不同免疫途径对chitosan-DNA疫苗诱导CVB3特异性免疫应答的影响及其意义

目的：确定新型chitosan-DNA疫苗的有效免疫途径。方法：将chitosan-pcDN3-VPI疫分别苗以肌注、口服、滴鼻3种免疫方式免疫Balb/c小鼠；以ELISA检测免疫小鼠血清中IgG、IgM、、IgA，评估其特异性体液免疫应答；以特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应和CTL活性反映其诱导细胞免疫；以5LD50致死剂量CVB3攻击免疫小鼠，评价不同免疫途径的免疫保护效果。结果：①在诱导CVB3特异性体液免疫方面：chitosan-pcDNA3-VPI疫苗肌注组诱生了高水平IgM和IgG，但未能诱生黏膜IgA；口服免疫组仅诱生低水平的黏膜IgA，未能诱生特异性IgM和IgG；滴鼻组可诱生低水平的I埘及高水平的IgG和黏膜IgA。②在诱导CVB3特异性细胞免疫方面：仅滴鼻组诱导了较高水平的淋巴细胞特异性增殖反应和CTL活性；口服组的淋巴细胞增殖活性和CTL活性稍弱；肌注组几乎不能诱导特异性细胞免疫应答。③免疫保护作用：滴鼻组可保护33．3％小鼠长期存活；口服组仅达到16．7％的保护率；肌注组无保护作用。结论：滴鼻免疫途径可能是chitosan-pcDNA3-VPI基因疫苗最合适的诱导全面免疫应答的免疫途径。     

Chitosan-pcDNA3-VP1 DNA疫苗预防病毒性心肌炎的实验研究

为研究新型chitosan DNA疫苗预防CVB3病毒性心肌炎的效果 ,以天然生物多糖chitosan包裹含CVB3主要结构蛋白VP1编码基因的质粒pcDNA3 VP1,制备新型chitosan pcDNA3 VP1疫苗。以含 5 0 μgDNA的该疫苗于 0、 7、 14、 2 1d滴鼻免疫小鼠 4次 ,末次免疫后 3周以 3×LD50 剂量CVB3经腹腔感染小鼠 ,称量小鼠体重、心脏重 ,并行心脏HE染色。结果 :chi tosan pcDNA3 VP1疫苗滴鼻免疫诱生了高水平的血清特异IgG和肠粘膜IgA ;同时诱生了较高强度的特异性CTL活性。以致病毒性心肌炎剂量CVB3感染小鼠 7d后发现 :pcDNA3组小鼠 10 0 %出现病毒性心肌炎 ,其心室壁呈现严重灶性坏死和炎性浸润 ;而chitosan pcDNA3 VP1组仅 16 7%小鼠产生心肌炎 ,坏死灶少且程度轻。其它病毒性心肌炎体征显示 :pcDNA3组体重降幅为 4 5 0 % ;而chitosan pcDNA3 VP1组类似正常小鼠 ,体重略增 1 75 % ;pcDNA3免疫组体重 /心脏重比为 171 75 ;chi tosan pcDNA3 VP1免疫组为 186 36。提示chitosan pcDNA3 VP1疫苗滴鼻可诱生全身及粘膜特异免疫 ,并可有效预防病毒性心肌炎的发生 ,可能成为CVB3及病毒性心肌炎预防性候选疫苗     

