颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨颅内表皮样囊肿的非典型CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识.方法 收集经手术病理证实的8例表皮样囊肿,术前均行MRI平扫,其中2例行扩散加权成像(difussion weighted imaging,DWI)检查,CT检查5例.MRI增强扫描4例.结果 8例表皮样囊肿发生于桥小脑角2例,大脑纵裂2例,脑实质2例,颅骨2例.CT显示囊肿表现为均匀高密度2例;混杂密度1例;囊壁及囊内钙化2例.MRI平扫2例T1WI呈均匀高信号,T2WI呈稍高、高信号;3例T1WI和T2WI呈混杂信号;3例T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号;其中1例DWI表现为高信号.4例MRI增强扫描显示囊壁显著环形强化和囊内不均匀强化2例,囊壁轻度强化2例.结论 颅内表皮样囊肿的CT和MRI非典型表现主要包括CT呈高密度、混杂密度、囊壁和囊内钙化,MRI T1 WI、T2WI呈高信号、混杂信号,增强扫描显著环形强化,在诊断时应充分结合DWI检查,以提高术前诊断准确性.     

颅内表皮样囊肿的CT、MRI及DWI诊断

目的:通过分析55例颅内表皮样囊肿CT、MRI和DWI表现,探讨表皮样囊肿的影像学诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:对55例经手术病理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿的CT、MRI及DWI表现进行回顾性分析。男33例,女22例。全部病例均行MR平扫检查,其中26例行MR增强扫描,18例行扩散加权成像,26例行CT平扫检查,5例行CT增强扫描。结果:表皮样囊肿位于脑外29例,脑实质23例,脑室3例。CT平扫24例呈低密度,2例密度稍高于脑实质。51例类似脑脊液信号,1例呈短T1短T2信号,2例呈短T1长T2信号,1例T1WI大部分呈等信号,少部分为低信号,T2WI呈低信号。2例囊壁似有轻微强化。DWI上囊肿均表现为高信号,且ADC值高于脑实质。结论:形态不规则、类似脑脊液信号、DWI呈高信号、不强化是表皮样囊肿的影像学表现特点,不典型表皮样囊肿可呈其它密度和信号变化,可根据不强化和DWI呈高信号与其它类似病变鉴别。     

肠源性囊肿的MR特征分析

目的 探讨肠源性囊肿MRI特征.方法 回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的肠源性囊肿8例,并复习相关文献.结果 8例肠源性囊肿,位于椎管内的7例,其中颈段椎管4例,胸段椎管1例,胸腰段椎管1例,骶段椎管1例;鞍区1例.椎管内肠源性囊肿:囊肿位于脊髓腹侧的4例,其它3例,MRI表现为:囊肿占位明显,多呈长椭圆形,与脊髓长轴一致,脊髓明显受压变扁,轴位像见病灶嵌入脊髓内,但与脊髓之间界限清晰,T1WI呈等或稍高于脑脊液信号, T2WI等或稍低于脑脊液信号.鞍区肠源性囊肿MRI表现为:病灶位于鞍内,T1WI呈低信号, T2WI呈高信号,边界清晰,垂体明显受压移位,鞍底下陷,增强MRI扫描囊肿边缘见半环形强化.结论 MRI有助于肠源性囊肿的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

侧脑室表皮样囊肿的磁共振影像表现及其扫描技术分析

目的回顾性分析侧脑室表皮样囊肿的磁共振成像(MRI)表现,探讨磁共振(MR)扫描技术在侧脑室表皮样囊肿诊断中的价值。方法分析12例手术病理证实为侧脑室表皮样囊肿的MR影像表现及术前做MR常规平扫、增强扫描和T2FLAIR以及磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)资料。结果 11例T1WI呈低信号,1例T1WI呈高信号,脂肪抑制像未能抑制。12例T2WI呈高信号,稍高于脑脊液。10例T2FLAIR囊内见不同数量的絮状稍高信号影,其中有2例仅在边缘出现少量絮状等高信号影。DWI均表现为明显高信号,信号不均匀。增强多无强化或或囊壁轻度强化,其中2例发生恶性变者局部囊壁呈结节状及花环状明显强化。结论侧脑室表皮样囊肿MR表现具有一定的特征性,对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有价值。侧脑室表皮样囊肿病灶检出方面,DWI均优于MRI平扫以及T2FLAIR,是首选扫描技术。     

中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MR诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MRI表现及其鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析7例经手术和病理证实的肠源性囊肿的临床和MRI资料。结果 7例肠源性囊肿,桥前池1例,椎管内髓外硬膜下6例,3例病变位于颈段,2例位于上段胸段,1例位于腰段。6例椎管内肠源性囊肿,5例囊肿位于脊髓腹侧,均可见"脊髓嵌入征"。多数囊肿T1Wl呈等或稍高于脑脊液信号,T2WI等或稍低于脑脊液信号。6例行MR增强扫描,5例囊壁及囊液均未见强化,1例囊壁轻度强化。结论 MRI对肠源性囊肿的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

