.     

牙周非手术治疗对重度慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中C反应蛋白的影响

目的检测牙周基础治疗对慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中C反应蛋白(CRP)的影响,为牙周病活动期诊断及判断牙周治疗的效果提供一定的客观依据。方法治疗前及治疗后1、3、6、12个月,用滤纸条收集30例重度慢性牙周炎患者的60个重度牙周炎牙位(探诊深度PD≥6 mm)和60个轻度牙周炎牙位(PD≤4 mm)的龈沟液并称重,用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定CRP的含量并记录牙周临床指标,15例牙周健康者的30个健康牙位作为对照。结果深牙周袋牙位的CRP在龈沟液中的浓度((968.06±360.54)pg/m L)显著高于浅牙周袋牙位((291.65±65.62)pg/m L),且疾病牙位的CRP浓度均显著高于健康牙位((33.47±24.53)pg/m L),龈沟液中CRP浓度与探诊深度(r=0.825,P<0.05)、附着丧失(r=0.833,P<0.05)、菌斑指数(r=0.741,P<0.05)呈正相关关系。同时,牙周基础治疗后沟液中CRP浓度明显降低,并且与口腔卫生情况有关。结论龈沟液中CRP浓度与牙周破坏程度有关,非手术治疗后龈沟液中CRP浓度下降。     

白细胞介素-21在不同牙周状态龈沟液中的表达及相关性分析

目的检测白细胞介素(Interleukin,IL)-21在不同牙周状态下龈沟液中的表达,探讨IL-21在牙周免疫中的可能作用。方法本研究共纳入47例患者,分为健康对照组(15例),轻度牙周炎组(10例),中重度牙周炎组(22例);记录患者一般信息、用Florida牙周探针检查牙周袋探诊深度(PD)和临床附着丧失(CAL)情况;收集牙周治疗前的龈沟液样本,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定不同牙周条件下龈沟液中IL-21的水平;并进行Pearson秩相关检验统计IL-21的表达与相关临床指标的关系。结果 3组龈沟液中IL-21平均浓度分别为(107.20±2.54)、(218.90±5.11)、(367.80±7.27)pg/m L,轻度牙周炎组及中重度牙周炎组龈沟液中IL-21水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中以中、重度牙周炎组增高最为显著;中、重度牙周炎组龈沟液中IL-21水平分别与PD、CAL呈正相关关系(P<0.001)。结论 IL-21在牙周疾病中有较高的表达,尤其是以中重度牙周炎患者最为显著;由此推测IL-21在牙周疾病的发生发展中占有重要地位,与牙周组织的破坏有密切关系。     

吸烟对牙周炎患者龈沟液中弹性蛋白酶水平的影响

目的比较吸烟与非吸烟牙周炎患者和健康人龈沟液中细胞外弹性蛋白酶EA-s和细胞内弹性蛋白酶(EA-p)水平的变化。方法选择慢性牙周炎患者41例,共146个探诊出血(BOP)、牙周袋探诊深度(PD)≥4mm、附着丧失(AL)≥2mm的牙周炎位点,将其分为吸烟组79个,非吸烟组67个。同时选择牙周健康者31人作为对照,共85个探诊不出血,牙龈指数(GI)≤1,PD≤3mm,AL≤1mm的位点,同样分为2组,吸烟组45个,非吸烟组40个。观察牙周治疗前、后牙周临床指标菌斑指数(PLI),GI,PD,AL,BOP和龈沟液中EA-s、EA-p水平的变化。结果牙周炎患者中,吸烟组的GI,AL和EA-s水平低于非吸烟组(P<0.05),其余指标差异无显著性(P>0.05),健康者的各项指标差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。无论是吸烟组还是不吸烟组,牙周炎患者的EA-s,EA-p水平均高于健康者(P<0.05)。结论吸烟会降低牙周炎患者龈沟液中EA-s水平,但对EA-p水平影响不大。吸烟对健康人EA水平无显著影响。     

慢性牙周炎患者牙周治疗前后龈沟液中白介素-10水平的变化

目的探讨慢性牙周炎患者牙周治疗前后龈沟液中抗炎性细胞因子白介素(IL)-10水平的变化。方法采集12例慢性牙周炎患者的12个健康牙位和36个炎症牙位于治疗前及治疗后6、122、4周的龈沟液,用酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)检测龈沟液中IL-10的浓度。另外,分别记录治疗前、后的探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)、牙龈指数(GI)和菌斑指数(PlI)。结果IL-10浓度在健康牙位明显高于炎症牙位(P<0.01),且于牙周治疗后明显升高。IL-10浓度与探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论IL-10浓度与牙周组织破坏程度呈负相关,在牙周炎中起抗炎作用。     

