招飞体检中对视网膜出血标准掌握的探讨

目的 通过对1987-2006年20年间招飞体检中发现的视网膜出血受检者的出血部位、形态进行统计分类及分析,探讨招飞体检中视网膜出血标准掌握的原则. 方法 对参加招飞体检的37 446人按地区分组进行散瞳、检查眼底,对217例视网膜出血眼进行分析、追踪检查.并对其中34例进行了凝血象检查. 结果 37 446人视网膜出血217眼,发生率为0.29%,地区间比较差异无统计学意义.出血眼中单纯性圆点状视网膜出血和火焰状出血占73.27%.伴有视网膜血管改变及其他眼底病变占17.51%,形态不规则出血占9.22%,出血形态组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.553,P<0.05).出血部位在视网膜后极部占49.77%,视网膜周边及赤道部占31.80%;视乳头旁及黄斑区占18.43%,出血部位组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.858,P<0.05).217眼中结论 合格159眼,占73.27%;不合格58眼,占26.73%. 结论 招飞体检中单纯性视网膜出血能在较短时间内完全吸收,无后遗症.除伴有先天性血管变异、多发性及眼底有其他异常的视网膜出血者外,原则上视网膜出血予以保留. Abstract： Objective To investigate and discuss the evaluation criterion of retinal hemorrhage by analyzing its location and morphology those were collected in pilot recruiting from 1987 to 2006.Methods Ocular fundus of 37 446 candidates',who were grouped by area (Shandong and Northeast region).were examined after mydriasis and 217 eyes of retinal hemorrhage were picked and tracked for analysis.Among these cases 34 were tested by coagulogram examination. Results The incidence of retinaI hemorrhage was 0.29% for 37 446 candidates (74 892 eyes) and no regional difference was found.In morphologic statistic,73.27%retinal hemorrhages were dot-shaped or flame-shaped while 9.22% were irregular-shaped.17.51%retinal hemorrhages were found with retinal vascular changes or other ocular fundus affections.There was significant difference between groups in morphologic analysis (χ2=10.553,P<0.05).For hemorrhage location,49.77% were at posterior pole,31.80% were at peripheral or equatorial area of retina and 18.43%were beside papilla optica or at macular area.The location of hemorrhage also showed significant difference between groups (χ2=11.858,P<0.05).159 of 217 eyes (73.27%) were finally assessed as eligible. Conclusions Simple retinal hemorrhage.that were found in pilot recruiting,could be recovered and no sequela resulted.Qualification could be issued to those candidates with simple retinal hemorrhage but with innate vascular variation or multiple ocular fundus abnormality.     

招飞体检中对视网膜出血标准掌握的探讨

Objective To investigate and discuss the evaluation criterion of retinal hemorrhage by analyzing its location and morphology those were collected in pilot recruiting from 1987 to 2006.Methods Ocular fundus of 37 446 candidates',who were grouped by area (Shandong and Northeast region).were examined after mydriasis and 217 eyes of retinal hemorrhage were picked and tracked for analysis.Among these cases 34 were tested by coagulogram examination. Results The incidence of retinaI hemorrhage was 0.29% for 37 446 candidates (74 892 eyes) and no regional difference was found.In morphologic statistic,73.27%retinal hemorrhages were dot-shaped or flame-shaped while 9.22% were irregular-shaped.17.51%retinal hemorrhages were found with retinal vascular changes or other ocular fundus affections.There was significant difference between groups in morphologic analysis (χ2=10.553,P<0.05).For hemorrhage location,49.77% were at posterior pole,31.80% were at peripheral or equatorial area of retina and 18.43%were beside papilla optica or at macular area.The location of hemorrhage also showed significant difference between groups (χ2=11.858,P<0.05).159 of 217 eyes (73.27%) were finally assessed as eligible. Conclusions Simple retinal hemorrhage.that were found in pilot recruiting,could be recovered and no sequela resulted.Qualification could be issued to those candidates with simple retinal hemorrhage but with innate vascular variation or multiple ocular fundus abnormality.     

