人参皂苷抗金葡菌肺感染的作用

目的:观察研究人参皂苷对金葡菌感染的作用及其特点。方法:体外肺AⅡ型上皮细胞及小鼠肺感染为模型,观察金葡菌感染后细胞侵染相关因子、炎性相关因子以及细菌数和死亡率,以及人参皂苷及人参皂苷Rg1的作用。结果:金葡菌感染后,人参皂苷能够明显降低胞内菌含量,降低粘附因子及其整合素的表达,抑制相关炎性因子,人参皂苷Rg1是其主要活性成分。结论:在抗金葡菌急性感染过程中,人参皂苷发挥了对感染细胞和组织的保护作用,而这些作用不完全依赖于机体免疫系统的功能。     

人参皂苷Rg3对人肺鳞癌裸鼠移植瘤生长及VEGF bFGF表达的影响

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg3对人肺鳞癌SK-MES-1细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长及血管生成相关因子VEGF、bF-GF表达的影响。方法:通过皮下种植SK-MES-1细胞建立人肺鳞癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,成瘤后随机分为4组:对照组(生理盐水,0.5ml.d-1)、低剂量Rg3组(0.5mg·kg-1.d-1)、中剂量Rg3组(1mg·kg-1.d-1)和高剂量Rg3组(2mg·kg-1.d-1),每日灌胃1次,共28次。测量各组裸鼠移植瘤体积,光镜下观察移植瘤组织的形态;应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交法研究裸鼠移植瘤组织VEGF、bFGF的表达变化。结果:人参皂苷Rg3可显著抑制移植瘤的生长,各实验组抑瘤率分别达到41.47%、61.29%和80.14%,与对照组相比,肿瘤生长明显受抑,且具有剂量依赖性,各实验组移植瘤体积与对照组间比较P0.05,有统计学意义。Rg3能够抑制移植瘤VEGF、bFGFmRNA和蛋白表达,具有剂量依赖性,各实验组与对照组间比较均有统计学意义。结论:人参皂苷Rg3具有显著的抗肺鳞癌移植瘤作用,其机制可能与下调VEGF、bFGF表达有关。人参皂苷Rg3作为一种新的抗肺鳞癌药物,其作用机制有待于进一步研究。     

理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚对Caco-2细胞PepT1转运功能影响的比较

目的:观察比较理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚对Caco-2细胞肽转运载体PepT1转运二肽的能力及其蛋白、mRNA表达的影响。方法:Caco-2细胞融合后连续培养28d后分别给予理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚处理,并设立正常对照组及cAMP抑制剂对照组,用放射性同位素示踪技术比较Caco-2细胞转运二肽化合物Glycyl-Sarcosine的能力,采用westernblot方法测定Caco-2细胞膜上PepT1蛋白的表达,荧光定量PCR方法测定PepT1mRNA(SLC15A1)的表达水平。结果:理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1及6-姜酚均在不同程度上表现为促进Caco-2细胞转运Glycyl-Sarcosine的作用;Caco-2细胞经理中汤/人参皂苷Rg1/6-姜酚处理24h后,细胞膜PepT1蛋白表达水平均明显增高。6-姜酚能明显上调Caco-2细胞SLC15A1表达,人参皂苷对Caco-2细胞SLC15A1表达的作用表现为下调,理中汤对Caco-2细胞SLC15A1表达作用不明显。且理中汤、人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚三者作用各有特点。结论:理中汤及其成分人参皂苷Rg1、6-姜酚具有促进正常培养Caco-2细胞转运二肽化合物Glycyl-Sarcosine的作用,该过程调控与胞内第二信使cAMP有一定的关系。     

人参皂苷Rg3增强PD-1抑制剂对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤免疫治疗作用的体外研究

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg3联合PD-1抑制剂对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的作用,通过体外实验观察人参皂苷Rg3在增强T细胞对抗淋巴瘤治疗中的作用及其机制。方法:收集DLBCL患者的外周血,提取单个核细胞,体外激活并扩增T细胞,建立T细胞与肿瘤细胞共培养体系,检测联合人参皂苷Rg3能否增强PD-1抑制剂对T细胞增殖、凋亡和细胞因子分泌的影响。结果:DLBCL细胞可抑制T细胞增殖,促进凋亡;联合人参皂苷Rg3能够增强PD-1抑制剂对恢复T细胞增殖,减少凋亡,并增加细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ分泌的作用。结论:人参皂苷Rg3增强PD-1抑制剂对DLBCL的抗肿瘤作用,其机制为增强T细胞增殖,抑制凋亡,增加细胞因子分泌。     

