模拟器训练显著缩短腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术学习曲线

目的:腹腔镜技术在肝脏外科中应用日趋广泛,腹腔镜下肝切除术对腔镜技术具有较高要求,年轻医师需经历较长的学习曲线才能掌握并熟练运用。方法:本研究对肝脏外科具有三年以上工作经验、且无腹腔镜基础的年轻医师进行基于腹腔镜模拟器的训练,并评估技术改善情况。同时观察受训者独立开展腹腔镜下肝左外叶切除术的情况。结果:经过腹腔镜模拟器培训120 h后,受训者完成缝合打结所需时间较训练前显著缩短[受训对象A为(141.5±17.6) s vs(342.5±24.7) s;受训对象B为(127.5±3.5) s vs(319.5±43) s;受训对象C为(132.5±3.5) s vs(310±14.1) s]。自2016年3月至2018年9月,受训对象共独立完成93例腹腔镜下肝左外叶切除术,术中平均出血量为(61±42) mL,无中转病例,术中均未阻断第一肝门,术后并发症发生率(按照Clavien-Dindo分级)为23.6%,未出现围手术期死亡病例。中位手术时间为98 min,三位受训者达到中位手术时间所需要的病例数分别为10例、8例、23例。结论:腹腔镜模拟训练可有效提高肝脏外科腹腔镜操作者的熟练程度,能有效地缩短学习曲线,并顺利开展腹腔镜下肝左外叶切除术。     

Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram model for Chinese patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus

BACKGROUNDPrimary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCE) is a highly invasive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis compared with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Due to the limited samples size and the short follow-up time, there are few reports on elucidating the prognosis of PSCE, especially on the establishment and validation of a survival prediction nomogram model covering general information, pathological factors and specific biological proteins of PSCE patients.AIMTo establish an effective nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) probability for PSCE patients in China.METHODSThe nomogram was based on a retrospective study of 256 PSCE patients. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to examine the prognostic factors associated with PSCE, and establish the model for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS based on the Akaike information criterion. Discrimination and validation were assessed by the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Histology type, age, tumor invasion depth, lymph node invasion, detectable metastasis, chromogranin A, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule 56 were integrated into the model.RESULTSThe C-index was prognostically superior to the 7^th tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging in the primary cohort [0.659 (95%CI: 0.607-0.712) vs 0.591 (95%CI: 0.517-0.666), P = 0.033] and in the validation cohort [0.700 (95%CI: 0.622-0.778) vs 0.605 (95%CI: 0.490-0.721), P = 0.041]. Good calibration curves were observed for the prediction probabilities of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in both cohorts. DCA analysis showed that our nomogram model had a higher overall net benefit compared to the 7^th TNM staging .CONCLUSIONOur nomogram can be used to predict the survival probability of PSCE patients, which can help clinicians to make individualized survival predictions.     

单孔与多孔胸腔镜切除右上肺叶治疗早期非小细胞肺癌:单中心回顾性倾向配比研究

目的:比较单孔电视辅助胸腔镜手术(uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,uVATS)和多孔胸腔镜手术(multiportal VATS,mVATS)切除右上肺叶治疗早期非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的效果.方法:选...     

Variations in non-locking screw insertion conditions generate unpredictable changes to achieved fixation tightness and stripping rates

BackgroundScrews are the most commonly inserted orthopaedic implants. However, several variables related to screw insertion and tightening have not been evaluated. This study aimed firstly to assess the effect of insertion variables on screw tightness, secondly to improve methodologies used by researchers when testing screw insertion techniques and thirdly to assess for any learning or fatigue effects when inserting screws.MethodsTwo surgeons tightened a total of 2280 non-locking, 3.5 mm cortical screws, with 120 screws inserted to what they felt to be optimum tightness whilst varying each of the following factors: different screwdrivers for measuring torque, screwdriver orientation, gloves usage, dominant/non-dominant hand usage, awareness to the applied torque (blinded, unblinded and re-blinded), four bone densities and seven cortical thicknesses. Screws were tightened to failure to determine stripping torque, which was used to calculate screw tightness – ratio between stopping and stripping torque.FindingsScrew tightness increased with glove usage, being blinded to the applied torque and with denser artificial bone and with thinner cortices. Considering all the insertions performed, the two surgeons stopped tightening screws at difference values of tightness ((77% versus 66% (p < 0.001)). A learning effect was observed with some parameters including sterile gloves usage and non-dominant hand application.InterpretationDifferent insertion conditions frequently changed screw tightness for both surgeons. Given the influence of screw tightness on fixation stability, the variables investigated within this study should be carefully reported and controlled when performing biomechanical testing alongside practicing screw insertion under different conditions during surgical training.     

