人胚胎干细胞体外培养、传代及冻存、复苏研究

目的建立人胚胎干细胞体外培养模式，并对其进行冻存及复苏。方法将人胚胎干细胞置于小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层上培养，细胞接近融合状态时进行传代，程序降温法冻存，速溶方法复苏，确定解冻后细胞复苏率、克隆生长与分化情况，并对其生物学特性进行鉴定。结果人胚胎干细胞稳定增殖了5个月，传至20代；细胞在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层上呈集落生长，核大，核仁明显。程序降温法冻存后复苏，细胞复苏率达到78．3％；解冻后第12代细胞仍具有稳定的46，XX核型；TRA-1—81阳性，表达Nanog基因，流式细胞术检测SSEA-4阳性表达率为89．38％。结论成功建立了人胚胎干细胞体外培养模式，为研究人胚胎干细胞及相关疾病的防治提供细胞模型和细胞来源。     

包皮成纤维细胞作为饲养层对人胚胎生殖细胞生长的影响

目的 以人包皮成纤维细胞为饲养层体外培养人胚胎生殖细胞,观察饲养层对其生长的影响,并对人胚胎生殖细胞进行鉴定。 方法 分离培养4～5岁小儿包皮成纤维细胞,取P₃～P₃₀代细胞用丝裂霉素灭活后铺板备用,酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）双抗夹心法检测其分泌物成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）的含量;分离培养5～11周人胚胎原始生殖细胞,在不添加任何细胞因子的人包皮成纤维细胞饲养层上培养人胚胎生殖细胞;细胞化学法检测人胚胎生殖细胞碱性磷酸酶的活性,免疫细胞化学法检测其胚胎表面特异性抗原SSEA-1及SSEA-4的表达,RT-PCR法检测Oct-4的表达。 结果 包皮成纤维细胞可以传60代以上,P₃～P₃₀代均适宜作饲养层;P₃～P₃₀代包皮成纤维细胞上清液中FGF含量在(172.09±2.66)pg/L～(245.25±1.66)pg/L之间波动。分离培养的人胚胎生殖细胞在饲养层上可形成典型的胚胎生殖细胞集落,体外连续培养超过3代,其碱性磷酸酶活性呈强阳性,集落未分化标志检测显示SSEA-l、SSEA-4呈阳性,Oct-4表达阳性。 结论 用人包皮成纤维细胞作为饲养层能支持人胚胎生殖细胞的生长并维持未分化状态。     

以转染白血病抑制因子基因的人胚肺成纤维细胞为饲养层培养人胚胎生殖细胞

目的 以转染白血病抑制因子(LIF)基因的人胚肺成纤维细胞为饲养层培养人胚胎生殖细胞,为建立无动物成分污染的人胚胎生殖细胞培养体系奠定基础.方法 将LIF真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )-LIF转染到人胚肺成纤维细胞中,通过筛选和鉴定获得表达LIF的阳性细胞.将原始生殖细胞(PGCs)种植到转染后细胞制备而成的饲养层上,在不添加外源性LIF的条件下培养,并对PGCs来源的细胞集落进行鉴定.结果 经RT-PCR及Western blotting 鉴定证实,转染pcDNA3.1( )-LIF的人胚肺成纤维细胞表达LIF基因.在转染后人胚肺成纤维细胞上生长的PGCs可形成典型的鸟巢状集落,经检测集落碱性磷酸酶活性呈强阳性,表达胚胎阶段特异性抗原SSEA-1、SSEA-4、TRA-1-60、TRA-1-81,及未分化标志Oct-4.结论 用转染LIF基因后的人胚肺成纤维细胞作为饲养层能支持PGCs来源人胚胎生殖细胞的生长,维持自我更新.     