人参皂苷对DC2.4吞噬抗原和表达CD40分子的影响

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1及其联合使用对树突状细胞系DC2.4吞噬抗原和表面分子表达的影响。方法:体外培养DC2.4细胞,分别加入不同剂量人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1及Rg1+Rb1孵育24h后,分别加入异硫氰酸荧光素标记的卵白蛋白(FITC-OVA),流式细胞仪检测DC2.4细胞吞噬卵白蛋白抗原的情况;体外培养DC2.4细胞,分别加入LPS和不同剂量人参皂苷孵育24h,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面分子CD40的表达。结果:人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1、Rg1+Rb1在一定浓度可促进DC2.4细胞抗原吞噬的能力;三者均抑制CD40的表达。结论:人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1可通过影响DCs的抗原吞噬功能来发挥免疫调节作用;Rg1、Rb1联合使用与单独应用比较无明显差异。     

人参皂苷Rg3联合紫杉醇协同诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg3联合紫杉醇是否具有协同诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的作用。方法:将人胃癌BGC—823细胞裸鼠移植瘤动物模型,随机分为4组(每组10只):人参皂苷Rg3组(GS-Rg3:10mg.kg-1.d-1灌胃),紫杉醇组(紫杉醇10 mg/kg腹腔内注入,每周2次),联合组(人参皂苷Rg3+紫杉醇,用法同上),对照组(生理盐水组)。连续用药三周。用药结束后脱颈处死裸鼠,统计各组抑瘤率;流式细胞仪检测移植瘤细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR测定凋亡关键因子Caspase-3水平,电镜观察肿瘤细胞凋亡状态。结果:联合组(人参皂苷Rg3+紫杉醇)抑瘤率明显大于人参皂苷Rg3组和紫杉醇组(P<0.01);联合组肿瘤细胞凋亡率明显大于紫杉醇及人参皂苷Rg3组(P<0.01),联合组Caspase-3水平最高,与紫杉醇组、人参皂苷Rg3组比较有显著差异(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论:人参皂苷Rg3联合紫杉醇能协同诱导胃癌细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤的生长。     

人参皂苷Rg1对LPS诱导的SK-N-SH细胞株脑啡肽酶表达的影响

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rg1对LPS诱导的SK-N-SH细胞株脑啡肽酶(NEP)表达的影响.方法:应用MTT比色法检测一定剂量LPS(50 mg/L)和不同浓度人参皂苷Rg1(5、10、20 μmol/L)对SK-N-SH细胞存活率的影响,应用RT-PCR观察细胞中NEP表达的变化.结果:50 mg/L的LPS能使SK-N-SH细胞存活率降低,细胞内NEP的表达下降.人参皂苷Rg1能提高LPS处理的SK-N-SH细胞的存活率,使NEP的表达增高.结论:人参皂苷Rg1对LPS造成的细胞毒性具有一定的保护作用,并可对抗LPS对细胞内NEP表达的降低.     

人参皂苷Rg3影响EA.hy926人血管内皮细胞侵袭、增殖及微管形成的实验研究

目的探讨人参皂苷Rg3抗肿瘤血管新生的作用机制。方法用不同浓度的人参皂苷Rg3作用于体外培养的EA.hy926人血管内皮细胞株,采用transwell小室法观察细胞的侵袭能力,MTT法观察细胞抑制率,tube formation法观察微管形成情况。结果人参皂苷Rg3可以剂量依赖性地抑制EA.hy926细胞的侵袭能力及微管形成能力,但对EA.hy926细胞的增殖没有明显的抑制作用。结论人参皂苷Rg3的抗肿瘤血管生成作用不是通过直接抑制内皮细胞的增殖,而是通过抑制内皮细胞形成微管样结构及其侵袭能力来实现的。     

人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1对Aβ25-35诱导CHO细胞毒性影响

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1对β-淀粉样蛋白25-35片段(A β25-35)诱导中国仓鼠卵巢瘤(CHO)细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:利用MTT法和Annexin ⅴ-FITC染色流式细胞仪检测法,依次观察人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1对40μM的Aβ25-35多肽诱导CHO细胞24h后细胞活性和细胞凋亡的干预作用。结果:加入Aβ25-35多肽模型组细胞较未加用对照组细胞活性低(P<0.05),加入Aβ25-35多肽模型组细胞凋亡数高于未加用对照组(P<0.05),模型组细胞加用人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1组细胞损伤和凋亡数均较未加用组细胞有不同程度减少(P<0.05)。结论:天然药单体人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1在一定剂量范围内均能抑制Aβ25-35诱导的神经细胞损伤。     