Adjacent segment disease following Dynesys stabilization for lumbar disorders: A case series of mid- and long-term follow-ups

BACKGROUNDRadiologic adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) can occur after spinal surgery. Adjacent segment disease (ASDis) is defined as the development of new clinical symptoms corresponding to radiographic changes adjacent to the level of previous spinal surgery. Greater pre-existing ASDeg is generally considered to result in more severe ASDis; nonetheless, whether the ASDeg status before index surgery influences the postoperative risk of revision surgery due to ASDis warrants investigation.AIMTo identify possible risk factors for ASDis and verify the concept that greater preexisting ASDeg leads to more severe ASDis.METHODSData from 212 patients who underwent posterior decompression with Dynesys stabilization from January 2006 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who underwent surgery for ASDis were categorized as group A (n = 13), whereas those who did not were classified as group B (n = 199). Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the modified Pfirrmann grade, University of California-Los Angeles grade, body mass index, number of Dynesys-instrumented levels, and age.RESULTSThe mean time of reoperation was 7.22 (1.65–11.84) years in group A, and the mean follow-up period was 6.09 (0.10–12.76) years in group B. No significant difference in reoperation risk was observed: Modified Pfirrmann grade 3 vs 4 (P = 0.53) or 4 vs 5 (P = 0.46) for the upper adjacent disc, University of California-Los Angeles grade 2 vs 3 for the upper adjacent segment (P = 0.66), age of < 60 vs > 60 years (P = 0.9), body mass index < 25 vs > 25 kg/m² (P = 0.3), and sex (P = 0.8).CONCLUSIONGreater preexisting upper ASDeg was not associated with a higher rate of reoperation for ASDis after Dynesys surgery. Being overweight tended to increase reoperation risk after Dynesys surgery for ASDis.     

The value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as complementary diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter retrospective study

BackgroundThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have drawn attention in recent years as novel non‐specific inflammatory markers; however, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate their value in RA.ObjectiveTo investigate the value of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as complementary diagnostic tools in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodThis study included 1009 patients with RA, 170 patients with other rheumatic diseases, and 245 healthy individuals from four medical centers. The patients'' general data, including complete blood count, C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF), were retrospectively analyzed, and the NLR and PLR were calculated. Potential effective indicators were screened by logistic regression analysis, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate their diagnostic value for RA.Results(a) The NLR and PLR were significantly higher in the RA group than in the non‐RA group and the control group (P < .05). (b) Spearman''s Rho showed that the NLR was positively correlated with the PLR (r = .584, P < .05), RF (r = .167, P < .01), and CRP (r = .280, P < .01) but was not significantly correlated with ESR (r = .100, P > .05). The PLR was positively correlated with RF (r = .139, P < .01), CRP (r = .297, P < .01), and ESR (r = .262, P < .05). (c) Logistic analysis showed that RF, CRP, ESR, and the NLR had diagnostic value for RA. (d) For the NLR, the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was 0.831; at the cutoff value of 2.13, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index were 76.7%, 75.9%, 76.4%, and 0.5424, respectively.ConclusionThe NLR was less effective than CRP and RF but was superior to ESR in the diagnosis of RA. The NLR can thus be used as a complementary diagnostic indicator in the diagnosis of RA.     

