高效液相色谱加酶联免疫吸附法检测鲜冻禽产品中的盐酸克伦特罗

目的 检查鲜、冻禽产品中盐酸克伦特罗的残留情况。方法 采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）比对分析。结果 60份样品中6份含量高于1.0ng/g，最高为6.2ng/g。结论 禽产品也受到盐酸克伦特罗残留污染的威胁，应加强监管力度，保障消费者的身体健康。     

胶体金法与ELISA法检测盐酸克伦特罗的比较试验研究

[目的]本试验通过研究胶体金法与ELISA法在检测猪尿中盐酸克伦特罗的应用,得出两种方法在目前盐酸克伦特罗快速检测中结合使用的可能,从而在保证检测灵敏度和特异性的前提下,大大提高检测速度,并以此为基础建立一个不同于以前的监管模式。[方法]采用胶体金法和酶联免疫法(ELISA)进行比较。[结果]快速检测试纸条的灵敏度为5ng/ml,共检测442份猪尿样品,ELISA阳性7份,阳性率1.6%,胶体金阳性9例,阳性率2%;假阳性率为0.5%,符合率为99.5%;并可应用在宰后猪尿、猪肝检测中。[结论]胶体金法检测盐酸克伦特罗,具有操作简便、观察直观、快速、省时,其特异性、敏感性均达到ELISA水平;可作为饲养场、生猪中转站、屠宰场、菜市场筛查盐酸克伦特罗的重要手段,具有重要意义。     

生猪体内盐酸克伦特罗残留情况的调查研究及控制措施

目的:了解生猪体内盐酸克伦特罗残留情况,探讨控制措施,为完善食品安全标准积累基础资料和提供科学依据。方法:对屠宰过程中的生猪的肌肉、内脏和排泄物全面采样,利用酶联免疫法(ELISA)及气象色谱-质谱仪测定盐酸克伦特罗残留量。结果:以本次调查共采样品85份,检出盐酸克伦特罗4份,检出率为4.71%。控制措施:加强对饲料的生产管理;控制源头,建立简便快速的检测方法,完善宰前检疫项目;加强生猪收购、贩运的管理;加强对盐酸克伦特罗防制工作的领导。     

生猪体内盐酸克伦特罗残留情况的调查

目的：了解生猪体内盐酸克伦特罗残留情况，探讨控制措施，为完善食品安全标准积累基础资料和提供科学依据。方法：对屠宰过程中的生猪的肌肉、内脏和排泄物全面采样，利用酶联免疫法(ELISA)及气象色谱-质谱仪测定盐酸克伦特罗残留量。结果：本次调查共采样品85份，检出盐酸克伦特罗4份，检出率为4．71％。结论：生猪养殖户非法使用盐酸克伦特罗的现象依然存在。应加强对饲料的生产管理，控制源头；加强生猪收购、贩运的管理；建立简便快速的检测方法，完善宰前检疫项目。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定肉中盐酸克伦特罗

探讨肉类样品中盐酸克伦特罗的前处理方法，了解本市肉品中盐酸克伦特罗的残留情况，用水提取肉品中盐酸克伦特罗残留量，固相萃取净化、浓缩、以二极管阵列高效液相色谱法测定其含量。方法检出限为1．7ng(以3倍噪声值计），回收率在81．0％－91．4％之间，精密度为1．37％（低浓度）和0．76％（高浓度），在所检测的149份猪肉及内脏样品中，检出盐酸克伦特罗11份，含量在0．05mg/kg-1.37mg/kg之间，固相萃取－高效液相色谱法测定肉品中盐酸克伦特罗具有操作简便，干扰少等特点，精密度，回收率也很高，可以在日常检测工作中推广，检测结果显示在本市肉品中仍存在盐酸克伦特罗残留，提示应加强监管力度。     

蛇中瘦肉精引起食物中毒的实验室检测分析

目的检测蛇肉等可疑样品中克伦特罗(瘦肉精)的含量水平,以指导中毒的救治。方法按照NY/T 468-2006《动物组织中盐酸克伦特罗的测定》及GB/T 5009.192-2003《动物性食品中克伦特罗残留量的测定》的方法。结果中毒病人尿液中检出盐酸克伦特罗含量为2.4～8.4μg/kg,可疑样品蛇肉、蛇血、蛇胆中盐酸克伦特罗含量为463～11 200μg/kg。结论根据实验室检测结果,确定食物中毒由食用含有盐酸克伦特罗的蛇肉引起。     

猪饲料和猪肉制品中盐酸克伦特罗残留检测分析

[目的]了解肉猪养殖中盐酸克伦特罗使用情况和猪肉制品中的残留水平。[方法]用气质联用法检测。[结果]10份中毒样品阳性，残留量均值0．309mg／kg;167份市售猪肉制品(猪肉、猪肝和猪肺)5份呈阳性(3．0％)，残留量均值0．051mg/kg;2份猪饲料和3份猪尿呈阳性。[结论]肉猪养殖中违法使用盐酸克伦特罗现象严重，畜肉制品中残留较高。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测盐酸克伦特罗残留

[目的]建立用于快速检测组织样品中盐酸克伦特罗残留含量的胶体金免疫层析检测方法。[方法]采用免疫竞争法，将抗盐酸克伦特罗单克隆抗体-胶体金复合物包被在胶体金结合垫上，并将人工合成的盐酸克伦特罗抗原包被在硝酸纤维素薄膜表面作为检测线（T线），其与待测样品中盐酸克伦特罗竞争结合胶体金标记的盐酸克伦特罗单克隆抗体，并能以颜色直观显示检测结果。[结果]检测猪肉等组织试样时，灵敏度最低值可达到0，5ng/ml，只需3～5min，与沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺的交叉反应率为0.86％。[结论]用木法检测盐酸克伦特罗，灵敏度高、特异性强、稳定性好，具有良好的应用前景。     

广州市天河区17起盐酸克伦特罗食物中毒分析

目的分析广州市天河区17起食物中毒事件的原因和特点,为防止类似事件的发生提供依据。方法对2009年2月18-21日广州市天河区17起食物中毒事件的现场流行病学调查、样本采集与检测资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2009年2月18_21日,广州市天河区共报告17起因食用市售猪内脏而引起的食物中毒事件,发病人数共41例。中毒者I临床特点为手脚震颤、心跳加快、恶心、四肢乏力等不适症状,最短潜伏期为0．25h,最长潜伏期为3h,中位数为1．3h。病例为家庭内或单位就餐后发生,17起食物中毒事件均与进食市售的猪内脏相关。采集剩余食品2份,均检出盐酸克伦特罗,分别为0．41、1．56mg／L;患者尿液样品8份,2份检出盐酸克伦特罗,分别为0．03、0．11mg／L;呕吐物1份,检出盐酸克伦特罗为0．02mg／L。结论17起食物中毒事件均为盐酸克伦特罗污染食物引起,养殖环节使用盐酸克伦特罗是导致食物中毒的关键。     

动物性食品中抗生素及瘦肉精残留量基线调查研究

系统准确地了解动物性食品中抗生素及盐酸克伦特罗的残留现状及水平。抗生素按卫生部统一的高效液相色谱法，盐酸克伦特罗按气相／质谱法。土霉素、四环素检测283份，检出范围0．05～3．59mg／kg和0．05～0．58mg/kg，氯霉素检测80份，检出范围为0．1～36．3μg/kg，盐酸克伦特罗65份，检出范围0．01～1．36μg/kg。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.