糖尿病大鼠肾组织中AKT的表达及意义

目的 观察Akt1和Akt2在糖尿病大鼠肾组织中的表达并探讨其是否参与糖尿病肾病(DN)发病过程.方法 链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发大鼠糖尿病(DM),分为2、4、8、12、16w和24w组,每一时点均设相应的正常对照组.测定各组血糖、24h尿蛋白、血肌酐(Scr)、肾脏指数.HE和PAS染色光镜观察肾脏病理改变.免疫组化方法检测肾皮质Akt1、Akt2、TGF-β1、α-SMA和FN的表达,Western印迹和RT-PCR法检测Akt1、Akt2蛋白及mRNA表达水平.结果 DM各组大鼠的血糖、24h尿蛋白、血肌酐、肾脏指数均较正常对照组明显升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),免疫组化显示DM各组TGF-β1、α-SMA和FN阳性染色较正常组明显增多(P＜0.01),以12 w增多最为明显,分别为19.67±2.73、9.50±3.45、22.17±2.79,免疫组化、Western印迹及RT-PCR显示DM各组Akt1及Akt2蛋白和mRNA表达较正常组明显增多(P＜0.01).免疫组化显示Akt1与TGF-β1、FN蛋白表达水平呈显著正相关(r＝0.694,r =0.532,P＜0.01),Akt2与rGF-β1、FN蛋白表达水平呈显著正相关(r=0.789,r=0.743,P＜0.01).结论 Akt1、Akt2蛋白在DM大鼠肾组织过度表达,提示PI3 K/Akt信号通路可能参与了DN的发病机制.     

糖尿病肥胖大鼠垂体糖皮质激素受体和11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶1 mRNA表达的改变

将大鼠以高脂喂养结合小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导,取血测皮质酮和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)的节律后,留取下丘脑和垂体,用实时定量PCR观察下丘脑和垂体糖皮质激素受体和11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶1(11β-HSD1)mRNA表达的改变.对照组、单纯肥胖组和肥胖糖尿病组大鼠的ACTH和皮质酮的水平没有明显改变(P=0.07),但肥胖组和肥胖糖尿病组皮质酮的节律消失.下丘脑糖皮质激素受体mRNA的表达组间无差异,但肥胖糖尿病组11β-HSD1 mRNA的表达高于对照组(P<0.05).垂体糖皮质激素受体和11β-HSD1 mRNA的表达肥胖糖尿病组低于肥胖组,肥胖组又低于对照组(均P<0.05).上述结果提示肥胖伴糖尿病大鼠的负反馈调节机制受损可能与垂体11 β-HSD1和糖皮质激素受体的表达下降有关.     

银杏达莫注射液对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的 探讨银杏达莫注射液对2型糖尿病肾病(2-DN)大鼠肾脏转化生长因子(TGF)-β1基因表达的影响,研究银杏达莫注射液对2-DN的治疗作用及机制.方法 选取实验大鼠60只,以高热量饲料加小剂量链脲佐菌素建立2-DN大鼠模型,随机分为对照组(B组)和治疗组(C组)(每组各15只),并取15只大鼠为正常组(A组),观察各组大鼠一般情况及24h血糖、Scr、BUN、Upr、肾脏病理改变;real time RT-PCR检测TGF-β1基因mRNA表达;ELISA检测血清中TGF-β1分泌水平.结果 B组及C组大鼠肾重/体重比值、BUN、Scr水平均高于A组(P＜0.01),C组大鼠肾重/体重比值、BUN、Scr水平低于B组(P＜0.01).Real Time RT-PCR检测结果显示C组大鼠肾脏TGF-β1 mRNA表达低于B组.结论 银杏达莫注射液能够降低2-DN大鼠肾脏TGF-β1 mRNA的表达和降低大鼠血液TGF-β1蛋白分泌,可通过抑制2-DN大鼠肾脏TGF-β1基因与蛋白的表达,达到对2-DN大鼠肾脏的保护作用.     