Chitosan-DNA基因免疫诱导粘膜特异性免疫应答及其抗CVB3感染作用

目的：构建新型粘膜基因疫苗，诱生CVB3VP1特异性粘膜免疫应答，探讨粘膜免疫抗CVB3感染的作用，为病毒性心肌炎的特异性防治奠定基础。方法：抽提CVB3 RNA，以RT-PCR扩增得VP1基因，插入真核表达载体pcDNA3中，构建质粒pcDNA3-VP1，以Chitosan多糖包裹形成Chitosan-DNA基因疫苗。将该质粒转染Hela细胞，观察其体外表达情况。以50辉DNA剂量的Chitosan-DNA疫苗滴鼻免疫BALB／C小鼠3次，检测CVB3特异性体液和细胞免疫应答；隔4周以5LD50活CVB3致死攻击小鼠，观察攻击后存活情况。结果：制备了直径为80-100nm的Chitosan-DNA复合物颗粒，体外转染证实Chitosan-DNA复合物中VPl的表达高于pcDNA3-VP1质粒-Lipofectamine的表达水平。该疫苗滴鼻3次免疫后，不仅诱生了高水平的IgG，而且诱生了高水平的粘膜IgA抗体，第6周抗体P/N值分别达3．5和3．2。特异性细胞免疫应答研究发现，该疫苗诱生了较强的VP1特异性CTL杀伤作用，并显著高于pcDNA3-VP1和pcDNA3组。CVB3攻击后，可保护33．3％小鼠长期存活，而pcDNA3和pcDNA3-VP1质粒滴鼻免疫对照组的平均存活天数分别为8．5和10．8天。病理学研究显示：Chitosan-DNA免疫小鼠心肌组织基本正常，而对照小鼠死亡前心肌显示大量的灶性坏死和炎性浸润。结论：Chitosan-DNA基因疫苗滴鼻免疫可诱生CVB3特异性粘膜IgA应答及CTL反应，具有一定的抗CVB感染的免疫保护力。     

CVB3-VP1基因免疫诱导特异性抗病毒免疫应答及保护作用

目的 :构建表达柯萨奇病毒B3(CVB3)主要包膜蛋白VP1的基因疫苗 ,并研究该疫苗诱导CVB3特异性免疫应答及免疫保护的作用。方法 :抽提CVB3RNA ,以RT PCR扩增VP1基因 ,克隆于真核表达载体 pcDNA3中 ,构建质粒pcDNA3 VP1。将该质粒转染Hela细胞 ,观察其表达情况 ;以 5 0 μgpcDNA3 VP1质粒DNA肌注免疫BALB/c小鼠 3次 ,检测CVB3特异性体液和细胞免疫应答。间隔 4wk以 5×LD50 的CVB3攻击小鼠 ,观察攻击后小鼠的存活情况。结果 :构建了重组质粒 pcDNA3 VP1,并在体外获得有效表达。以该质粒肌肉免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,可诱生高水平的IgM和IgG ,VP1多肽特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应及CTL活性均显著高于 pcDNA3免疫的对照组。病毒攻击试验表明 ,pcDNA3 VP1免疫组33.3%小鼠可长期存活 ,其心肌组织未见明显的病理学改变 ;而对照小鼠平均仅存活 6 .7d ,心肌显示大量的局灶性坏死和炎性细胞浸润。结论 :pcDNA3 VP1免疫可诱生CVB3特异性体液及细胞免疫应答 ,保护免疫小鼠抵抗CVB3的致死性攻击     

分子佐剂FAI3通过滴鼻途径增强草原兔尾鼠ZP3DNA疫苗抗生育效果

目的:探讨纤维蛋白原/白蛋白/IgG受体3(FAI3)作为分子佐剂,通过滴鼻途径增强免疫反应以提高草原兔尾鼠ZP3 DNA疫苗的抗生育效果。方法:FAI是来自C群链球菌的一种多配基结合蛋白,它能同时结合纤维蛋白原、白蛋白和免疫球蛋白G,FAI的基因片段-fai3(415~702 bp)具有黏膜佐剂的功能。通过构建pcD-fai3重组质粒,用chitosan包裹质粒DNA不育疫苗pcD-Lzp3和质粒pcD-fai3,形成复合物的chi-(pcD-Lzp3+pcD-fai3),以及单独的chi-pcD-Lzp3和chi-pcD-fai3,三种chitosan包裹质粒,分别用这些质粒作为DNA疫苗,分别于第0、14、28、42天,通过滴鼻途径免疫小鼠。间接ELISA检测免疫小鼠血清中抗LZP3特异性IgG,IgG1和IgG2a,同时检测阴道洗液和粪便中的特异性IgA。结果:滴鼻共免疫chi-(pcD-Lzp3+pcD-fai3)诱导产生了高水平的血清IgG和黏膜sIgA,生育率和平均窝仔数显著降低。结论:fai3作为分子佐剂与DNA不育疫苗pcD-Lzp3滴鼻共免疫小鼠,能诱导免疫小鼠产生较强的体液免疫反应和黏膜免疫反应,增强DNA不育疫苗的抗生育效果。     