经脐单孔与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术疗效对比

【摘要】目的：探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ( transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy， TUSPLC) 的手术可行性和经验体会。方法：回顾性分析我院2020 年3月～2021年11月开展TUSPLC 51例患者及三孔法LC 51例患者的临床资料。结果：TUSPLC组手术时间显著长于三孔法LC组[(49.4±13.3)min Vs (31.2±11.51)min]，TUSPLC组增加戳孔的例数显著多于三孔法LC组[(5（9.8%)]Vs [1(1.96%))]，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；但TUSPLC组较三孔法LC组，术后止痛剂使用例数更少[4（7.85%）Vs[17(33.3%)]，术后腹壁疤痕满意度评分更高[(3.88±0.11)分 Vs (2.75±0.31)分]，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；TUSPLC组的手术出血量、术后并发症及住院天数与三孔法LC组比较没有差异（P>0.05）。 结论：TUSPLC在有丰富的二孔LC经验的基础上是安全可行的，也是现阶段最能体现NOTES理念的手术，选择合适的患者可做推广。     

Intraoperative baseline oxygen consumption as a prognostic factor in emergency open abdominal surgery

BackgroundA new anesthesia system, the E-CAIOVX (GE Healthcare) enables the continuous monitoring of oxygen consumption (VO₂) and carbon dioxide elimination (VCO₂) during the surgical operation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of intraoperative baseline VO₂ and VCO₂ in an emergency open abdominal operation.MethodsA total of 103 patients who had an emergency open abdominal operation were enrolled in the study. VO₂ and VCO₂ were continuously measured from the induction of anesthesia to the end of the operation.ResultsThere were significant correlations between intraoperative baseline VO₂ and body surface area (BSA; P < .001, r = 0.68), VO₂ and tidal volume (P < .001, r = 0.59), and VO₂ and baseline body temperature (P < .0001, r = 0.49). Also, there were significant correlations between intraoperative baseline VCO₂ and BSA (P < .001, r = 0.70), VCO₂ and tidal volume (P < .001, r = 0.70), and VCO₂ and body temperature (P < .001, r = 0.41). Fifteen (14.6%) of the 103 patients died within 4 months after the operation without having been discharged from hospital. Baseline VO₂/BSA was higher in surviving patients (123.7 ± 23.6 mL/min ∙ m²) than the deceased (103.8 ± 15.6 mL/min ∙ m²; P = .002). There was no significant difference in baseline VCO₂/BSA levels between surviving (106.2 ± 20.1 mL/min ∙ m²) and deceased patients (99.4 ± 21.4 mL/min ∙ m²). In multivariate analysis, baseline body temperature lower than 36.2°C (P = .02), serum albumin less than 3.0 g/dL (P = .002), and baseline VO₂/BSA less than 111.9 mL/min ∙ m² (P = .03) were independent factors.ConclusionBaseline low VO₂/BSA less than 111.9 mL/min ∙ m² was one of the poor predictors for the prognosis of an emergency open abdominal surgery.     

High serum lactate dehydrogenase and dyspnea: Positive predictors of adverse outcome in critical COVID-19 patients in Yichang

BACKGROUNDCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in China, constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. It is well known that COVID-19 patients may have increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the early stage. The clinical changes in LDH may have predictive value in disease evolution and prognosis in critically ill COVID-19 patients.AIMTo examine serum LDH and clinical characteristics in patients with COVID-19 and their predictive value for prognosis.METHODSThis retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of forty-seven critical COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit of the Third People''s Hospital of Yichang City from January 27 to March 25, 2020 and divided them into survivors and non-survivors. The patients were diagnosed according to the World Health Organization interim guidance and critical cases met any one of the following criteria: Respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation, the occurrence of shock, and the combined failure of other organs that required intensive care unit monitoring and treatments, according to the diagnostic criteria of critical COVID-19. Clinical data including symptoms, detection of SARS-CoV-2, chest computed tomography (CT) images, changes in serum LDH in different clinical phases, and prognosis were collected. Statistical analysis of the data was performed. Continuous variables were expressed as median (interquartile range) and compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared with the Chi-square test. Survival data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests.RESULTSAccording to chest CT images, we observed the alveolitis and fibrosis stages in all critical patients in this study. Most non-survivors died in the fibrosis stage. Non-survivors had fewer days of hospitalization, shorter disease duration, shorter duration of alveolitis and fibrosis, and had dyspnea symptoms at disease onset (P = 0.05). Both first and lowest LDH values in the alveolitis stage were more pronounced in non-survivors than in survivors (449.0 U/L vs 288.0 U/L, P = 0.0243; 445.0 U/L vs 288.0 U/L, P = 0.0199, respectively), while the first, lowest and highest values of serum LDH in non-survivors were all significantly increased compared to survivors in the fibrosis phase (449.0 U/L vs 225.5 U/L, P = 0.0028; 432.0 U/L vs 191.0 U/L, P = 0.0007; 1303.0 U/L vs 263.5 U/L, P = 0.0001, respectively). The cut-off points of first LDH values in the alveolitis and fibrosis phase for distinction of non-survivors from survivors were 397.0 U/L and 263.0 U/L, respectively. In the fibrosis stage, non-survivors had more days with high LDH than survivors (7.0 d vs 0.0 d, P = 0.0002). Importantly, patients with high LDH had a significantly shorter median survival time than patients with low LDH in the alveolitis phase (22.0 d vs 36.5 d, P = 0.0002), while patients with high LDH also had a significantly shorter median survival time than patients with low LDH in the fibrosis phase (27.5 d vs 40.0 d, P = 0.0008). The proportion of non-survivors with detectable SARS-CoV-2 until death in the alveolitis stage was significantly increased compared with that in the fibrosis stage (100% vs 35.7%, P = 0.0220).CONCLUSIONHigh LDH and dyspnea symptoms were positive predictors of an adverse outcome in critical COVID-19. The rapid progressive fibrosis stage was more perilous than the alveolitis stage, even if SARS-CoV-2 is undetectable.     

ABUS examination time: An observational study of operators’ experience

ObjectiveIn this study we aimed to evaluate the operation times of ABUS by technologists during the learning time course and share the learning experience.Materials and methodThe first consequent 400 examinations after the installation of an ABUS unit in the breast clinic between August 2017 and December 2017 were included. Total examination time was measured for each procedure. The initial and final examination times during the learning period were compared. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney Test.ResultsThe acquisition times for routine six position examination ranged between eight and 36 minutes with an average of 13.2 ± 3.58 min. The examination time for the eight position examination ranged between 18 and 32 min, with an average of 22.9 ± 3.93 min. The overall average examination time was 13.3 ± 3.98 min. There was a significant difference (p = 0.00) between the average initial and final examination times of the learning period with an average decrease of 10.6 min.ConclusionThe average time of an ABUS examination for an average breast is less than 15 min. ABUS examination time reduced as technologists became familiar with the sonographic anatomy of the breast and experienced in positioning technique during the learning curve.     

关节镜下钢丝与空心螺钉固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床疗效

目的 探讨关节镜下钢丝固定及空心金属螺钉治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年10月-2020年3月南阳市骨科医院运动医学科收治的70例髁间棘骨折患者的临床资料。其中,驾驶两轮电动车摔倒受伤45例,平地行走滑倒或绊倒7例,高处坠落伤7例,运动损伤3例,交通事故4例,其他4例。根据不同手术方式将患者分为钢丝固定组（n=49）及空心螺钉固定组（n=21）。钢丝固定组采用关节镜下钢丝固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折,空心螺钉固定组采用空心加压螺钉固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折。钢丝固定组中,男24例,女25例;年龄10～58岁,平均（30.76±13.53）岁;左膝29例,右膝20例。空心螺钉固定组中,男11例,女10例;年龄16～51岁,平均（31.90±11.02）岁;左膝13例,右膝8例。结果 所有患者术后随访1年,均骨性愈合,无感染、移位、钢丝断裂、骨骺畸形愈合和关节粘连发生。钢丝固定组术前Lysholm评分为（51.61±2.83）分,术后6个月为（96.78±1.85）分;空心螺钉固定组术前Lysholm评分为（51.52±3.04）分,术后6个月为（96.52±1.91）分,两组患...     