人胚胎生殖干细胞的分离和体外培养

目的：体外培养人胚胎生殖干细胞(EG),在不添加细胞因子的培养条件下,观察细胞生长情况。方法：取5～10周人胚胎的生殖腺嵴和肠背系膜,进行组织块培养,采用组织化学及免疫细胞化学技术对培养的细胞进行鉴定。结果：培养4d后,在成纤维细胞的上面出现EG细胞集落;培养2周后,显示细胞呈圆形,胞质染成深蓝色;细胞染色体均为正常的二倍体核型;碱性磷酸酶活性强阳性;并检测到SSEA-1。结论：体外培养人胚胎生殖腺嵴,利用源于自身胚胎组织的成纤维细胞作为饲养层,可观察到EG细胞集落的形成;培养的细胞初步鉴定为人胚胎干细胞。     

人胚胎生殖细胞在人胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层上的生长

目的探讨以人胚胎成纤维细胞为饲养层分离、培养人胚胎生殖细胞的方法和条件。方法分离、培养3～4月胚胎成纤维细胞,取3～15代细胞经丝裂酶素处理后铺板备用;分离6．11周胚胎原始生殖细胞,将其置于人胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层上,在含生长因子、分化抑制因子的培养体系中培养胚胎生殖细胞;用免疫细胞化学方法检测胚胎生殖细胞表面标志SSEA-1和SSEA-4;钙-钴法检测碱性磷酸酶活性;RT-PCR检测转录因子Oct-4的表达。结果人胚胎成纤维细胞可连续传代25代以上(6月),3～15代细胞可以用作饲养层细胞。分离的胚胎生殖细胞在饲养层上可增殖形成典型胚胎生殖细胞集落,并能连续在体外培养超过8代。集落未分化标志检测显示SSEA—1、SSEA-4呈阳性,碱性磷酸酶活性呈强阳性,Oct-4表达阳性。结论用人胚胎成纤维细胞作为饲养层能获得可连续增殖的胚胎生殖细胞。     

人胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层的制备

背景：极小胚胎样干细胞是近年来发现的一种具有类似胚胎干细胞生物学特性的非造血干细胞,但对其体外培养扩增的方法报道极少。有研究推测,人胚胎成纤维细胞能为人骨髓极小胚胎样干细胞体外培养扩增提供良好的微环境。 目的：从人胚胎躯干中分离、培养人胚胎成纤维细胞,制备人胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层用于人骨髓极小胚胎样干细胞的培养。 方法：利用胰酶消化法从孕5-9周龄人胚胎躯干中分离培养人胚胎成纤维细胞。制作饲养层,使用不同浓度丝裂霉素C处理后,用于培养分选后的人骨髓极小胚胎样干细胞,以细胞形态、生长曲线作为胚胎成纤维细胞和饲养层的评价指标。 结果与结论：从人胚胎中成功分离培养出人胚胎成纤维细胞,该细胞可传代24代以上,且经过传代及冻存复苏后生物学特性无改变。丝裂酶素C低于12 mg/L时,人胚胎成纤维细胞增殖不能完全抑制;高于14 mg/L,人胚胎成纤维细胞可能死亡。12 mg/L丝裂霉素C作用3 h后能较好地抑制人胚胎成纤维细胞的增殖,并且保持其活力约2周,可以在很长一段时间内用作人骨髓极小胚胎样干细胞的饲养层。     