空肠弯曲菌PEB1-LTB DNA疫苗构建及其对小鼠免疫保护性的研究

目的:研究粘膜佐剂大肠埃希菌不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)辅助的空肠弯曲菌(C.jejuni)外膜蛋白PEB1基因重组DNA疫苗诱导小鼠免疫应答水平。方法:构建pcDNA3.1(-)-PEB1-LTB真核重组表达载体,转染Hela细胞,Westernblot鉴定蛋白表达。滴鼻免疫BALB/c小鼠,末次免疫后2周,测定小鼠血清中IgG、IgA及气管、小肠粘膜冲洗液sIgA抗体;脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ、IL-4水平。末次免疫后4周,采用空肠弯曲菌重复攻击的方式进行灌胃攻击,攻击后,根据动物疾病指数评价疫苗临床保护率。结果:构建的重组表达质粒能在Hela细胞内表达,重组蛋白。疫苗免疫小鼠后,不仅诱导了高水平血清IgG、IgA抗体,而且诱导了高水平粘膜sIgA抗体。其诱导的特异性免疫应答能有效保护免疫后小鼠免遭空肠弯曲菌的感染攻击。结论:构建的DNA疫苗经粘膜免疫能诱导小鼠产生较高水平的特异性免疫应答,能有效预防空肠弯曲菌感染。     

暴露N端对趋化因子LTN黏膜佐剂作用的影响

我们前期构建了编码CVB3结构蛋白VP1的真核表达质粒(pVP1),通过滴鼻免疫诱导了一定水平的细胞和体液免疫应答。为了进一步增强其免疫效果,我们在该黏膜疫苗中引入新型黏膜佐剂LTN,发现当两种质粒共免疫时可显著增强pVP1诱导的CVB3特异性血清IgG和黏膜IgA水平,促进脾脏及黏膜局部IFN-γ+T细胞产生,显著减轻CVB3感染小鼠心肌病理损伤。随后我们对该疫苗体系进行了优化,使用双顺反子形式将编码VP1和LTN的基因构建在同一质粒上,通过滴鼻免疫小鼠后同样获得了免疫增强作用;当尝试将LTN N端融合至VP1蛋白,以该融合质粒pVP1-LTN滴鼻免疫小鼠后发现其增强免疫应答的能力显著下降;为排除融合蛋白空间构象改变及空间位阻对LTN佐剂功能的影响,我们在蛋白连接处引入柔性接头肽段(G4S)3,构建了融合质粒pVP1-IRES-LTN,发现该疫苗增强全身及黏膜局部特异性抗体细胞免疫应答的能力也非常有限,与pVP1-LTN相比并无明显差异,因此不能有效清除心肌病毒和减轻心肌损伤,提示融合蛋白的空间位阻或构像改变并非是影响LTN佐剂效应的关键因素,而暴露的LTN N端对其增强全身及黏膜局部免疫应答强度、提高心肌炎的免疫保护作用十分关键。     

