肾组织移植对大鼠促红细胞生成素蛋白表达的实验研究

目的：探讨肾组织移植对大鼠促红细胞生成素（EPO）蛋白表达的影响.方法：以Wistar雄性大鼠建立慢性肾衰竭（CRF）动物模型为受体,将鼠婴肾组织块多点植入受体肾包膜下,在实验过程中监测肾功能及血红蛋白的改变,同时采用Western Blot法和免疫组化方法检测肾组织EPO蛋白的表达情况.结果：模型组、rHu-EPO组及肾移植组中大鼠分别出现死亡现象,且其肾功能均较明显减退,与正常组分别比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;实验30 ～60 d间期rHu-EPO组、肾移植组的Hb水平比模型组显著升高（P＜0.05）;Western Blot法和免疫组化方法检测肾移植组EPO蛋白表达显著高于模型组（P＜0.05）.结论：肾组织移植可以促进肾组织EPO蛋白表达,从而改善肾性贫血.     

同种肾组织移植治疗慢性肾功能衰竭性贫血的实验研究

以Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠为受体，建立慢性肾功能衰竭动物模型，将鼠婴肾组织声多点植入受体双侧后肢皮下和筋膜下。结果表明，３０天后移植物的体积由１ｍｍ＾３增至４ｍｍ＾３大小，表面血管网丰富；光镜下见肾小球、肾小管结构正常。促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）着色颗粒主要分布在肾小球区，移植组着色程度明显增高。血红蛋白和４促红细胞生成素随移植的时间延长而逐渐升高，实验结果提示，此方法有可能为治疗慢性肾功能衰竭性贫血提     

中药联合小剂量重组人促红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血疗效观察

肾性贫血（RA）是慢性肾衰竭的常见并发症之一,肾性贫血可归入中医＂虚劳＂、＂肾痨＂、＂血痨＂等范畴。现代医学认为RA的病因与肾实质的破坏导致肾脏促红细胞生成素减少有关-[1],促红细胞生成素主要由肾小管生成,肾性贫血的严重程度更能反映小管间质的损害程度。研究表明,贫血可以加剧肾小球和肾小管的萎缩,加速慢性肾衰竭（CRF）的进展。目前西医主要以重组人促红生成素（EPO）治疗为主,     

氧自由基对肾性贫血大鼠红细胞膜脂质过氧化物和Na^＋-K^＋ATP酶的影响

目的：采用鼠婴肾组织肾包膜下移植的方法治疗大鼠的肾性贫血,进一步研究氧自由基对肾性贫血大鼠红细胞膜脂质过氧化物和Na^＋-K^＋ATP酶的影响。方法：以Wistar雄性大鼠建立慢性肾衰竭动物模型为受体,将鼠婴肾组织块多点植入受体肾包膜下。治疗期间监测血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞（RBC）和血清肌酐（Scr）、血清尿素氮（BUN）,红细胞膜脂质过氧化物（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、Na^＋-K^＋ATP酶的活性。结果：60d时肾组织移植治疗组Hb含量（106±12）g/L高于模型对照组（80±5）g/L,P〈0.05;RBC数（6.05±0.60）×10^12/L高于模型对照组（5.15±0.23）×10^12/L,P〈0.05;红细胞SOD含量（1557±54）U/gHb增加,与模型对照组（1051±36）U/gHb比较,P〈0.05;红细胞膜Na^＋-K^＋ATP酶水平（178.5±14.5）μmolp/gHb增加与模型对照组（88.7±20.1）μmolp/gHb比较,P〈0.05;红细胞MDA含量（1.87±0.25）nmol/ml低于模型对照组（3.73±0.36）nmol/ml,P〈0.05。结论：同种肾组织移植后氧自由基对红细胞膜的损伤程度减轻,膜的流动性增加,膜对Na^＋离子转运及能量代谢得到适当调整,稳定了红细胞膜的结构和功能。     

促红细胞生成素与肾性贫血研究进展

肾性贫血的最主要原因是促红细胞生成素(EPO)缺乏。人类重组促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)应用于临床后，明显改善了终末期肾脏病病人的临床症状和生活质量。本文就EPO的生理、病理特征和rHuEPO的临床应用现状及研究进展作一综述。     