小鼠饲养层细胞制备与小鼠胚胎干细胞SF1-G的培养

背景:小鼠胚胎干细胞系SF1-G是由雌性C57BL/6小鼠与雄性M.spretus小鼠交配后,取桑葚胚期胚胎在STO饲养层细胞上分离培养获得,STO细胞较昂贵,而由小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞制备的饲养层细胞不仅取材容易,而且形成胚胎干胞的克隆率、维持胚胎干细胞正常核型的能力均比STO细胞要好一些,因此,建立一种适宜SF1-G细胞扩增的培养体系,保持其未分化状态生长是充分利用胚胎干细胞资源的前提。目的:建立有效的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离培养及胚胎干细胞饲养层细胞制备体系;以建立有效的小鼠胚胎干细胞(SF1-G细胞)扩增培养体系。方法:从孕12.5～14.5d的ICR小鼠分离培养原代小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞;取3～5代的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,以丝裂霉素C抑制其增殖能力制备饲养层细胞;在饲养层细胞上增殖培养SF1-G细胞;染色体G显带分析法检测SF1-G细胞核型,SF1-G细胞碱性磷酸酶染色和RT-PCR检测Oct4、Nanog基因表达。结果与结论:从孕鼠胚胎有效分离到小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,以3～5代细胞制备的饲养层细胞能够支持胚胎干细胞SF1-G呈边界清晰的克隆样生长。染色体核型检测SF1-G保持正常核型,碱性磷酸酶、表面标志物检测均呈阳性。实验建立了有效的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞分离培养体系,并制备供胚胎干细胞进行增殖培养饲养层细胞体系,能够在实验室对SF1-G细胞保持正常未分化状态培养。     

人胚胎干细胞饲养层的制备及生物学活性

背景：建立一种既可以大量制备,又能保存并保持较高活性的饲养层是胚胎干细胞培养研究不可缺少的环节。 目的：体外分离培养、冻存复苏ICR小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,观察其生物学特性。 方法：取ICR小鼠13.5 d胚胎,用胰蛋白酶分步消化法分离培养小鼠成纤维细胞,对冻存复苏后的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞形态、生长曲线、贴壁率、细胞化学染色及支持人胚胎干细胞生长特性等进行观察。 结果与结论：复苏后的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞在体外传代30 min时80%以上细胞贴壁,生长曲线显示细胞增殖活跃,细胞化学染色AKP、PAS、POX阴性,能长期支持人胚胎干细胞传代生长。提示此方法所获得的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞复苏后有较高的生物学活性,可为人胚胎干细胞扩增提供稳定、优质的饲养层细胞。     

小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的分离培养及饲养层制备

背景:建立一种既可以大量制备,又易于保存并保持较高活性的饲养层细胞是人胚胎干细胞培养研究的重要环节。目的:建立昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的最佳分离培养方法,评价其用于人胚胎干细胞饲养层研究的可行性。方法:用不同浓度胰蛋白酶分步消化法体外分离和培养昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,观察其生物学特性,制备胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层,检测人胚胎干细胞在饲养层上培养的生长状态。结果与结论:制备昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层的最佳胎龄为13.5 d。不同浓度胰蛋白酶分步消化法制备的胚胎成纤维细胞生长状态好,获得的成纤维细胞纯度高,增殖活跃。冻存2周,1,3,6个月内复苏的细胞存活率差异无显著性意义。小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞在第2-4代增殖旺盛,第5代以后细胞增殖活力明显下降。人胚胎干细胞在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞长期传代后呈典型的未分化形态,碱性磷酸酶和过碘酸-雪夫染色均为阳性。结果表明建立的昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞饲养层分离培养法可为人胚胎干细胞扩增提供稳定、优质的饲养层细胞。     

慢病毒介导绿色荧光蛋白转染人胚胎干细胞及其培养

目的 稳定培养人胚胎干细胞,并通过慢病毒载体对其进行绿色荧光蛋白标记.方法 利用小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞作为饲养层或Matrigel作为基质培养人胚胎干细胞,包装带有GFP序列的慢病毒转染人胚胎干细胞.对转染前后的人胚胎干细胞进行了碱性磷酸酶和SSEA-3免疫组化鉴定.结果 在MEF饲养层和Matrigel上均可培养出呈克隆样生长,表达标志抗原的人胚胎干细胞,经慢病毒转染及抗生素筛选后仍可稳定表达GFP.结论 成功地培养了人胚胎干细胞系,并进行了GFP标记.     

Derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines in serum replacement medium using postnatal human fibroblasts as feeder cells

Derivation and culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) without animal-derived material would be optimal for cell transplantation. We derived two new hES (HS293 and HS306) and 10 early cell lines using serum replacement (SR) medium instead of conventional fetal calf serum and human foreskin fibroblasts as feeder cells. Line HS293 has been in continuous culture, with a passage time of 5-8 days, since October 2003 and is at passage level 56. Line HS306 has been cultured since February 2004, now at passage 41. The lines express markers of pluripotent hESCs (Oct-4, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, GCTM-2, and alkaline phosphatase). The pluripotency has been shown in embryoid bodies in vitro, and the pluripotency of line 293 has also been shown in vivo by teratoma formation in severe combined immunodeficiency/beige mice. The karyotype of HS293 is 46,XY, and that of HS306 is 46,XX. Ten more early lines have been derived under similar conditions since September 2004. We conclude that hESC lines can be successfully derived using SR medium and postnatal human fibroblasts as feeder cells. This is a step toward xeno-free conditions and facilitates the use of these cells in transplantation.     

人胚胎干细胞H1培养条件的优化

目的:采用不同培养基和饲养层培养人胚胎干细胞H1,建立适合H1细胞增殖的最佳条件并分析其基本生物学特性。方法:鼠源性饲养层采用ICR品系小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF),人源性饲养层采用人胚胎成纤维细胞系(HFF-1)。H1基本培养基配制分别采用传统DMEM/F12和改良培养基Knock-outTM DMEM。实验共分为MEF DMEM/F12、MEF K-DMEM、HFF DMEM/F12、HFF K-DMEM组。H1基本生物学特性检测采用免疫荧光、RT-PCR、碱性磷酸酶和核型分析。结果:MEF DMEM/F12组中H1克隆形态规则,不发生分化,增殖速度快;而MEF K-DMEM组细胞克隆传代后第4日发生分化;HFF DMEM/F12组和HFF K-DMEM组细胞传代后第3日就显示出分化趋势,克隆变扁。MEF DMEM/F12组中H1细胞保持正常核型和基本生物学特性。结论:不同的人胚胎干细胞系最佳培养条件是不同的,建立的MEF DMEM/F12组培养条件最适合H1细胞增殖。     

克氏综合征胚胎干细胞的建系及鉴定

背景：克氏综合征是一种染色体异常引起的先天性疾病,对于该疾病发生和染色体异常的分子机制还未明确。 目的：建立克氏综合征的胚胎干细胞系,并鉴定其是否具有正常胚胎干细胞特性。 方法：胚胎培养至囊胚,经免疫外科法分离内细胞团培养获得人胚胎干细胞系。Giemsa染色鉴定核型,免疫荧光染色及体外、体内分化实验鉴定其生物学特性。 结果与结论：从5个胚胎中获得1株克氏综合征胚胎干细胞系,该细胞系具有47,XXY核型。经鉴定该细胞具有碱性磷酸酶活性,并表达Nanog、OCT-4、SSEA-4、Sox2、TRA-1-60等胚胎干细胞特异标记物,可形成拟胚体,并在体内外可以分化为三胚层的细胞类型。该细胞株的建立为研究该遗传病的发病机制及性染色体的功能提供了一个良好的细胞模型。     

Serum-free medium cultivation to improve efficacy in establishment of human embryonic stem cell lines

BACKGROUND: Serum-containing and serum-free media were used to derive human embryonic stem (HES) cells from donated oocytes and embryos. METHODS and RESULTS: Inner cell masses (ICM) were isolated by immunosurgery. The HES cells were found to be easily obtained and expanded in a serum-free medium. The efficacy in establishing human embryonic stem cell lines improved in a serum-free medium compared with that in serum-containing media. Four HES cell lines were derived from 13 isolated ICM on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers. All four cell lines possess the same characteristics and differentiating potency: normal 46, XX or 46, XY karyotype; and expressing a series of surface markers such as APase, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, but not SSEA-1. They can form embryoid bodies in suspension culture and develop teratomas comprising derivatives of three embryonic germ layers when injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that serum-free cultivation may be superior to serum-containing cultivation for deriving human embryonic stem cells.     