牙周洁治对人牙周炎袋底微生物和龈沟液量的影响

目的:探讨牙周洁治对人牙周炎袋底微生物和龈沟液量的影响,为研究牙周洁治机制提供依据。方法:选60例牙周炎患者,随机分为2组,每组30例,洁治组作牙周洁治,对照组用常规漱口液漱口,分别在治疗前、治疗后1周和治疗后1月用刚果红负性染色法观察袋底微生物的变化,并测定牙周探诊深度(PD)、龈指数(GI)和龈沟液量(GCF)的变化。结果:洁治组在洁治后1周时牙周袋底的球菌比率明显增加,杆菌和螺旋体比率及PD和GCF明显降低;对照组GI轻度降低,但PD和GCF以及袋底的球菌、杆菌、螺旋体比率无明显变化;洁治组和对照组的球菌、杆菌和螺旋体比率及PD、GI和GCF均有显著性差异。洁治后1月时PD、GI和GCF量及袋底的微生物比率与洁治1周时无显著性差异。结论:牙周洁治对人牙周炎袋底微生物有明显的改善作用,可通过减少袋底致病菌比率和降低PD以减轻牙周炎症和减少龈沟液的分泌。     

交叉象限与上、下半口龈下刮治对龈沟液IL-27水平的影响

目的：检测慢性牙周炎患者采用不同方法进行牙周基础治疗前、后不同时期龈沟液中IL-27的浓度,探讨IL-27在牙周炎发病过程中所起的作用。方法：选择60例中、重度慢性牙周炎患者,随机分为A组(交叉象限刮治)和B组(上、下半口刮治),每组30例,另选牙周健康者30例为C组(对照组)。A组和B组于基线和治疗后1、2、3周分别取样,记录每例患者的各项牙周临床指标。ELISA法检测龈沟液IL-27的浓度。应用SPSS 17.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：治疗后第2、3周,A、B 2组的PD、AL、BI、PLI均有明显改善,各分组象限与基线比较IL-27浓度均升高,而A组PD、AL、BI及IL-27浓度的变化较B组显著,差异有统计学意义;A组治疗后3周各分组象限IL-27浓度与C组无显著差异。IL-27浓度与PD、AL、BI、PLI呈负相关。结论：龈沟液IL-27可作为牙周病防治及疗效评估的潜在靶分子,交叉象限与上、下半口龈下刮治相比,短期效果更显著。     

Fluid dynamics of gingiva and gingival health in children with end stage renal failure

OBJECTIVES: Impaired homeostasis and fluid balance are important physiopathological alterations in patients with chronic renal failure which may adversely affect the fluid dynamics and health status of tissues and organs. There are insufficient data about this phenomenon in periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluid dynamics of gingiva in children with end stage renal failure (ESRF), correlating this entity with gingival health in the same patient group. DESIGN: Fifteen paediatric ESRF patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (test group) and 15 systemically healthy children (control group) who were without periodontitis participated in the study. Fluid dynamics of gingiva were assessed via the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and tissue osmotic pressure (GOP) levels in the groups. GCF volume was measured using a Periotron 8000, whereas GOP was measured using a digital osmometer. Silness and L?e Plaque index (PI) and, L?e and Silness gingival index (GI) scores were utilized to determine the gingival health status in the study population. RESULTS: There were increases in the GCF volume and GOP of the test group compared to those of the control group (p<0.01). The PI and GI scores were higher in the test group than in the control group (p<0.01). Strong and positive correlations were found between GI and GCF volume, GI and GOP and, GCF volume and GOP in both groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the fluid dynamics of gingiva may alter in children with ESRF, and this phenomenon may consequently affect the gingival health of these patients.     

Gingival crevicular fluid levels of aspartate amino transferase, sulfide ions and N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide in diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to analyze the correlations between plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), probable pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA) and sulfide ion activity (SIA) of diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis with regard to disease activity detected by AST levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 95 sites from eight diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis and 74 sites from eight systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. The patients had no history of periodontal treatment or any antibiotic therapy during the last 6 months and were nonsmokers. All the sites selected for the study had a CAL of at least 2 mm. Gingival crevicular fluid volumes (GCFV) were measured in all sites. RESULTS: According to the result of AST analysis, 45 sites were AST positive and 50 were AST negative in the diabetic group and 36 sites were AST positive and 38 were AST negative in the control group. There was a significant correlation between BANA hydrolysis and PPD in both diabetic and control groups, but no correlation between PPD and AST levels. A significant correlation was observed between AST-positive sites and GI, but not between GI and BANA hydrolysis. In both groups, the correlation between SIA and BANA hydrolysis was significant, but no correlation was revealed between SIA and AST levels in either diabetic or control groups. CONCLUSION: The GCF metabolites had significant correlations with periodontally diseased sites in patients with chronic periodontitis, whether diabetic or systemically healthy, and may help to confirm clinical findings.     