飞行人员恶性肿瘤术后安全放飞指征的临床研究

目的 研究和探讨我国飞行人员恶性肿瘤手术后放飞的安全标准. 方法 回顾分析38年间,经病理检查确诊为恶性肿瘤并进行外科手术的飞行人员病例资料,全组25例飞行人员恶性肿瘤术后放飞13例. 结果 本组13例恶性肿瘤术后放飞的飞行人员中,甲状腺癌4例、结肠癌3例、膀胱癌2例,胃癌、胰腺囊腺瘤、乳腺癌和耻骨软骨肉瘤各1例.经手术治疗及术后辅助治疗,13例病人机体状况恢复良好,鉴定结论 :飞行合格.术后随访3～38年,飞行时间30～2000 h,飞行状态良好. 结论 部分患恶性肿瘤的飞行人员,通过仔细认真的手术、正规的术后辅助治疗和护理、循序渐进的体能锻炼、定期严格的健康体检,可以达到飞行合格.作者提出了适合我国飞行人员恶性肿瘤术后恢复飞行的基本标准. Abstract： Objective To study and discuss the safety standard of flying qualification for the postoperative flying personnel with malignant tumor. Methods Related case history in past 38 years was retrospectively reviewed and sought 13 flying qualified cases out of 25 postoperative flying personnel with malignant tumor. Results Among 13 qualified cases there were 4 cases of thyroid carcinoma, 3 cases of colon carcinoma, 2 cases of bladder carcinoma and 4 cases respectively were gastric cancer, cystadenoma of pancreas, breast carcinoma and pubis osteochondrosarcoma. Those 13 cases were cured by operation and other adjuvant treatments and were diagnosed as well recovered. Since they were qualified for flying, the 3-38 years follow-up showed that they had fitted in flying for 30-2000 h. Conclusions Some flying personnel with malignant tumor would be qualified for flying by operation, proper adjuvant treatments and regular nursing, as well as the progressive physical exercise and under regular rigorous physical examination. The paper also puts forward a basic standard that suited for Chinese military flying personnel with malignant tumor.     

脉搏波传导速度和踝臂指数在飞行人员动脉硬化早期检测中的应用

目的 探讨脉搏波传导速度(pulse wave velocity,PWV)和踝臂指数(ankle brachial pressure index,ABI)在飞行人员动脉硬化早期检测中的应用价值.方法 应用动脉硬化检测仪,检测107例飞行人员的PWV和ABI,并与107例地方体检人员进行对比分析.结果 飞行人员组发现PWV异常10例(9.3%),对照组发现36例(33.6%);对照组发现1例ABI异常,而飞行人员组未见ABI异常;两组人群PWV均值随着年龄的增长而增大(F=3.314～13.819,P＜0.05),但飞行人员PWV均值显著低于同年龄组一般人群(t=2.187～4.208,P＜0.05).线性回归分析结果表明,飞行人员PWV与年龄、血压、腰围和体重指数显著相关(β=0.439～0.634,P＜0.01).结论 年龄、血压、腰围或体重指数的增加是飞行人员大动脉弹性降低的主要危险因素,PWV可以作为飞行人员血管早期病变检测与评价的功能指标. Abstract： Objective To explore the value of using pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) to detect the early arteriosclerosis in flying personnel. Methods PWV and ABI were detected in 107 cases of flying personnel by arteriosclerosis detector and 107 civil personnel were examined as control group. Results 10 cases (9.3%) of abnormal PWV were found in flying personnel group while 36 cases (33.6%) found in control group. Only one abnormal ABI case was in control group but in flying personnel group. The mean PWV of both groups' showed significant increase with the age growing (F= 3. 314-13. 819, P＜0. 05). The mean PWV of flying personnel group was significantly lower than that of the control group in same age segment (t= 2. 187-4. 208,P＜0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that PWV was closely related to the age, blood pressure, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in flying personnel group (β=0. 439-0. 634, P＜0. 05). Conclusions The increases of age, blood pressure and WC or BMI are the major risk factors of causing aorta elasticity decreased in flying personnel. It is suggested that the PWV would be an applicable functional index in early diagnosis of vascular pathological changes and in medical evaluation.     