Imaging Features of Intracranial Angioleiomyoma (2 Cases Discussion)

目的 探讨颅内血管平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI表现.资料与方法 结合文献回顾性分析2例经手术病理证实的位于颅内鞍旁的血管平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI表现.2例均行MRI平扫及增强,1例行MRI动态增强,1例行CT平扫.结果 2例均位于右侧鞍旁.例1行CT平扫示中颅窝鞍旁类圆形稍高密度肿块,密度均匀,周围未见水肿,MRI平扫T1WI呈低信号,扩散加权成像(DWI)呈低信号,T2WI呈不均高信号,内可见条状低信号.病灶周围见薄层环状水肿带,增强扫描肿块明显均匀强化,局部可见脑膜尾征;例2 MRI平扫示鞍旁卵圆形肿块,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高信号,右三叉神经受压,增强扫描早期示病灶中心斑片状强化,增强晚期示病灶逐渐从中心向周边强化.结论 动态增强扫描呈中心性渐进性强化可能为颅内血管平滑肌瘤特征性表现,有助于其诊断与鉴别诊断.     

腹壁子宫内膜异位症的MRI诊断

目的探讨腹壁子宫内膜异位症(abdominal wall endometriosis,AWE)的MRI表现及特点,为临床诊断提供依据。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的9例AWE患者的MRI资料,分析其MRI平扫及增强扫描的特征,辅以研究其DWI图像。结果 9例AWE患者中,7例单发,2例多发,9例患者共发现11处病灶;2例患者的病灶位于皮下脂肪组织内,6例患者的病灶位于腹直肌内,1例患者的病灶同时侵及皮下脂肪组织及腹直肌;实质型3例、囊肿型1例、囊实混合型5例。与周围肌肉组织相比,MRI平扫表现实质型,T_1WI呈等信号或等低信号,T_2WI脂肪抑制序列呈高低混杂信号,DWI呈略高信号;囊肿型T_1WI呈以高信号为主的高低混杂信号,T_2WI脂肪抑制序列呈高信号,DWI呈高信号;囊实混合型T_1WI呈等信号,其内混杂点状高信号,T_2WI脂肪抑制序列呈高低混杂信号,DWI呈混杂高信号。增强扫描:实质型明显强化;囊肿型未见明显强化;囊实混合型呈明显不均匀强化。AWE病灶的平均ADC值为1.29×10~(-3)/mm~2/s。结论MRI表现结合病史能对腹壁子宫内膜异位症作出明确诊断,在其定性、定位及鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。     

中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MRI表现

目的探讨中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿的MRI特征,以提高鉴别诊断水平。资料与方法 7例经手术病理证实的中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿患者均行MR平扫加增强扫描,分析其特征性的MRI表现。结果 7例中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿中,6例位于椎管内硬脊膜下脊髓腹侧,1例位于松果体区。MRI显示病变信号均匀,T1WI呈低信号,6例稍高于脑脊液信号,1例与脑脊液信号等信号;T2WI呈高信号。增强扫描显示,5例无强化,1例囊肿边缘轻度强化,1例囊壁环形强化。结论中枢神经系统肠源性囊肿有其特征性的MRI表现,MRI检查对发现及诊断本病具有重要价值。     

颅内血管平滑肌瘤的影像表现(附2例讨论)

目的探讨颅内血管平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI表现。资料与方法结合文献回顾性分析2例经手术病理证实的位于颅内鞍旁的血管平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI表现。2例均行MRI平扫及增强,1例行MRI动态增强,1例行CT平扫。结果 2例均位于右侧鞍旁。例1行CT平扫示中颅窝鞍旁类圆形稍高密度肿块,密度均匀,周围未见水肿,MRI平扫T1WI呈低信号,扩散加权成像(DWI)呈低信号,T2WI呈不均高信号,内可见条状低信号。病灶周围见薄层环状水肿带,增强扫描肿块明显均匀强化,局部可见脑膜尾征;例2 MRI平扫示鞍旁卵圆形肿块,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高信号,右三叉神经受压,增强扫描早期示病灶中心斑片状强化,增强晚期示病灶逐渐从中心向周边强化。结论动态增强扫描呈中心性渐进性强化可能为颅内血管平滑肌瘤特征性表现,有助于其诊断与鉴别诊断。     

椎管内肠源性囊肿的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨椎管内肠源性囊肿的MRI特征性表现及其诊断和鉴别诊断的价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析14例经手术病理证实的椎管内肠源性囊肿的临床和MRI资料.所有病例均行MRI平扫,6例行MRI增强扫描.结果 11例位于髓外硬膜下,3例位于脊髓内.除1例表现为短T1、长T2信号,1例表现为等T1、长T2信号外,余12例病变平扫均表现为稍长或长T1、长T2信号,其中1l例信号均匀,l例信号不均.6例增强扫描,4例无强化,2例囊壁轻度强化.结论 MRI能够清晰显示椎管内肠源性囊肿的病变部位、大小、形态、信号强度等特征,对其诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).