增强磁共振成像对乏血供胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤及胰腺导管腺癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的： 探讨增强磁共振成像对乏血供胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤及胰腺导管腺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法： 回顾性收集2015年1月至2020年12月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的术前行增强磁共振检查并经术后病理证实的39例乏血供胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者和2020年1月至2020年12月经手术病理或穿刺病理证实的37例胰腺导管腺癌患者临床资料，采用多因素回归分析影响鉴别诊断的影像学特征，结合临床特征及影像学特征绘制ROC曲线。结果： 乏血供胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤相对于胰腺导管腺癌患者发病年龄较小，边界清楚较多见（81.1%vs 43.6%，P=0.001），更少出现主胰管扩张（23.1%vs 70.3%，P<0.001）、淋巴结转移（25.6%vs 48.6%，P=0.038）及周围脂肪浸润（43.4%vs 89.2%，P<0.001），增强后三期强化率均高于胰腺导管腺癌组（P<0.001）。影像学特征中，主胰管扩张、周围脂肪浸润、强化方式是鉴别诊断的独立预测因子。联合临床特征及影像学特征的多因素鉴别诊断效能的AUC为0.93，诊断的灵敏度为91.7%，特异度为83.3%。结论： 乏血供胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的边界、对比强化率、转移征象有助于其与胰腺导管腺癌的鉴别诊断。     

The Effect of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate on the Incidence of Complications in PACU After General Anesthesia: A Prospective Cohort Study

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative oral carbohydrate (POC) loading on the occurrence of complications in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after general anesthesia.DesignProspective observational cohort studyMethodsPatients who were scheduled for abdominal surgery under general anesthesia at our institution were divided into the POC group and control group based on whether they drank carbohydrate solution 2 hours before surgery. POC loading of the patients was decided by the responsible surgeon. In PACU, the occurrence of postoperative complications including delayed emergence, emergence agitation, hypoxemia, hypertension, hypotension, moderate to severe postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, hypothermia, shivering, and time to awakening, time to extubation, length of PACU stay were recorded.FindingsData from 307 patients (n = 154 in POC group and n = 153 in control group) were included in the final analysis. Compared to the control group, POC led to a near-significant reduction in the overall incidence of complications in PACU after surgery (37.0% vs 47.7%, P = .058). The POC group had a lower incidence of hypothermia and shorter mean time to awakening when compared to control group (6.5% vs 16.3%, P = .007 and 19 min vs 21 min, P = .007, respectively). No statistical differences were detected in other outcome measurements between the POC group and the control group.ConclusionsPOC is associated with a trend to decrease the overall incidence of complications during recovery period after general anesthesia in patients who underwent abdominal surgery. Moreover, POC could reduce the risk of hypothermia in PACU and shorten the time to awakening.     

Guidelines for cortical screw versus pedicle screw selection from a fatigued decompressive lumbar laminectomy model show similar stability and less bone mineral density dependency

BackgroundTraditional pedicle screws are the gold standard for lumbar spine fixation; however, cortical screws along the midline cortical bone trajectory may be advantageous when lumbar decompression is required. While biomechanic investigation of both techniques exists, cortical screw performance in a multi-level lumbar laminectomy and fusion model is unknown. Furthermore, longer-term viability of cortical screws following cyclic fatigue has not been investigated.MethodsFourteen human specimens (L1–S1) were divided into cortical and pedicle screw treatment groups. Motion was captured for the following conditions: intact, bilateral posterior fixation (L3–L5), fixation with laminectomy at L3–L5, fixation with laminectomy and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion at L3–L5 both prior to, and following, simulated in vivo fatigue. Following fatigue, screw pullout force was collected and “effective shear stress” [pullout force/screw surface area] (N/mm²) was calculated; comparisons and correlations were performed.FindingsIn flexion-extension and lateral bending, all operative constructs significantly reduced motion compared to intact (P < 0.05), regardless of pedicle or cortical screws; only posterior fixation with and without laminectomy significantly reduced motion in axial rotation (P < 0.05). Pedicle screws significantly increased average pullout strength (944.2 N vs. 690.2 N, P < 0.05), but not the “effective shear stress” (1.01 N/mm² vs. 1.1 N/mm², P > 0.05).InterpretationIn a posterior laminectomy and fusion model, cortical screws provided equivalent stability to pedicle screw fixation, yet had significantly lower screw pullout force. No differences in “effective shear stress” warrant further investigation of the effect of screw length/diameter in the aforementioned screw trajectories.     

