Speckle tracking echocardiography to assess regional ventricular function in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

AIM To explore regional systolic strain of midwall and endocardial segments using speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).METHODS We prospectively assessed 20 patients(mean age 53 ± 16 years,range:18-81 years,10 were male),with apical HCM. We measured global longitudinal peak systolic strain(GLPSS) in the midwall and endocardium of the left ventricle. RESULTS The diastolic thickness of the 4 apical segments was 16.25 ± 2.75 mm. All patients had a normal global systolicfunction with a fractional shortening of 50% ± 8%. In spite of supernormal left ventricular(LV) systolic function,midwall GLPSS was decreased in all patients,more in the apical(-7.3% ±-8.8%) than in basal segments(-15.5% ±-6.93%),while endocardial GLPPS was significantly greater and reached normal values(apical:-22.8% ±-7.8%,basal:-17.9% ±-7.5%). CONCLUSION This study shows that two-dimensional strain was decreased mainly confined to the mesocardium,while endocardium myocardial deformation was preserved in HCM and allowed to identify subclinical LV dysfunction. This transmural heterogeneity in systolic strain had not been previously described in HCM and could be explained by the distribution of myofibrillar disarray in deep myocardial areas. The clinical application of this novel finding may help further understanding of the pathophysiology of HCM.     

Quantification of Regional Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease by Strain Rate Imaging

Objectives To detect and compare the systolic strain rate (SR) and strain in the infarct and ischemic myocardium by strain rate imaging (SRI), in order to explore the clinical value of SRI in evaluating regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Methods Patients with coronary artery disease were divided into angina pectoris (11 cases) and myocardial infarction (21 cases) groups. Twenty age-matched normal subjects served as the control group. Septal, lateral, anterior, inferior, anteroseptal and posterior walls of the left ventricle were respectively scanned using color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Then SR and strain curves were derived from TDI for basal, middle and apical segments of each wall. SRI parameters were: Systolic SR (SRsys), systolic strain (εsys) and maximum strain (εmax). Results Compared with normal segments, SRsys, εsys and εmax decreased significantly in the infarct and ischemic segments (P<0.01). Compared with ischemic segments, SRsys, εsys and εmax decreased significantly in the infarct segments (P<0.05). Conclusions SRsys, εsys and εmax measured by SRI can be used to quantitatively analyze regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease, and aid in differentiating infarct from ischemic myocardium.     

Pulsed Doppler Tissue Imaging for Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Synchronicity in Normal Subjects

Objectives To quantitatively analyze the longitudinal myocardial systolic and diastolic velocities and time intervals of the left ventricle in normal subjects, and to explore the value of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) for the assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic synchronicity. Methods Twenty and six healthy subjects were studied by pulsed DTI. The septal and lateral, anterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle were displayed respectively, and basal and middle segments of each wall were selected for myocardial motion spectrum sampling. DTI parameters were; peak systolic myocardial velocity (s) , regional pre-ejection period (PEP), time to the peak of s wave (Ts), regional ejection time (ET); peak early diastolic velocity (e), peak late diastolic velocity (a), e/a ratio, time to the beginning of e wave (QE), time to the peak of e wave (Te) and regional isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT). Results The e and e/a were significantly different among basal segments, and s and e/a were significantly different among middle segments, with the highest value in lateral segments and the lowest value in septal segments. The s, e and a were all significandy higher in basal segments than middle segments. None of the systolic time intervals (PEP, Ts and ET) and diastolic time intervals (QE, Te and IVRT) were significantly different among basal segments and middle segments, neither were they when basal segment was compared with middle segment. Conclusions In normal subjects, the longitudinal myocardial systolic and diastolic velocities of the left ventricle are not homogeneous, but the contraction and relaxation are highly synchronized. Pulsed DTI can be used to quantitatively analyze the systolic and diastolic synchronicity of the heart.     