人参皂苷Rg1对心肌梗死大鼠心脏的促血管生成作用研究

目的 探讨人参皂苷Rg1对心肌梗死大鼠冠状动脉新生血管形成的影响及其作用机制.方法 结扎wistar大鼠左冠状动脉制作急性心肌梗死(AMI)模型,应用人参皂苷Rg1动员自体骨髓干细胞,建模后第24小时、1周和4周时分别处死大鼠,取出心脏,HE染色检测梗死面积,免疫组化方法观察心肌梗死灶、边缘区和正常心肌组织CD34阳性细胞、VEGF及其受体的表达,以及Ⅷ因子表达.结果 应用人参皂苷Rg1治疗后,治疗组大鼠心梗区可见CD34阳性细胞浸润;梗死面积明显减小;梗死灶及周围组织中微血管密度、VEGF及其受体(Flk-1)的表达量均明显高于AMI组及假手术对照组.结论 在大鼠AMI模型中,应用人参皂苷Rg1治疗,可动员骨髓干细胞归巢于缺血心肌,有效促进微血管形成,通过上调VEGF和VEGF受体Flk-1的表达,促进血管再生,促进缺血心脏功能恢复.     

布鲁日岁月静好

那此第一眼看见的花花草草，跟你自来熟，用听不懂的语言聊着无关痛痒但温暖的话题--脚踩着中世纪的石板路，你以为自己在这悠闲的城中已然生活了好些年。     

灵芝合剂的体内外抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 观察灵芝合剂抗肿瘤作用及其可能机制. 方法 采用体外细胞培养方法观察灵芝合剂对人肝癌细胞株QGY7703、大鼠肝癌细胞株CBRH7919、人胃癌细胞株BGC823的增殖抑制作用;体内试验将50只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、环磷酰胺组、灵芝合剂组和联合组各10只,除正常对照组外建立S180荷瘤小鼠模型,环磷酰胺组以30 mg/kg腹腔注射环磷酰胺,灵芝合剂组以50 mg/kg灵芝合剂灌胃,联合组给予灵芝合剂和环磷酰胺,正常对照组及模型组灌胃等量生理盐水,各组连续给药14天.计算各组小鼠抑瘤率、脾脏指数、胸腺指数,检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的水平. 结果 灵芝合剂组0.4～6.4 mg/ml药物浓度对CBRH7919、BGC823肿瘤细胞株具有明显的增殖抑制效果,且有一定的浓度依赖性(P＜0.05).灵芝合剂组、环磷酰胺组和联合组抑瘤率分别为47.90％、69.57％、78.67％.灵芝合剂组及联合组小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数与环磷酰胺组比较明显提高(P＜0.05).除环磷酰胺组IL-6含量与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义外,3个给药组TNF-α、IL-6的含量均高于正常对照组(P＜0.05). 结论 灵芝合剂有一定的抗肿瘤活性,其作用机制可能与增强荷瘤小鼠免疫力,提高其血清TNF-α、IL-6含量有关.     

Antifungal Activity of Gallic Acid In Vitro and In Vivo

Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol natural compound found in many medicinal plant species, including pomegranate rind (Punica granatum L.), and has been shown to have antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties. Pomegranate rind is used to treat bacterial and fungal pathogens in Uyghur and other systems of traditional medicine, but, surprisingly, the effects of GA on antifungal activity have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of GA on fungal strains both in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the NCCLS (M38‐A and M27‐A2) standard method in vitro, and GA was found to have a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, with MICs for all the tested dermatophyte strains between 43.75 and 83.33 μg/mL. Gallic acid was also active against three Candida strains, with MICs between 12.5 and 100.0 μg/mL. The most sensitive Candida species was Candida albicans (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL), and the most sensitive filamentous species was Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 43.75 μg/mL), which was comparable in potency to the control, fluconazole. The mechanism of action was investigated for inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis using an HPLC‐based assay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Gallic acid reduced the activity of sterol 14α‐demethylase P450 (CYP51) and squalene epoxidase in the T. rubrum membrane, respectively. In vivo model demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection administration of GA (80 mg/kg d) significantly enhanced the cure rate in a mice infection model of systemic fungal infection. Overall, our results confirm the antifungal effects of GA and suggest a mechanism of action, suggesting that GA has the potential to be developed further as a natural antifungal agent for clinical use. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antifungal Activity of Ellagic Acid In Vitro and In Vivo