rAd/MDC-VP1初免pcDNA3/MDC-VP1加强策略抗CVB3的免疫效果研究

目的:应用柯萨奇病毒B3(CVB3)腺病毒载体疫苗rAd/MDC-VP1初免,核酸疫苗pcDNA3/MDC-VP1加强免疫的策略免疫小鼠,观察其免疫效果。方法:BALB/c小鼠随机分为A～D 4组,分别肌肉注射PBS、rAd/MDC-VP1、pcD-NA3/MDC-VP1、rAd/MDC-VP1+pcDNA3/MDC-VP1,用ELISA和微量中和试验法分别检测CVB3 VP1特异性IgG和中和抗体滴度,CCK-8法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖活性和特异性CTL杀伤活性;用致死量的CVB3攻击小鼠后,检测小鼠血中病毒滴度并观察动物的存活情况。结果:D组CVB3 IgG、非特异性淋巴细胞增殖活性及特异性CTL杀伤活性明显高于其他各组(P<0.05);CVB3攻击后,D组小鼠血中病毒滴度较其他各组显著降低,生存率为41.67%,明显高于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论:rAd/MDC-VP1初免pcDNA3/MDC-VP1加强的免疫策略能显著提高小鼠细胞和体液免疫水平,提高致死量病毒攻击后的保护率。     

滴鼻接种HPV16 L1-E7 DNA初始引发及HPV16 L1 VLP强化免疫可增强小鼠黏膜和细胞免疫

目的探讨HPV16 L1-E7 DNA疫苗初始引发及HPV16L1病毒样颗粒(VLP)强化接种小鼠诱发免疫反应的效应,为进一步用于HPV16相关恶性肿瘤的防治提供实验依据。方法以HPV16 L1-E7嵌合蛋白、HPV16 L1 VLP以及HPV16 L1-E7 DNA单独或联合滴鼻免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠,连续使用3周。免疫后采血及收集阴道分泌物,检测特异性抗体。在末次免疫2周后,取小鼠脾细胞,用HPV 16 L1-E7蛋白刺激,检测T细胞增殖反应及IFN-γ水平。结果HPV16 L1-E7嵌合蛋白滴鼻接种可诱导小鼠产生血清HPV16 L1特异性IgG,强化免疫后抗体水平明显增高(P<0.01);阴道局部产生HPV16 L1特异性IgA;在HPV16 L1-E7抗原刺激下,脾细胞上清液中IFN-γ水平升高。HPV16 L1-E7 DNA疫苗初始引发和HPV16 L1蛋白加强免疫可增高阴道分泌液中HPV16 L1特异性IgA水平,增高脾淋巴细胞中特异性T细胞产生IFN-γ的水平。结论嵌合病毒样颗粒HPV16 L1-E7和HPV16 L1-E7 DNA疫苗初始引发及HPV16 L1蛋白强化滴鼻接种适用于预防HPV原发性黏膜感染和治疗HPV16相关肿瘤。     

自细胞介素-1β具有流感疫苗鼻黏膜免疫佐剂作用

目的研究IL-1β是否能作为流感疫苗鼻黏膜免疫的佐剂。方法采用鼻腔给药免疫Balb／c小鼠，每只小鼠免疫0．3μg HA的流感疫苗与1、0．25、0．06或0μg的rhIL-1β的混合物25μL。分别于免疫后0、2、3、4周用ELISA检测血清中流感特异性IgG，小鼠剖杀后检测肺黏膜和肠中特异性IgA。结果小鼠血清中流感疫苗特异性IgG的滴度随rhIL-1β浓度增加和免疫时间的延长而明显增加；rhIL-1β还能促进黏膜产生IgA，肺黏膜IgA水平在rhIL-1β剂量为0．25μg/只时最高，而肠黏膜IgA在rhIL-1β剂量为0．06μg/只时最高。结论rhIL-1β与流感疫苗合用滴鼻免疫，可有效刺激小鼠产生特异性的抗流感IgG和IgA，且其佐剂作用与其剂量呈相关性。IL-1可能是一种有效的流感疫苗鼻黏膜免疫佐剂。     