Evaluation of cardiac function in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy by echocardiography

Background Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy （ARVC） mainly performs local myocardial abnormal movements and tissue Doppler and spot tracking technique can accurately reflect myocardial movement. However, the technique is still rarely used in research of ARVC. Methods The study enrolled 28 ARVC patients and 28 normal controls. Right ventricular parameters were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, speckle tracking imaging in order to compare the difference between two groups. Results Morphological indices （right ventricular inflow tract inner diameter and right ventricular outflow tract inner diameter） and functional indices （right ventricular peak S＇, right ventricular E＇/ A＇ ratio, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, right ventricular fractional area change and right ventricular inferior and lateral wall longitudinal strain） showed significant difference between the ARVC group and control group. All the above-mentioned indices were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC curves）. Area under the curve （AUC） of right ventricular inferior wall longitudinal strain was the largest one （AUC = 0.94） with an optimal cutoff value of -19.5%. Conclusion Compared with two- dimensional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging, right ventricular inferior wall longitudinal strain is a more sensitive predictor for changes of ARVC.     

Infuences of Previous Angina Pectoris on Coronary Collateral Circulation and Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective To investigate the influences of previous angina pectoris on coronary collateral circulation and left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods 307 patients with a first episode acute myocardial infarction underwent selective coronary angiography and left ventriculography. The relation of previous angina pectoris to coronary collateral circulation, peak creatine kinase and left ventricular function were analyzed. Results ①In the 307 patients, there were 192 (62. 5 % ) with previous angina [PA (+) group] and 115 (37. 5 % ) without [PA (-) group].②The peak creatine kinase (CK) and CK MB were significantly higher in PA (-) group than in PA (+) group (P<0. 05 for both comparisons) . ③ Collateral circulation to infarct-related artery was more likely to be present in PA (+) group than in PA (-) group (P<0. 05) .④The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased, and the left ventricular wall motion Cortina score decreased, in PA (+) group than in     

Global and segmental myocardial deformation by 2D speckle tracking compared to visual assessment

AIM:To examine the feasibility and reliability of measuring global and segmental longitudinal strain(LS) compared to visual assessment of wall motion(WM).METHODS:Assessment of segmental(17 left ventricular segments) LS using automatic function imaging(AFI) in 55 patients(60.0 ± 8.7 years,73% male) divided into 2 groups:groupⅠ included 35 patients with WM abnormalities and/or impaired ejection fraction and group Ⅱ included 20 patients with normal WM and ejection fraction.Visual analysis of WM abnormalities was performed using 2-dimensional echocardiography(2DE) and WM score was calculated.Both modalities were analyzed by one expert reader at 2 different sessions.RESULTS:Analysis of 935 left ventricular segments was completed in 94.1% and 96.3% by visual assessment and AFI,respectively.There was a strong positive linear relationship between the WM score and global LS in all patients.Intra-observer agreement for calculation of WM score was excellent for groupⅠ patients(kappa:0.97) and very good for group Ⅱ patients(kappa:0.92).Intra-observer agreement for AFI showed excellent agreement with very small mean difference in both groupⅠ and Ⅱ(-0.0 ± 2.3 and-0.0 ± 1.9,respectively).CONCLUSION:The interpretation of global and segmental LS using AFI is a more feasible and reliable technique for the quantification of myocardial deformation than visual assessment of WM scores.     

Doppler Tissue Imaging Assessment of Left Ventricular Systolic Dyssynchrony in Severe Heart Failure Patients With a Normal QRS Duration

Objectives To assess the prevalence of systolic dyssynchrony of the left ventricular （LV） walls in patients of heart failure（HF） with a normal QRS duration by Doppler tissue imaging （DTI）. Methods 20 patients of HF with a normal QRS duration and 20 healthy individuals were investigated with DTI to quantitatively analyze their pulsed-wave Doppler spectrum of basal and middle segments in six walls of left ventricle. The time between the onset of the QRS complex of the surface ECG and the onset of the systolic wave of pulsed-wave Doppler spectrum was measured （TS）. LV systolic synchronization was assessed by the maximal difference （MD） in time of TS, the standard deviation （SD） and the coefficient of variation （CV） of TS in the all 12 LV segments. Results When a TS-MD of TS〉 53.08 ms, a TS-SD of TS 〉18.08 ms and a TS-CV of TS 〉 0.91 （＋1.65 SD of normal controls） was used to define significant systolic dyssynchrony, the prevalence of systolic dyssynchrony was 55.0 %, 55.0 % and 55.0 %, respectively, in the HF patients group, significantly higher than those in the normal control and the locations of delayed contraction of these patients were different. Conclusions LV systolic dyssynchrony could be commonly demonstrated by DTI in HF patients with a normal QRS duration. This finding will support the view about the possibility that more HF patients could benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy.     