Ellagic acid (EA) has been shown to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory activities. In Uighur traditional medicine, Euphorbia humifusa Willd is used to treat fungal diseases, and recent studies suggest that it is the EA content which is responsible for its therapeutic effect. However, the effects of EA on antifungal activity have not yet been reported. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of EA on fungal strains both in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (M38‐A and M27‐A2) standard method in vitro. EA had a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, with MICs for all the tested dermatophyte strains between 18.75 and 58.33 µg/ml. EA was also active against two Candida strains, with MICs between 25.0 and 75.0 µg/ml. It was inactive against Candida glabrata. The susceptibility of six species of dermatophytes to EA was comparable with that of the commercial antifungal, fluconazole. The most sensitive filamentous species was Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 18.75 µg/ml). Studies on the mechanism of action using an HPLC‐based assay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed that EA inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis and reduced the activity of sterol 14α‐demethylase P450 (CYP51) in the Trichophyton rubrum membrane, respectively. An in vivo test demonstrated that topical administration of EA (4.0 and 8.0 mg/cm²) significantly enhanced the cure rate in a guinea‐pig infection model of Trichophyton rubrum. The results suggest that EA has the potential to be developed as a natural antifungal agent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中药在韩国

一、韩国进口我国中药材的现状 1.韩国进口我国的中药材种类逐年增加,总量有所下降。我国对韩出口的中药材种类逐年增加,目前接近300种,其中甘草、桂皮、半夏、茯苓、黄芩、红花、远志、愈裕等对韩出口金额较大,如甘草每年对韩出口额高达400万美元左右,其它几种药材的出口额也超过100万美元。但金融危机使我国大部分中药材对韩出口出现了下滑,如鹿茸从1996年的563万美元降至1998年的39万美元,地     

The In Vitro and In Vivo Antiangiogenic Effects of Flavokawain B

Angiogenesis is implicated in the development of a variety of pathological processes, most commonly cancer. It is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, making it an important cancer therapeutic target. Naturally occurring substances have led to the discovery of anticancer agents. Flavokawain B (FKB), a chalcone isolated from the root extracts of kava‐kava plant, inhibits proliferation and causes apoptosis in vitro and in vivo of various cancer cell lines. The antimetastatic potential of FKB has also been suggested. In our study, we confirm the antiangiogenic action of FKB in vitro and, for the first time, demonstrate its strong antiangiogenic activity in vivo, using a zebrafish model. Our data show that FKB inhibits human brain endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and tube formation even at very low and non‐toxic concentrations. Moreover, FKB blocks angiogenesis process in zebrafish, with a dramatic reduction of subintestinal vein formation in a dose‐dependent manner. Flavokawain B at the concentration of 2.5 μg/mL did not exhibit any toxic effects in zebrafish larvae and caused a markedly or complete obliteration of subintestinal vein formation. Our findings along with previously published data confirm that FKB may form the basis for creating an additional tool in the treatment of cancer and other neovascularization‐related diseases. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inhibitory Effects of Nobiletin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo

Nobiletin (5, 6, 7, 8, 3′ 4′‐hexamethoxyflavone) is a major anticancer component in juice from zhishi (Rutaceae). This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Nobiletin on hepatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), growth curve, and clonogenic assay showed that nobiletin inhibited the proliferation of SMMC‐7721 cells in vitro. Hoechst staining observed the characteristics of cell apoptosis in nobiletin‐treated cells, and the apoptotic rates of treated groups were increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that nobiletin could block the cell cycle arrested at G2 phase. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Results showed that cell cycle phase distribution analysis showed G2 arrest. It was found that nobiletin downregulated the expressions of Bcl‐2 and COX‐2 and up‐regulated the expressions of Bax and caspase‐3 in SMMC‐7721 cells by western blotting. The experiment in vivo demonstrated that nobiletin significantly inhibited the growth of H22 transplantable tumor, downregulated the expressions of COX‐2, up‐regulated the expressions of Bax and caspase‐3 detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and the ratios of Bcl‐2/Bax were decreased. Our results suggest that nobiletin has significant inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In Vitro and In Vivo leishmanicidal activities of natural and synthetic quinoids

The activities of various compounds isolated from plants traditionally used against leishmaniasis in populations from the tablelands of the Guyanas have been examined. The leishmanicidal activity of plant extracts was evaluated by in vitro testing on promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania amazonensis and by in vivo tests on L. amazonensis in mice. The leaves of Jacaranda copaia (Aublet) D. Don yielded two compounds: ursolic acid and jaracanone. Ursolic acid showed an interesting activity in vitro with an ED₅₀ against amastigotes of 0.02 mM and no toxicity to macrophages at twice this dose. Jacaranone displayed a marked activity against promastigotes in vitro with an ED₅₀ of 0.02 mM. Both compounds have weak in vivo antileishmanial activity. Similar synthetic compounds such as quinol and quinone acetates were prepared and showed increased activity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice.     

呼吸内抗生素的应用

抗生素是治疗呼吸系统感染的必需药品,但是抗生素使用不当则会导致十分严重的后果,因此呼吸系统感染在选择抗生素的时候应当坚持谨慎的原则。