军事飞行人员佩戴视力矫正镜研究进展

目的 综述军事飞行人员佩戴视力矫正镜飞行的研究进展.资料来源与选择该领域的相关研究论文和综述.资料引用国内外公开发表的文献24篇.资料综合综合分析高空低气压、加速度、缺氧、干燥及弹射跳伞等军事航空环境因素对佩戴视力矫正镜的影响,和视力矫正镜在军事航空中的应用.结论 军事飞行人员可以根据不同的机种、职务、任务佩戴不同的视力矫正镜,我军需要尽快开展军事飞行人员佩戴视力矫正镜方面的研究. Abstract： Objective To review the research progress on the practice of wearing corrective spectacles or contact lenses in flying personnel.Literature resource and selection Research papers and reviews in this field.Literature quotation Twenty-four published papers and reviews were cited.Literature synthesis The influences on the military flying personnel with corrective spectacles or contact lenses in aviation environment (atmospheric pressure, acceleration, hypoxia,humidity, ejection, etc.) were analyzed and the application of contact lenses in military aviation medicine was evaluated.Conclusion Military aviator wearing corrective spectacles or contact lenses has a quite long history in western countries and it applies according to aircraft type, flying roles and duty.It is acceptable by flying personnel and enables them with ameliorative visual ability in aviation environment.It is suggested to expand corresponding research and practice in China for dealing with the possible decline of flying personnel's diopter.     

彩色多普勒超声在诊断颈性眩晕飞行人员椎动脉异常中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在诊断颈性眩晕飞行人员椎动脉异常中的临床应用价值,分析飞行人员颈性眩晕与椎动脉异常的相关性.方法 对168例颈性眩晕飞行人员患者的椎动脉超声检查结果及相关影像学资料进行回顾性分析.结果 椎动脉发育异常78例,发育异常包括起源异常、行径异常和发育不良.其中起源异常9例,单侧或双侧行径异常11例,单侧或双侧发育不良32例,完全闭塞1例,行径异常伴发育不良25例;发育异常的椎动脉中血流动力学异常者48例.飞行不合格8例,暂时飞行不合格25例,临床诊治后飞行合格45例.结论 飞行人员颈性眩晕患者椎动脉先天异常所占比例较大,招飞工作是飞行工作的源头,提示我们应从源头把关,降低飞行人员的停飞率,建议将椎动脉超声检查纳人空军招收飞行学员体格检查标准. Abstract： Objective To study the correlation between cervical vertigo and vertebral artery abnormality by analyzing the clinical application of color Doppler ultrasonography on flying personnel.Methods The ultrasound imaging and related data of 168 flying personnel's with cervical vertigo were reviewed and analyzed.Results There were 78 cases of vertebral artery abnormalities,including 9 cases of anomalous origin, 11 cases of unilateral or bilateral behavior abnormalities, 33cases of dysplasia (32 cases of unilateral or bilateral dysplasia and 1 case of complete occlusion) and 25cases of behavior abnormality plus dysplasia.Vertebral artery hemodynamics abnormality was found in 48 cases.Among vertebral artery abnormalities, 8 and 25 cases were respectively assessed as permanently or temporally grounding while the rest 45 were qualified.Conclusions Congenital vertebral artery abnormalities take high proportion in the flying personnel with cervical vertigo.Vertebral artery ultrasound examination would be helpful for diagnosing vertebral artery abnormalities at recruiting stage and furthermore for reducing grounding rate.It is suggested that to include vertebral artery ultrasound examination in flying cadets physical examination.     

飞行人员甲状腺疾病的特点、诊治及医学鉴定

Objective To summarize the experiences of diagnosis,treatment and medical evaluation of thyroid disease in flying personnel. Methods Sixty-seven cases of thyroid diseases,that were hospitalized from December 2000 to December 2009,were collected and analyzed.They were concluded such categories as:①asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules;②Hashimoto's disease;③diseases of abnormal thyroid functions (including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism);and ④thyroid cancer.Their characteristics and the relationship between different categories were analyzed correspondingly to the evaluations for flying. Results ①Among 36 cases of diagnosed asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules (53.73%),4 (3 were adenoma and 1 was nodular goiter) were surgically treated.31 Cases were evaluated as qualified for flying but should be with regular medical check-up while the other 5 were permanently grounded.②There were 5 cases of Hashimoto's disease with normal thyroid functions (7.46%).They were qualified for flying but should be with regular medical check-up.③Thyroid dysfunction took 20 cases (29.85%),among which 18 were hyperthyroidism and 2 were hypothyroidism.Drug treatment was applied.Six cases were finally qualified for flying while the other 3 and 11 were respectively assessed as temporary and permanent grounding.④Six cases were thyroid cancer (8.96%),included 4 papillary carcinoma cases and 2 follicular thyroid carcinoma cases.Only 1 case was finally qualified for flying while the others were permanently grounded.Statistical analysis showed that thyroid dysfunction diseases and thyroid cancer caused significant higher disqualification rate than benign thyroid nodules and Hashimoto's diseases (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusions Benign thyroid nodules are the common thyroid diseases in flying personnel.But the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction diseases and thyroid malignant tumors should be cared in order to win the chance of treatment and further to reduce the rate of flying disqualification.     