胃癌组织促红细胞生成素受体表达与血管生成的关系及意义

目的探讨促红细胞生成素(EPO)受体表达与肿瘤间质血管生成的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法,用抗EPO受体的多克隆抗体和抗血管内皮细胞CD31单克隆抗体对50例胃癌组织标本进行分析。结果胃癌组织中微血管密度(MVD)明显高于正常对照胃组织[(25±13)比 (12±4),P<0．01],与肿瘤分化情况(P>0．05)无关,而与肿瘤大小、侵润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、TNM分期密切相关;EPO受体表达与MVD高度相关(P<0．01)。结论 EPO受体水平与胃癌患者的血管生成程度和病情进展高度相关,EPO在胃癌发生发展过程中可能是一种内源性的促进肿瘤血管生成的因子。     

促红细胞生成素与肾性贫血研究进展

肾性贫血的最主要原因是促红细胞生成素 (EPO)缺乏。人类重组促红细胞生成素 (rHuE PO)应用于临床后 ,明显改善了终末期肾脏病病人的临床症状和生活质量。本文就EPO的生理、病理特征和rHuEPO的临床应用现状及研究进展作一综述     

加减补中益气汤联合促红细胞生成素治疗肾性贫血疗效观察

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者肾单位不同程度被破坏,促红细胞生成素(EPO)生成量减少,同时伴有释放缺陷,导致EPO相对或绝对不足。临床观察发现,肾性贫血的严重程度和肾功能受损害程度呈现正相关,利用重组人促红细胞生成素纠正肾性贫血也是基于这一病理生理基础。     

不同血透方式对促红细胞生成素疗效的影响

促红细胞生成素(EPO)治疗肾性贫血已有多年,不同的血透方式对EPO的反应是否存在差异,本文对此进行了对照观察.     

活血复肾胶囊对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾性贫血的影响

目的:探讨活血复肾胶囊对慢性肾衰竭(chronic renal failure, CRF)过程中肾性贫血的影响.方法:采用腺嘌呤制作大鼠CRF模型,分为4组:正常对照组、模型对照组、活血复肾胶囊组及川芎嗪组,治疗4周后分别观察血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)等的变化.结果:在模型对照组中Hb、Hct、EPO水平明显低于正常对照组,采用活血复肾胶囊治疗后血红蛋白水平明显升高.结论:活血复肾胶囊对CRF肾性贫血具有治疗作用.     

特发性肾出血36例诊治分析

目的：探讨特发性肾出血的诊断与治疗,提高其诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月～2010年8月我科收治的特发性肾出血36例。结果：36例患者中肾动静脉瘘28例,微小肾盂及。肾盏癌4例,肾动脉瘤3例,肾假性动脉瘤1例。其中29例行选择性肾动脉栓塞术,2例行肾切除术,4例行肾盂癌根治术,所有治疗后患者血尿均消失;1例因肾动静脉瘘多处,未进行治疗。结论：外科常见的特发性肾出血病例以肾血管疾病最为常见,选择性肾动脉造影及肾动脉栓塞术对特发性肾出血的诊治有重要意义。对于难以确诊的特发性肾出血患者,要考虑到微小肾盂肾盏癌的可能,输尿管软镜检查对其诊断有一定帮助。     

Isolated hydatid disease of the native kidney in a renal transplant recipient.

A 43-year-old male renal allograft recipient was admitted tothe hospital for annual check-up. He received a cadaveric renaltransplant 2 years previously. On admission his physical examinationdid not show any abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasonography ofthe patient revealed     

Renal Ischemic Injury Affects Renal Hemodynamics and Excretory Functions in Sprague Dawley Rats: Involvement of Renal Sympathetic Tone

The role of renal sympathetic nerves in the pathogenesis of ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) and the immediate changes in the renal excretory functions following renal ischemia were investigated. Two groups of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were anesthetized (pentobarbitone sodium, 60 mg kg^?1 i.p.) and subjected to unilateral renal ischemia by clamping the left renal artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion. In group 1, the renal nerves were electrically stimulated and the responses in the renal blood flow (RBF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were recorded, while group 2 was used to study the early changes in the renal functions following renal ischemia. In post-ischemic animals, basal RBF and the renal vasoconstrictor reperfusion to renal nerve stimulation (RNS) were significantly lower (all p < 0.05 vs. control). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), basal RVR, urine flow rate (UFR), absolute and fractional excretions of sodium (U_NaV and FE_Na), and potassium (U_KV and FE_K) were higher in ARF rats (all p < 0.05 vs. control). Post-ischemic animals showed markedly lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p < 0.05 vs. control). No appreciable differences were observed in urinary sodium to potassium ratio (U_Na/U_K) during the early reperfusion phase of renal ischemia (p > 0.05 vs. control). The data suggest an immediate involvement of renal sympathetic nerve action in the pathogenesis of ischemic ARF primarily through altered renal hemodynamics. Diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis due to impaired renal tubular functions are typical responses to renal ischemia and of comparable magnitudes.     

Prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients starting dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) can lead to end-stage renal failure (ESRF). We determined the prevalence of ARAS in patients 45 years of age or older starting renal replacement therapy. METHODS: Forty-nine of 80 consecutive patients (37 males, 12 females) starting renal replacement therapy in our centre gave informed consent and underwent spiral computed tomographic angiography of their renal arteries. A renal artery diameter reduction of 50% or more assessed by two radiologists was considered as a significant stenosis. RESULTS: Twenty of 49 patients (41%) had an ARAS, and in eight cases (16%) this was bilateral or unilateral with a single kidney. Women were more likely to have an ARAS than men; 75 (9/12) vs 30% (11/37, P<0.01). However, relatively more women declined participation. Non-participants and participants did not differ in respect to other relevant clinical data. Nonetheless, findings in these patients would be negative, the prevalence of ARAS would still be 31% in women and 22% in men (NS). In 13 patients with ARAS the registered diagnosis of ESRF either was hypertension, renovascular disease or unknown. Assuming that in these patients atherosclerotic renovascular disease was the cause of renal failure, a total of 13 patients (13/49, 27%) entered the dialysis programme because of this problem. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ARAS is an important cause of ESRF.     

The use of the hypogastric artery in the anastomosis of multiple renal arteries in the transplant patient

Abstract. Alternative techniques for handling multiple renal vessels in living related kidney transplants by use of the hypogastric artery are presented. This vessel can be used either as a tubular vascular graft or as a Carrel patch graft. Details of these techniques are discussed.     

Indirect computed tomography sign of renal artery injury: Retrograde filling of the renal vein

Computed tomography is a very useful diagnostic tool in children's trauma. In the present case report, retrograde filling of the renal vein during computerized tomographic examination of a patient with renal trauma is presented. This is an indirect sign of traumatic renal artery injury. This finding might assist in the early diagnosis of severe renovascular trauma.     

Etiology of chronic renal failure in Turkish children

The etiology of chronic renal failure (CRF) was studied in 459 Turkish children (205 girls, 254 boys) for the period January 1979-December 1993. Their mean age at onset of CRF was 9.5±4.2 years (range 1–16 years); CRF was defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 50 ml/min per 1.73 m² for at least 6 months. When a GFR determination was not available, the serum creatinine concentration was used: greater than 1 mg/dl for children aged 1–3 years, greater than 1.5 mg/dl for those 3–10 years and greater than 2 mg/dl for those 10–16 years. Primary renal disorders were as follows: reflux nephropathy 32.4% glomerular diseases 22.2%, hereditary renal disorders 11.4%, amyloidosis 10.6%, urinary stones 8% and other renal disorders 15.4%. Twenty-three cases of reflux nephropathy (15.4%) were associated with neural tube defects (NTD) and 20 (13.4%) were caused by infravesical obstruction. CRF caused vesicoureteral reflux associated with NTD and amyloidosis are more frequent in our series compared with west European and Nordic countries.     

The Spectrum of Adult Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis in the New Millennium

Background. Postinfectious glomerulonephritis is rare in adults. The characteristics of the disease now differ from what were described decades ago. The goal of this study is to illustrate the clinicopathological spectrum of the disease in the modern era. Methods. Between July 2000 and June 2008, 20 adult cases of postinfectious glomerulonephritis were identified at a medical center in Taiwan. The patients' records were retrospectively reviewed with respect to clinical presentation, microbiology, serology, morphology of renal biopsy, and clinical course. Results. There were 14 males and 6 females. The mean age was 61 years. All patients developed acute renal failure, and the majority (65%) required dialysis support during the disease course. Hypocomplementemia was present in 60% of patients. The most frequently identified infectious agent was Staphylococcus (60%). Histological characteristics showed two distinct patterns of glomerulonephritis: diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (65%) and focal mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (35%). There were no significant differences in the clinical presentation and outcome between the two groups. However, glomerular neutrophil infiltration was more commonly present in diffuse endocapillary proliferative pattern (p = 0.017). The percentage of patients with focal mesangial proliferative pattern significantly increased over time (p < 0.001). At the last follow-up, 6 patients (30%) had died, 6 (30%) were in complete remission, 4 (20%) had partial remission with renal insufficiency, and 4 (20%) were on chronic dialysis. Conclusions. Our data suggested that Staphylococcus had become the leading pathogen in adult postinfectious glomerulonephritis over the past 10 years. Furthermore, atypical histological feature with focal mesangial proliferative pattern was increasingly identified over time. The prognosis was still guarded, carrying a considerable mortality rate and risk for developing chronic renal failure.