丝胶对糖尿病大鼠肾脏转化生长因子-β_1表达的影响

目的观察丝胶对糖尿病大鼠肾脏转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响。方法 48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、丝胶治疗组和阳性对照组,每组12只。链脲佐菌素腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,丝胶治疗组大鼠给予丝胶(2.4 g/kg)灌胃、阳性对照组大鼠给予二甲双胍(55.33 mg/kg)灌胃。分别检测各组大鼠的血肌酐和尿素氮,SP免疫组织化学染色法观察大鼠肾脏TGF-β1的表达。结果糖尿病模型组大鼠的血尿素氮和肌酐明显高于正常对照组大鼠(P<0.01),丝胶治疗组、阳性对照组大鼠的血尿素氮和肌酐明显低于糖尿病模型组大鼠(P<0.01,P<0.05)。TGF-β1蛋白免疫阳性产物呈棕黄色细腻颗粒状,位于肾小囊壁层上皮细胞、足细胞和球内系膜细胞的胞浆。糖尿病模型组大鼠肾脏TGF-β1蛋白的表达明显高于正常对照组大鼠(P<0.01);丝胶治疗组、阳性对照组大鼠肾脏TGF-β1蛋白的表达明显低于糖尿病模型组大鼠(P<0.01)。结论丝胶可通过下调糖尿病大鼠肾脏TGF-β1的表达减轻肾脏肥大和细胞外基质积聚,对糖尿病时肾脏损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

雷帕霉素对早期糖尿病大鼠肾脏TGF-β1、FN表达的影响

目的利用小剂量雷帕霉素治疗糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠,观察雷帕霉素对DN的保护作用。方法应用链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠模型。24只SD大鼠随机分为:对照组、DN组、雷帕霉素干预组。第5周起雷帕霉素干预组予雷帕霉素1 mg·kg-1·d-1干预8 w。12 w末观察各组大鼠血糖、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、24 h尿微量白蛋白(24 h Ualb)、肾重/体重等的变化。光镜观察肾组织病理变化并测定肾小球平均体积及系膜基质扩张指数。RT-PCR及免疫组化法检测肾皮质转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)mRNA及蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,DN组及雷帕霉素干预组大鼠血糖、Ccr、24 h Ualb均显著上升,大鼠肾脏明显肥大,肾小球平均体积、系膜基质扩张指数、毛细血管基底膜厚度均显著增加;肾皮质TGF-β1、FN mRNA及蛋白表达显著上调。雷帕霉素干预后,上述指标除血糖外均部分被抑制。结论小剂量雷帕霉素能够减轻肾脏肥大,抑制系膜外基质聚集,下调TGF-β1、FN的表达,延缓DN的进展。     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

归芪方对糖尿病大鼠早期肾脏病变保护作用的研究

[目的]研究归芪方对糖尿病(DM)大鼠早期肾脏病变的保护作用及其机制.[方法]Wistar大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立DM模型,随机分为DM模型组(B组)、苯那普利治疗组(C组)、归芪方治疗组(D组),另设正常对照组(A组).实验第8周时,观察各组血糖、血脂、肾重/体重及蛋白尿的改变,放射免疫法测定血浆及肾组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ),半定量RT-PCR法检测肾脏转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)mRNA的表达.[结果]归芪方可以降低高血糖、高血脂,并且在改善肾脏肥大及抑制肾脏TGF-β1mRNA表达方面优于苯那普利(P＜0.01,＜0.05),归芪方还能降低肾内和血浆AngⅡ水平(P ＜0.01).[结论]归芪方可调节糖、脂代谢紊乱,降低AngⅡ水平,抑制肾脏TGF-β1mRNA的表达,改善肾功能,延缓DM的进展.     