99Tcm-MDP骨显像在类风湿关节炎骨痛中的应用

目的 探讨⁹⁹Tc^m-羟基亚甲基二磷酸盐（⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP）骨显像诊断类风湿关节炎（RA）骨痛的价值。方法 回顾性分析40例确诊RA患者,均接受⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP骨显像,同期测定血清类风湿因子（RF）、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体（anti-CCP）、抗突变型瓜氨酸波形蛋白抗体（anti-MCV）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶（GPI）、血沉（ESR）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）及免疫球蛋白G（LgG）。通过勾画ROI技术测出代谢最活跃关节的最高计数（Maxcount）,以其作为因变量,采用线性逐步回归分析Maxcoun与RF、anti-CCP、anti-MCV、GPI、ESR、CRP、LgG的相关性。结果 anti-MCV对Maxcount具有显著性影响（Beta=0.414,P=0.008）,且呈正相关（B=0.031,P=0.008）,回归方程有统计学意义（F=7.862,P=0.008）;其余6项血清测定值与Maxcount无明显相关（P均>0.05）。Pearson积距相关系数单侧检验显示anti-MCV与anti-CCP、ESR与CRP均显著正相关,且关系较密切 （r均>0.50,P均<0.001）。结论 ⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP骨显像不仅可早期诊断RA患者软骨和（或）骨破坏,还可间接提示RA是否处于活动期。     

99mTc-MDP骨三相扫描诊断四肢单发骨肿瘤病灶

目的探讨99mTc-MDP骨三相扫描在诊断四肢单发骨肿瘤病灶中的价值。方法分析65例经手术病理证实的骨肿瘤患者的99mTc-MDP骨三相资料,比较良恶性骨肿瘤病灶的三相骨显像特征、血流动力学变化和骨代谢情况。结果在血流相,良性骨肿瘤的最高计数率、平均计数率、计数率-时间曲线斜率和曲线下面积均低于恶性骨肿瘤(t=-4.50、-3.93、-8.42、-3.03,P均<0.05),良性骨肿瘤计数率高峰时间晚于恶性骨肿瘤(t=8.03,P<0.05)。在血池相,良性骨肿瘤患/健侧ROI比值低于恶性骨肿瘤(t=-3.00,P<0.05),延迟相两者间差异无统计学意义(t=-1.99,P=0.08)。99mTc-MDP骨三相扫描诊断恶性骨肿瘤的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为89.47%(17/19)、86.96%(40/46)、87.69%(57/65)、73.91%(17/23)和95.24%(40/42)。结论 99mTc-MDP骨三相在反映良恶性骨肿瘤病灶血流灌注和骨代谢方面具有独特优势,血流灌注相及血池相对鉴别诊断良恶性四肢单发骨肿瘤具有一定临床意义。     

Effects of thermotherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on patients with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized,placebo-controlled,double-blind clinical trial

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of thermotherapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain intensity, pressure pain threshold (PPT) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PD).DesignA randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.SettingPhysiotherapy Department of the Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (Brazil).InterventionsEighty-eight dysmenorrheic women were randomly allocated into four groups: Thermotherapy + TENS(n = 22), Thermotherapy(n = 22), TENS(n = 22) and Placebo(n = 22). Thermotherapy was applied by microwave diathermy (20 min), and TENS (200 μs, 100 Hz, 30 min), into the lower abdomen both.Main outcome measuresPain intensity was measured using the numeric rating scale (NRS) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Br-MPQ). PPT and CPM were recorded from women’s abdominal and lumbar. The evaluation was done in 5 times: baseline, after 20, 50, 110 min and 24 h from intervention.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the NRS for Thermotherapy + TENS vs. TENS, for Thermotherapy vs. TENS and for Placebo, after 20 min; for Thermotherapy vs. TENS and for Placebo, after 110 min and 24 h. Abdome PPT increased in the Thermotherapy + TENS vs. TENS and Placebo, after 50 min; for Thermotherapy + TENS vs. Placebo and for Thermotherapy vs. Placebo, after 110 min. No changes in lumbar PPT and CPM were observed.ConclusionsThe use of thermotherapy reduced NRS compared to the TENS and Placebo after 20, 110 min and 24 h. Thermotherapy demonstrated an increase in the PPT in the abdomen after 50 and 110 min and decreased the Br-MPQ scores after 110 min in patients with PD.     