用噬菌体展示六肽库筛选与G—CSF具有结合活性的小分子多肽

目的 筛选人与重组G－CSF分子有结合活性的小分子多肽。方法 将靶分子G－CSF固定在塑料平皿上,对随机噬菌体六肽库进行3轮筛选。经孵育、洗脱、扩大培养和ELISA分析,随机挑取出第3轮得到的4个阳性克隆测序,然后进行同源性比较。结果 找到1个保守性肽段序列模式“SXXRVX”,此模式在人和小鼠的受体中都未见到其同源序列。结论 此小肽可与G－CSF结合,故有一定程度上有可能抑制G－CSF与受体的结合,为临床治疗炎症反应和研究G－CSF与受体相互作用的机制提供了一定的帮助。     

Brain natriuretic peptide

Plasma levels of various neurohumoral factors are activated and have an important role of the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure (CHF). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain (or B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) are secreted from cardiomyocytes in response to atrial or ventricular wall stretch. The natriuretic peptides have a fundamental role in cardiovascular remodeling, volume homeostasis, and the response to myocardial injury. Clinical investigations of these peptides have focused on their diagnostic usefulness for heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction and their prognostic usefulness after acute coronary syndromes and heart failure. In patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, a high plasma BNP level is an independent prognostic predictor of CHF patients, suggesting that the compensatory activity of the cardiac natriuretic peptide system is attenuated as mortality increases in chronic CHF patients with high plasma levels of ANP and BNP. BNP is more useful than ANP for diagnosis and management of CHF. Recently, rapid BNP assay is available in our country, rapid measurement of BNP in the emergency department may improve the evaluation and treatment of patients with acute dyspnea and thereby reduced the time to discharge and the total cost of treatment. In addition, BNP-guided treatment of heart failure may reduce total cardiovascular events, and delayed time to first event combination with intensive clinically guided treatment.     

从噬菌体随机十五肽库中筛选类脂A模拟肽的研究

目的用具交叉保护性的针对类脂 A的单抗 (1B6 )筛选噬菌体十五肽库 ,旨在研究类脂 A的模拟肽。方法对噬菌体十五肽库进行亲合筛选 ,用噬菌体 EL ISA法鉴定阳性克隆。结果经 3轮筛选后 ,随机挑选 14个噬菌体克隆 ,做夹心EL ISA试验 ,其中 5个克隆显示较强的阳性结果。将上述 5个阳性克隆 DNA测序 ,序列均为 ACTCATTGGCATCAGTGGAGGCATCATCAGTTTCCTGCTCCTACT,相应的氨基酸序列为 THSHQWRHHQFPAPT。竞争性噬菌体 EL ISA的结果显示大肠杆菌 L PS和伤寒杆菌 L PS均可特异性抑制阳性噬菌体克隆与类脂 A抗体的结合。结论该噬菌体克隆展示肽具有 L PS表位的抗原性 ,且模拟了 L PS的共同部分类脂 A。     

A peptide histidine isoleucine/peptide histidine methionine-like peptide in the rabbit retina: colocalization with vasoactive intestinal peptide, synaptic relationships and activation of adenylate cyclase activity

Antisera against peptide histidine isoleucine and peptide histidine methionine were found to label a subpopulation of amacrine and displaced amacrine cells in the rabbit retina with processes ramifying in sublaminas 1, 3 and 5 of the inner plexiform layer. Preadsorption controls demonstrated that this immunoreactivity was specific for a peptide histidine isoleucine- or peptide histidine methionine-like (peptide histidine isoleucine/peptide histidine methionine-like) peptide, and was not caused by cross-reactivity of the peptide histidine isoleucine or peptide histidine methionine antibodies with vasoactive intestinal peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide. In double-label studies, vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine isoleucine/peptide histidine methionine-like immunoreactivity were colocalized in the same population of retinal neurons. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the peptide histidine isoleucine/peptide histidine methionine-labelled cells interacted with processes of bipolar cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells. Peptide histidine methionine and peptide histidine isoleucine were slightly less potent than vasoactive intestinal peptide in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity in the rabbit retina, while the related peptides secretin, glucagon, and the C-terminal vasoactive intestinal peptide fragment, vasoactive intestinal peptide (10-28), showed little or no stimulatory activity. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by high concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine methionine were non-additive. These results suggest that a peptide histidine isoleucine/peptide histidine methionine-like peptide may function as a neuroactive peptide in the mammalian retina, and that this peptide appears to be cosynthesized and colocalized with vasoactive intestinal peptide and to mimic the activity of vasoactive intestinal peptide through interaction with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-adenylate cyclase complexes.     