糖肾安对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏TGF-β_1及VEGF表达的影响

目的 探讨糖肾安对糖尿病肾病模型大鼠肾脏转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）mRNA表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 采用单侧肾脏切除、高糖高脂饲料喂养、小剂量链脲佐菌素腹腔注射法成功制作糖尿病肾病（DKD）大鼠模型18只并随机分为糖肾安组和模型组各9只;10只健康大鼠为对照组。连续灌药6周,测定各组肾重、血糖、24 h尿蛋白定量、血浆Ⅳ型胶原蛋白（COLⅣ）水平及肾脏TGF-β1、VEGF mRNA水平。结果 与对照组相比,模型组血浆COLⅣ水平及肾脏TGF-β1、VEGF mRNA水平明显升高（P均〈0.01）,且TGF-β1、VEGF mRNA水平与24 h尿蛋白排泄量及血浆COLⅣ水平呈正相关（P〈0.05）。与模型组相比,糖肾安组血糖降低、24 h尿蛋白定量减少、血浆COLⅣ水平及肾脏TGF-β1、VEGF mRNA水平降低（P均〈0.01）。结论 糖肾安联合糖适平对DKD大鼠肾脏有保护作用,其机制可能是通过降低TGF-β1、VEGF的表达水平而实现的。     

舒洛地特对糖尿病大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率及肾脏转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的 探讨舒洛地特对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率及肾脏转化生长因子-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达的影响.方法 33只健康8周龄雄性SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为健康对照组(n=11)、糖尿病组(n=11)及舒洛地特干预组(n=11).糖尿病组和舒洛地特干预组空腹10 h后一次性腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素溶液(65 mg/kg),健康对照组注射等量生理盐水.72 h后尾静脉空腹血糖>16.7 mmol/L且持续3 d视为造模成功,其中糖尿病组成模大鼠9只,舒洛地特干预组成模大鼠10只.舒洛地特干预组给予10 mg·kg-1·d-1舒洛地特灌胃,糖尿病组和健康对照组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,共12周.用药结束后次晨测定24 h尿白蛋白排泄率,留取肾脏组织作转化生长因子-β1免疫组织化学染色,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定其mRNA表达水平.采用单因素方差分析及SNK或LSD检验进行统计学分析.结果 24 h尿白蛋白排泄率糖尿病组平均为363μg/min,舒洛地特干预组为151μg/min,健康对照组为26 μg/min,差异有统计学意义(F=93.93,P<0.01).糖尿病组肾脏组织转化生长因子-β1 mRNA的表达量为3.11±0.84,舒洛地特干预组为0.99±0.27,健康对照组为0.44±0.13,差异有统计学意义(F=80.43,P<0.01).肾脏组织转化生长因子-β1蛋白免疫组织化学染色在糖尿病组着色深且广泛,舒洛地特干预组较糖尿病组染色浅,与健康对照组相近.结论 舒洛地特可降低尿白蛋白排泄率,下调肾脏组织转化生长因子-β1 mRNA及蛋白的表达,从而发挥肾脏保护作用.     