Real time monitoring of screw insertion using acoustic emission can predict screw stripping in human cancellous bone

BackgroundTo develop experience, orthopaedic surgeons train their own proprioception to detect torque during screw insertion. This experience is acquired over time and when implanting conventional/non-locked screws in osteopenic cancellous bone the experienced surgeon still strips between 38 and 45%. Technology needs to be investigated to reduce stripping rates. Acoustic-Emission technology has the ability to detect stress wave energy transmitted through a screw during insertion into synthetic bone. Our hypothesis is Acoustic-Emission waves can be detected through standard orthopaedic screwdrivers while advancing screws through purchase and overtightening in cancellous human bone with different bone mineral densities replicating the clinical state.Methods77 non-locking 4 mm and 6.5 mm diameter cancellous bone screws were inserted through to stripping into the lateral condylar area of 6 pairs of embalmed distal femurs. Specimens had varying degrees of bone mineral density determined by quantitative CT. Acoustic-Emission energy and axial force were detected for each test.ResultsThe tests showed a significant high correlation between bone mineral density and Acoustic-Emission energy with R = 0.74. A linear regression model with the mean stripping load as the dependent variable and mean Acoustic-Emission energy, bone mineral densities and screw size as the independent variables resulted in r² = 0.94.InterpretationThis experiment succeeded in testing real time Acoustic-Emission monitoring of screw purchase and overtightening in human bone. Acoustic-Emission energy and axial compressive force have positive high correlation to bone mineral density. The purpose is to develop a known technology and apply it to improve the bone-metal construct strength by reducing human error of screw overtightening.     

Age as a risk factor for inadequate emergency department analgesia

Inadequate treatment of pain, which as been termed “oligoanalgesia,” appears to be common in a number of practice settings, including the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study was to determine whether elderly patients with isolated long-bone fractures are less likely to receive analgesics in the ED than a similar cohort of younger patients. Consecutive adult patients (aged 20 to 50 years or older than 70 years) presenting to the ED with isolated long-bone fractures were evaluated using a retrospective cohort study design. Patient demographics, ED treatment, and disposition were analyzed (t tests, χ²) to identify significant differences between the two age groups. Analgesic use was recorded as oral or parenteral, nonnarcotic or narcotic, and low or high dose (less than or at least the equivalent of 10 mg parenteral morphine sulfate, respectively). A total of 231 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 109 were elderly (mean age, 80.6 ± 7.4 years) and 122 nonelderly (mean age, 33.9 ± 8.0 years). Nonelderly patients were more likely than the elderly to receive ED pain medication (80% vs 66%, P = .02), within a shorter period of time (mean, 52 min vs 74 min, P = .02), and at a higher equivalent dose (44% vs 19%, P = .002). Younger patients also tended to receive more narcotic medications (98% vs 89%, P = .03). Inadequate use of analgesics in adult ED patients with acute fractures appears to be common. A chronologic basis for variability in analgesic practice needs to be further characterized.     

灰阶超声、弹性成像及二者联合应用鉴别诊断甲状腺肿块

目的 探讨灰阶超声和弹性成像及二者联合应用对良、恶性甲状腺肿块的鉴别诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析73例甲状腺肿块患者共97个病灶的术前灰阶超声和超声弹性成像特征,将肿块分为良性、可能良性、不能确定、可能恶性和恶性5级,分别与病理结果进行对照,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价灰阶超声、超声弹性成像和两者联合应用的诊断效果。结果 超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺肿块ROC曲线下面积(0.81)小于灰阶超声(0.89,P<0.01),而两者联合诊断甲状腺肿块ROC曲线下面积(0.95)大于单独灰阶超声(2.51,P<0.05)及超声弹性成像(4.43,P<0.01)。结论 超声弹性成像有助于灰阶超声对良、恶性甲状腺肿块的鉴别诊断,二者联合应用可明显提高甲状腺癌的诊断准确性。