飞行人员多系统萎缩二例并文献复习

目的 探讨2例飞行人员患罕见病多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)的临床特征、鉴别诊断、治疗、与飞行的关系及健康鉴定. 方法 分析2例飞行人员的临床资料及复习相关文献. 结果 2例起始表现均不典型,晚期1例表现较典型.因是罕见病,都有一定时期误诊.最终确诊主要根据临床表现,结合电生理及影像学检查.确诊后飞行结论 为飞行不合格. 结论 神经系统变性疾病起始表现隐袭,病程较长.飞行人员身体素质较好,发病后表现更加隐蔽.要求航空医生要更加仔细地观察临床表现及分析相关检查,尽早做出诊断,避免误诊.对此类神经系统变性疾病的飞行结论 要根据病情轻重、飞行机种及飞行任务综合评定. Abstract： Objective To investigate the clinical features by analyzing two flying personnel cases of multiple system atrophy (MSA) for the references to diagnosis, treatment, as well as the influence to flying and the criteria of individual aeromedical evaluation. Methods The clinical data of 2 cases of aircrew with MSA were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. Results The clinical MSA features of both cases were not typical in their early stage but 1 case appeared typical features in late stage. These 2 cases were misdiagnosed in a certain time because of MSA's rare occurrence, but finally the definite diagnosis was made by judging clinical features, electrophysiology and imageology examinations. These 2 pilots were finally disqualified for flying. Conclusions The clinical features of degeneration diseases of neurologic system in early stage were obscure and had relative longer course of disease, especially for those physical fitness pilots. So it raised higher requirements to the aviation physician in early recognizing the features of MSA for preventing misdiagnosis. Aeromedical assessment of flying personnel with degeneration diseases of neurologic system should be synthetically evaluated according to clinical features, aircraft type and mission.     

飞行人员甲状腺疾病的特点、诊治及医学鉴定

目的 总结飞行人员甲状腺疾病的诊治和医学鉴定经验. 方法 收集我院2000年12月-2009年12月间住院飞行人员67例甲状腺疾病资料,将其归为:①无症状的良性甲状腺结节;②慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎;③甲状腺功能异常类疾病(包括甲状腺机能亢进症和甲状腺机能减退症);④甲状腺恶性肿瘤.分析4类疾病的特点及飞行结论 情况. 结果 ①良性甲状腺结节36例(占53.73%),4例手术治疗(腺瘤3例,结节性甲状腺肿1例),除5例因其他原因停飞外,其余31例均飞行合格,定期复查;②慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎5例(占7.46%),甲状腺功能正常,均飞行合格,定期复查;③甲状腺功能异常类疾病20例(占29.85%,甲状腺机能亢进18例,甲状腺机能减退2例),均行药物治疗,6例飞行合格,3例暂时飞行不合格,11例停飞;④甲状腺恶性肿瘤6例(占8.96%,4例为乳头状癌,2例为滤泡状癌),1例飞行合格,5例停飞.经统计学分析,甲状腺功能异常类疾病和甲状腺恶性肿瘤的停飞率均高于良性甲状腺结节和慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05). 结论 飞行人员甲状腺疾病以无症状的良性结节常见,要重视功能异常类疾病和恶性肿瘤的早期诊断和治疗. Abstract： Objective To summarize the experiences of diagnosis,treatment and medical evaluation of thyroid disease in flying personnel. Methods Sixty-seven cases of thyroid diseases,that were hospitalized from December 2000 to December 2009,were collected and analyzed.They were concluded such categories as:①asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules;②Hashimoto's disease;③diseases of abnormal thyroid functions (including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism);and ④thyroid cancer.Their characteristics and the relationship between different categories were analyzed correspondingly to the evaluations for flying. Results ①Among 36 cases of diagnosed asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules (53.73%),4 (3 were adenoma and 1 was nodular goiter) were surgically treated.31 Cases were evaluated as qualified for flying but should be with regular medical check-up while the other 5 were permanently grounded.②There were 5 cases of Hashimoto's disease with normal thyroid functions (7.46%).They were qualified for flying but should be with regular medical check-up.③Thyroid dysfunction took 20 cases (29.85%),among which 18 were hyperthyroidism and 2 were hypothyroidism.Drug treatment was applied.Six cases were finally qualified for flying while the other 3 and 11 were respectively assessed as temporary and permanent grounding.④Six cases were thyroid cancer (8.96%),included 4 papillary carcinoma cases and 2 follicular thyroid carcinoma cases.Only 1 case was finally qualified for flying while the others were permanently grounded.Statistical analysis showed that thyroid dysfunction diseases and thyroid cancer caused significant higher disqualification rate than benign thyroid nodules and Hashimoto's diseases (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusions Benign thyroid nodules are the common thyroid diseases in flying personnel.But the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction diseases and thyroid malignant tumors should be cared in order to win the chance of treatment and further to reduce the rate of flying disqualification.     