熊果酸对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织TGF-β1和α-SMA表达的

织TGF-β1基因与蛋白及α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达的影响, 并探讨其抗肝纤维化作用机制.方法: SD大鼠96只随机分为正常对照组(N组)、模型组(M组)、UA低剂量组(U1组)、UA中剂量组(U2组)、UA高剂量组(U3组)及秋水仙碱组(C组), 每组16只. 除N组外, 均用二甲基亚硝胺(Dimethylnitrosamine, DMN)诱导肝纤维化4 wk, 分别给予安慰剂、不同剂量的UA、秋水仙碱腹腔注射, 治疗4 wk处死大鼠,取肝组织行病理HE染色及VG染色判断炎症和肝纤维化程度; 分别采用免疫组织化学和Western blot检测TGF-β1蛋白和α-SMA蛋白的表达; 采用RT-PCR检测TGF-β1 mRNA的表达.结果: U2和U3组肝细胞坏死和纤维组织增生明显减轻; M组TGF-β1蛋白、TGF-β1 mRNA及α-SMA蛋白较N组的表达明显增加(8.76±1.47 vs 1.48±0.24; 0.60±0.11 vs 0.05±0.02;0.51±0.10 vs 0.09±0.02, 均P<0.01). U1组和C组TGF-β1蛋白的表达较M组降低( P<0.05),U2和U3组TGF-β1蛋白的表达较M组明显降低(5.32±1.63, 3.98±0.67 vs 8.76±1.47,均P<0.01), 且低于C组的表达(7.14±1.29,P<0.05或0.01). U2和U3组的TGF-β1 mRNA的表达也明显低于M组(0.36±0.07, 0.25±0.06 vs 0.60±0.11, 均P<0.01)和C组(0.47±0.10, P<0.05或0.01). U1-U3组较M组α-SMA蛋白的表达明显降低(0.36±0.08, 0.23±0.02,0.15±0.03 vs 0.51±0.10, 均P<0.01); U2和U3组α-SMA蛋白的表达也显著低于C组(0.43±0.05, 均P<0.01).结论: UA能明显改善肝纤维化大鼠的肝脏组织结构, 减轻肝纤维化; 其抗肝纤维化的机制可能与降低TGF-β1表达, 抑制HSC的激活有关.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.     

厄贝沙坦对糖尿病大鼠肾脏GluT-1及TGF-β1表达的影响及其临床意义

目的观察厄贝沙坦（IBST）对糖尿病大鼠肾脏皮质葡萄糖转运蛋白-1（GluT-1）及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法48只大鼠随机分为对照（Con）组、糖尿病（DM）组与IBST治疗组,建立糖尿病肾病（DN）模型,分别检测肾皮质GluT-1 mRNA及TGF-β1 mRNA表达水平。结果与Con组相比,DM组大鼠肾组织GluT-1 mRNA表达及TGF-β1 mRNA表达均显著上调（P〈O．01）。厄贝沙坦干预后,IBST组肾组织GluT-1及TGF-β1 mRNA表达显著低于DM组（P〈0.01）。结论厄贝沙坦对DN有保护作用,这可能与厄贝沙坦显著降低肾组织GluT-1及TGF-β1 mRNA表达有关。     

The effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus

Objective To observe the effects of gossypol on expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in nephridial tissue in rats with diabetes mellitus. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control, type 2 diabetes and gossypol treatment group . After high-fat feeding for 4 weeks, the later two groups were injected with low dosage strepozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. The rats in gossypol treated group were given gossypol at the dosage of 15 mg/kg once per day for 4 weeks by gavage. And since the 5th week, the times of gavages had been changed into once per week at the same dosage and lasted to the 12th week . The levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured. Additionally, the morphological changes of the kidney were studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, FN, 11β-HSD and 11β-HSD2 in nephridial tissue were assayed by semi-quantity RT-PCR. The protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN in nephridial tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The blood levels of glucose, TC and LDL- c were increased significantly in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group(P<0. 01). The volume of glomerulus and the deposition of PAS positive substance in the glomerular interstitium were increased under light microscopy, and the glomerular basal membrane was thicker in type 2 diabetic group than those in normal control group under transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were increased(P<0. 01), and the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD2 was decreased(P<0. 05), while the mRNA expression of 11β-HSD1 was unchanged in type 2 diabetic group compared with normal control group. After the treatment of gossypol, the level of the blood glucose was significantly decreased(P< 0. 01), and the levels of TC, LDL-c showed a trend of decrease but had no statistical differences compared with type 2 diabetic group. The morphology of nephridial tissue was ameliorated in gossypol treatment group. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and FN were decreased(0. 16± 0. 02,0. 22±0. 05 ; 0. 24±0. 06,0. 33±0. 07, P< 0. 05), while the mRNA expressions of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 were unchanged compared with type 2 diabetic group. Conclusions Gossypol can relieve the pathologic changes of nephridial tissue, inhibit the expressions of TGF-β1 and FN through decreasing blood glucose of rats with diabetes mellitus.