类阿片肽系统

<正> 在神经系统内含有几种类阿片肽活性物质,它们是β-内啡肽(β-endorphin),甲硫氨酸脑啡肽(Met-enkephalin),亮氨酸脑啡肽(Leu-enkephalin),强啡肽(dynor-phin)和α-新内啡肽(α-nco-endorphin)。其中最简单的是Mee-ENK和Leu-ENK,其余的则是Met-ENK或Leu-ENK的C端扩展物。类阿片肽的结构如下     

T-cell epitope peptide vaccines

T-cell immunotherapy is a promising treatment option for cancer. The identification of tumor antigens that are recognized by the immune system has allowed for the generation of vaccines for various malignancies. Due to the ease of manufacturing and characterizating peptide-based vaccines they have been used to stimulate antitumor T-cells. This article will review the use of peptide-based vaccines for the treatment of cancer by inducing antitumor T-lymphocyte responses.     

Chemically unambiguous peptide immunogen: preparation, orientation and antigenicity of purified peptide conjugated to the multiple antigen peptide system.

We described a novel and simple approach to prepare chemically unambiguous peptide immunogen using the multiple antigen peptide (MAP) approach. This approach requires the conjugation of two purified components: a chloroacetylated oligomeric lysine core matrix and a synthetic peptide containing cysteine at either the carboxyl or amino terminus. The resulting MAP is structurally unambiguous and contains a quantifiable amount of peptide antigens. Furthermore, this method also provides a flexible strategy to link a peptide antigen to the core matrix at the desirable orientation to mimic the native molecule. The carboxyl fragment 43-50 of human transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) was used as a test model for this approach. Antipeptide antibodies did not recognize the "reverse immunogen" in which the peptide was attached to the MAP core matrix at a reverse orientation. To determine the specificity of the antibodies, we used two series of point-substituted TGF alpha analogs containing either alanine or the corresponding D-amino acid replacement to map the antigenic site. The alanine analogs were used to determine the contribution of the side chain while the D-amino acid analogs were used to determine the importance of backbone conformation. The antigen site was found to consist of four residues (Asp47-Leu48-Leu49-Ala50) at the distal end of the peptide-MAP conjugate. The results provide a clear explanation for the specificity of the antipeptide antibodies and their failure to recognize the "reverse immunogen" since the distal and the flexible end of the peptide-MAP construct constitutes the antigenic site. Furthermore, our results also suggests a strategy of placing the antigenic portion of a short-peptide at the distal end in the MAP approach to prepare immunogen.     

利用噬菌体随机肽库筛选表达Aβ靶向肽的噬菌体

目的抗Aβ神经毒性的Aβ靶向肽噬菌体的筛选。方法分别合成Aβ1-10序列组成的短肽并将其生物素化;以生物素化Aβ1-10为靶分子,用噬菌体展示技术及液相亲和捕获法筛选出特异性高亲和力的噬菌体;采用生物传感分析技术,通过结合特异性实验和短肽竞争性抑制实验,检测所筛选的噬菌体与靶分子之间的亲和动力学关系。结果经过对靶分子Aβ1-10的3轮筛选,筛出了与Aβ1-10特异性结合的单克隆噬菌体;生物传感分析技术结果进一步表明,靶分子（Aβ1-10）与所筛选噬菌体之间的结合具有高度特异性。结论筛选出了展示特异性高亲和力结合Aβ1-10短肽的噬菌体。