免散瞳眼底照相在民航飞行员体检中的应用

目的：了解飞行员眼底疾病分布情况,探讨免散瞳眼底照相在民航飞行员体检鉴定中的应用价值。方法采用免散瞳眼底照相机和直接眼底镜对招飞学生和年度体检飞行员（40岁以上）进行眼底检查。结果915人接受了两种方法检查眼底,检出眼底疾病251例。其中视网膜动脉硬化居首位（12％）;其次是眼底先天性异常（5.8％）。在未散瞳状态下,眼底照相方法与传统的直接检眼镜检查结果符合率为94.75％,Kappa值为0.86,但优于后者。与直接检眼镜检查比较,眼底照相新发现眼底病例30例。对312名招飞学生散瞳后检查眼底,直接检眼镜检查新发现疾病21例。眼底照相方法与传统的直接检眼镜检查结果符合率为94.87％, Kappa值为0.87,后者更有优势。结论免散瞳眼底照相是一项操作简便、记录客观的方法,适合在飞行员年度体检和心脑血管事件危险因子预测中的应用。招飞体检是选拔性体检,为保证体检质量,散瞳后应以直接检眼镜为主,眼底照相辅助诊断。     

免散瞳眼底照相在空勤人员体检中的初步应用

目的 了解空勤人员眼底疾病分布情况,探索眼底照相技术在临床航空医学中的作用.方法 采用免散瞳眼底照相机和直接检眼镜对飞行员、空中交通管制人员及机械员进行检查,分析免散瞳眼底照相方法 检查眼底的可靠性. 结果 1212人接受了眼底检查,两种方法 同时检查的有723人.在后者中检出眼底疾病219例,其中视网膜动脉硬化居首位,占14.2%;其次为糖尿病视网膜病变和黄斑部病变,分别占5.6%和5.7%.眼底照相方法 与传统的直接检眼镜检查结果 符合率为92.4%,Kappa值为0.81,但优于后者.与直接检眼镜检查比较,眼底照相新发现眼底病54例. 结论 免散瞳眼底照相是一项操作简便、记录客观的方法 ,适合在空勤人员体检和对心脑血管事件危险因子预测中应用.     

Retinal vascular caliber in patients with newly diagnosed iron deficiency anemia

BackgroundTo evaluate the retinal vascular caliber using fundus photography in patients with newly diagnosed iron deficiency anemia (IDA).MethodsThis study included 56 eyes of 28 female patients with IDA and the 56 eyes of 28 age- and sex-matched healthy participants. Retinal vascular calibers were measured using image analysis software from fundus photographs. The central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) and arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR) were compared between groups. Linear regression analysis was used to quantify the relative impact of hemoglobin level on CRAE, CRVE, and AVR.ResultsThe CRAE was significantly narrower in patients with IDA. However, no such difference appeared between groups in CRVE. AVR was significantly lower among patients with IDA than in the control group. Linear regression analysis revealed that in patients with IDA, hemoglobin level was associated with CRAE and CRVE but not with AVR. Among non-anemic individuals, there was also no association between hemoglobin level and CRAE, CRVE, or AVR.ConclusionsOur results showing that the CRAE is significantly narrower in patients with IDA than in healthy non-anemic individuals suggests that vascular caliber may reflect early microvascular alterations resulting from IDA. Added to that, hemoglobin level was associated with CRAE and CRVE in our linear regression analysis of patients with IDA. Certain changes in retinal vascular caliber are also clearly associated with high blood pressure, cardiovascular risk, and mortality. It may be critical to identify all alterations in retinal vascular caliber in order to prevent potential ocular and systemic disorders in patients with IDA.     

The pigmentary dispersion disorder in USAF aviators.