Gingival crevicular fluid elastase-inhibitor complex: correlation with clinical indices and subgingival flora

This investigation analyzed, in a cross-sectional study, the possible relationship between gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) elastase-like protease (ELP) levels and the periodontal clinical parameters or the presence of specific bacteria in subgingival plaque. A total of 388 periodontal sites from 8 adult periodontitis patients were examined for plaque index (PII), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD) and alveolar bone loss (ABL). GCF ELP levels were determined as ELP alpha-1 protease inhibitor (ELP-alpha 1-PI) complex levels with a commercially available ELISA. Subgingival plaque samples were tested for the presence of Bacteroides gingivalis, B. intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. GCF ELP-alpha 1-PI levels were then correlated with clinical periodontal indices and proportions of IF-positive bacteria per site. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between GCF ELP-alpha 1-PI concentrations and subgingival Bacteroides proportions. When the sites examined were analyzed depending on the level of each clinical parameter, the levels of these correlations changed. A. actinomycetemcomitans correlated highly (r = 0.716) with ABL for sites with low GI score. The correlations between GCF ELP-alpha 1-PI and B. gingivalis (r = 0.642) or B. intermedius (r = 0.774) were the highest for ABL less than or equal to 20% and PD less than or equal to 3 mm, respectively. The strong association between GCF ELP-alpha 1-PI concentrations and subgingival bacteria previously associated with advancing periodontitis indicates that measurement of GCF ELP-alpha 1-PI concentrations may be useful in the evaluation of periodontal sites, especially those with very little or no tissue destruction.     

正常人、牙龈炎和牙周炎患者龈沟液内一氧化氮含量的检测

目的：检测正常人和牙周病患者龈沟液中NO含量,探讨NO在牙周病发病过程中的作用。方法：选择牙周健康组20例,牙龈炎组22例,慢性牙周炎组32例,分别采集龈沟液标本,免疫荧光法检测龈沟液内NO的含量。结果：慢性牙周炎患者和牙龈炎患者龈沟液内NO含量与牙周健康组相比均有高度显著性差异（P〈0．01）,慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液内NO含量与牙龈炎组相比有高度显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：牙周健康者、牙龈炎患者、慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中能检测出NO的存在,NO参与了慢性牙周炎的发展过程,龈沟液内NO含量与慢性牙周炎炎症程度密切相关。     

牙周炎基础治疗前、后龈沟液中SFRP1总量的变化

目的 检测慢性牙周炎（chronic periodontitis, CP）患者牙周基础治疗前、后龈沟液中分泌型卷曲相关蛋白1（secreted frizzled-related protein-1,SFRP1）的总量,探讨SFRP1与CP的关系及其在CP活动中的意义。方法 选择中、重度CP患者22例为试验组,牙周健康者5例为对照组,分别在刮治前及刮治后1个月检查试验组的探诊出血指数(BI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)及临床附着丧失(CAL),并于洁治后1周、刮治后l周及刮治后1个月收集试验组的龈沟液,采用酶联免疫吸附实验测定SFRP1总量,应用SPSS19.0软件包对数据进行统计学处理。结果 刮治前（洁治后1周）龈沟液中SFRP1总量在中、重度CP组、正常对照组分别为（40.80±4.85）pg、（33.42±2.24）pg,前者显著高于后者（P<0.05）。中、重度CP组刮治后l周、1个月龈沟液中SFRP1总量分别为（45.99+5.23）pg、（36.92±4.00）pg,刮治后1个月SFRP1总量均显著低于洁治和刮治后1周,而刮治后1周龈沟液中SFRP1总量显著高于洁治后1周及刮治后1个月（P<0.05）。结论 牙周炎患者牙周基础治疗1个月后BI、PD显著改善,且SFRP1在龈沟液中的总量随牙周炎症状况的改变而变化。     

牙周炎患者龈沟液中P物质和降钙素基因相关肽的变化

目的：测定正常人和重度牙周炎患者龈沟液中神经肽P物质和降钙素基因相关肽，以了解两种神经肽与牙周炎的关系。方法：应用放射免疫技术测定正常对照组、广泛型重度牙周炎、局限型重度牙周炎患者正常部位、牙周炎部位龈沟液中神经肽P物质和降钙素基因相关肽的含量，并计算出其浓度。结果：龈沟液中P物质的含量和浓度在四组间均有显著差异，而牙周炎部位的降钙素基因相关肽与牙周健康部位相比，检出率明显下降，有统计学意义。结论：神经肽如P物质、降钙素基因相关肽与牙周炎的发生及发展可能有一定的关系。