Horse embryonic stem cell lines from the proliferation of inner cell mass cells

Inner cell mass (ICM) cells were isolated immunosurgically from day 7-8 horse blastocysts and, after proliferation in vitro for 15-28 passages, three lines of cells were confirmed to be embryonic stem (ES) cells by their continued expression of alkaline phosphatase activity and their ability to bind antisera specific for the recognized stem cell markers, SSEA-1, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, and the key embryonic gene Oct-4. When maintained under feeder cell-free conditions in vitro, the three lines of cells differentiated into cells of ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal lineages. However, they did not form teratomata when injected into the testes of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)/beige immunoincompetent mice, thereby indicating a significant difference in phenotype between ES cells of the horse and those of the mouse and human.     

Characterization of six new human embryonic stem cell lines (HSF7, -8, -9, -10, -12, and -13) derived under minimal-animal component conditions

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a renewable source of a variety of cell types with the potential for use in both scientific research and clinical cell-based therapy. Several hESC lines have previously been isolated and characterized, however, the majority of these lines were generated in the presence of animal serum and animal-derived feeder cells. Therefore, the exposure of the hESC to animal products may have induced phenotypic and/or genomic changes in the hESC lines not characteristic of normal hESC. Moreover, those hESC lines exposed to animal components may not be used for therapeutic applications due to the risk of graft rejection and pathogenic transmission from animal sources. In this study, we characterized six new hESC lines derived from human blastocysts under minimal-animal component conditions and cultured with human fetal lung fibroblasts. The hESC lines retained the ability to self-renew, are karytopically normal, and express stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3), SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81, but not SSEA-1, markers of pluripotent hESC. In addition, we show that telomerase activity decreased in each of the hESC lines following differentiation into embryoid bodies, albeit to different degrees. Finally, we demonstrate that the hESC lines are capable of differentiating into the three embryonic germ layers in vitro and form complex teratomas in vivo. This suggests that the hESC lines described here are valuable models for both future in vitro and in vivo studies, which may aid in the progression toward clinical-grade cell therapy.     

Human placenta-derived feeders support prolonged undifferentiated propagation of a human embryonic stem cell line, SNUhES3: comparison with human bone marrow-derived feeders

Co-culture of human embryonic stem (ES) cells on mouse fibroblast feeders is the commonly used method for in vitro expansion of human ES cells in an undifferentiated state. However, it has potential risks of pathogen transmission from animals; thus, human cell-derived feeders have been employed to minimize this problem. In this study, we compared human placenta-derived feeders with bone marrow to demonstrate its effectiveness as feeders for in vitro long-term culture of human ES cells. We cultured a human ES cell line, SNUhES3, on human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell feeders and compared their culture efficiency with human bone marrow-derived feeders and control group (mouse fibroblast feeders, STO). The mean number of human ES cell colonies was 166 +/- 35 in the placenta feeders; this was significantly higher than bone marrow-derived feeders (87 +/- 16, p < 0.05). We could propagate the culture of SNUhES3 on the placenta feeders past the 50th week similar to control group. During the culture, the maintenance of undifferentiated state of SNUhES3 was demonstrated by the expression of SSEA-4, TRA-1-81, TRA-1-60, and Oct-4. However, we failed to propagate the culture of human ES cells on the human bone marrow-derived feeders past the 5th week. The efficiency of embryoid body formation was similar between placenta and control group, indicating the preservation of differentiation ability. Thus, placenta-derived feeders are more efficient for the long-term in vitro culture of human ES cells than bone marrow-derived feeders suggesting the possible role of placenta as a source for human cell-derived feeders.