The pigmentary dispersion syndrome (PDS) can have serious ocular consequences. Visual changes due to glaucoma and the treatment required can threaten the high level of visual function necessary in military aviation. We reviewed the records of 50 aviators with PDS who were evaluated at the Aeromedical Consultation Service (formerly the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine) over the past 10 years. At last evaluation, 48 were still qualified to fly. Only two aviators were permanently removed from flying duties due to glaucoma. Initial intraocular pressures, cup-to-disc ratios, and refractions were not statistically correlated with progression to glaucoma, but sample sizes were small. At final evaluation, 20 of the 34 aviators with follow-up had glaucoma and required medication. Thirteen eyes underwent laser trabeculoplasty. With appropriate management, the majority of aviators with PDS were able to safely continue their flying careers.     

Effect of blunt ocular trauma on retinal microvasculature: An optical coherence tomography angiography study

BackgroundTo evaluate the retinal vascular changes and foveal avascular zone area in patients with unilateral blunt ocular trauma using optical coherence tomography angiography.MethodsThis retrospective study consisted of 50 traumatized and 50 contralateral sound eyes of the patients with blunt ocular trauma. The foveal avascular zone area, choriocapillaris flow area, foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal vessel densities in both superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus and central macular thickness were evaluated.ResultsThere were no significant differences between traumatized and sound eyes in the foveal avascular zone area (p:0.36), choriocapillaris flow area (p:0.43), central macular thickness (p:0.67), and in vessel densities of superficial capillary plexus over all regions (p > 0.05 for all). However, the vessel densities of deep capillary plexus were significantly lower in traumatized eyes (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionOptical coherence tomography angiography demonstrated a significant decrease in retinal deep capillary plexus vessel density of the eyes effected by blunt ocular trauma, even with no evident findings on fundus examination or structural spectral domain-optical coherence tomography changes.     

光动力疗法建立大鼠视网膜静脉阻塞模型

目的建立SD大鼠视网膜静脉阻塞模型。方法成年雄性SD大鼠20只,双眼均用。经大鼠尾静脉注入孟加拉红3 min后,采用波长532 nm的绿激光,对距离视乳头1～3 PD内的视网膜静脉段进行激光照射,形成一段约1 PD的静脉血栓模型。随后眼底和视网膜荧光血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA）连续3周观察模型的建立情况。并用光镜和透射电镜观察视网膜组织和血管结构。结果用激光联合孟加拉红的方法成功建立SD大鼠视网膜静脉阻塞的模型。FFA观察可见血流中断,远端血管纡曲扩张、视网膜出血等。光镜显示视网膜组织各层结构基本正常以及血管完全阻塞。电镜观察证实血管完全阻塞是由于血栓的形成。结论利用激光联合孟加拉红的方法可以成功建立大鼠视网膜静脉阻塞的模型。此方法对视网膜组织结构无明显损伤,为下一步研究视网膜静脉阻塞的治疗奠定了实验基础。     

高频彩超诊断视网膜中央动脉硬化的临床应用研究

目的探讨高频彩超诊断视网膜中央动脉硬化的临床应用价值。方法使用高频彩超检查40例眼底动脉硬化患者视网膜中央动脉,分析频谱形态,测量频谱收缩期、舒张期血流速度、阻力指数以及搏动指数。同时与正常组对照。结果眼底视网膜中央动脉硬化患病组彩色血流信号减少;舒张末期血流速度减慢;收缩期波峰园钝;舒张期血流低平、中断;血管阻力指数和搏动指数明显增大。结论视网膜中央动脉硬化有其彩色多谱勒血流和频谱异常表现特点。高频彩色多谱勒超声诊断该病有较充分的理论依据,有一定的临床诊断价值。     

Retinal image analysis aimed at blood vessel tree segmentation and early detection of neural-layer deterioration

An automatic method of segmenting the retinal vessel tree and estimating status of retinal neural fibre layer (NFL) from high resolution fundus camera images is presented. First, reliable blood vessel segmentation, using 2D directional matched filtering, enables to remove areas occluded by blood vessels thus leaving remaining retinal area available to the following NFL detection. The local existence of rather faint and hardly visible NFL is detected by combining several newly designed local textural features, sensitive to subtle NFL characteristics, into feature vectors submitted to a trained neural-network classifier. Obtained binary retinal maps of NFL distribution show a good agreement with both medical expert evaluations and quantitative results obtained by optical coherence tomography.