Viable Myocardium Impact on Left Ventricular Function after Late Revascularization of Infarct-related Artery in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objectives The long-term benefit of late reperfusion of infarct-related artery (IRA) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is controversial, and the benefit mechanisms remain uncertain. Low dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LDSE) can identify viable myocardium and predict improvement of wall motion after revascularization. Methods Sixty-nine patients with first AMI who did not received early reperfusion therapy were studied by LDSE at 5 to 10 days after AMI. Wall motion abnormality and left ventricular size were measured at the same time. Successful PCI were done in all patients at 10 to 21 days after AMI onset. Patients were divided in two groups based on the presence or absence of viable myocardium. Echocardiography was repeated six months later. Results There were 157 motion abnormality segments. 89 segments (57%) were viable during LDSE. 26 patients (38%) with viability and 43 (62%) without. In viable group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was increased (P < 0.05), and left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI) and wall motion score (WMS) were decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) significantly at 6 months compared with baseline. But in patients without viability, LVEF was decreased (P < 0.01), and LVESVI and left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) were increased (P<0.05) significantly after 6 months, and the WMS did not changed (P > 0.05). LVEF increased (P< 0.05) and WMS decreased (P < 0.05) on LDSE during acute phase in patients with viability, but they were not changed in the nonviable group. Conclusions Late revascularization of IRA in patients with presence of viable myocardium after AMI is associated with long-term preservation left ventricular function and less ventricular remodeling. Improvement of left ventricular systolic function on LDSE indicates late phase recovery of left ventricular function after late revascularization.     

Global left ventricular performance in non-diabetic non-hypertensive metabolic syndrome adults

AIM:To evaluate the left ventricular structure and function in isolated metabolic syndrome.METHODS:One hundred and fifty six consecutive adults with metabolic syndrome were enrolled in the study.Fifty nine had isolated metabolic syndrome(group A) and 97 had metabolic syndrome with hypertension and/or diabetes(group B).There was a control group of 34 healthy adults.In addition to classic echocardiographic assessment of myocardial structural and functional changes,the Tei index was used to evaluate global left ventricular performance.RESULTS:There were no statistically significant differences between group A and controls in all parameters of left ventricular structural,systolic,and diastolic function except global myocardial performance(Tei index).On the other hand,significant differences were observed between group B and the control group in most of the parameters of left ventricular structural and global performance.CONCLUSION:The early identification of isolated metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic,non-hypertensive adults may be an indication that aggressive preventive measures should not be postponed until overt obesity,hypertension or diabetes mellitus has developed.     

Beneficial Effects of Delayed Opening the Infarct - related Artery on Late Phase Left Ventricular Function in Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction

Objectives To assess the effect of delayed opening the infarct - related artery(IRA) by percutanous coronary intervention (PCI) on the late phase left ventricular function after acute anterior myocardial infarction. Methods 64 patients with initial Q -wave anterior myocardial infarction and the infarct- related arteries were total occluded conformed by angiogram at 2 to 14 days after onset were divided into successful PCI group and control group (not receiving PCI or the IRA not re - opened). 2 - DE was performed at early phase ( about 3 weeks) , 2 and 6months after onset of AMI respectively to detect the left ventricular function and left ventricular wall motion abnormality (VWMA). The total congestive heart failure events were recorded during 6 months follow-up. Results VWMA scores, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end - diastolic and end-systolic volume indices (LVEDVI and LVDSVI)were similar in 2 groups at early phase and 2 months.There were no differences between early phase and 2months in each group too. VWMA scores and LVEF did not changed at 6 months in each group compared with the early phase and 2 months (P ＞ 0.05 ). But LVEDVI and LVESVI were significantly smaller in the successful PCI group than in the control group (P ＜0.01,P ＜ 0. 05 ). The congestive heart failure events were taken place in 19% of patients in control group compared with 2% in successful PCI group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions Although the infarct size does not changed, delayed opening the IRA has beneficial effect to the late phase left ventricular dilatation after acute anterior myocardial infarction.     

斑点追踪显像对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后的疗效评价简

目的 探讨二维超声斑点追踪显像技术（two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging,2DSTI）评价冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,pCI）治疗后效果的临床应用价值.方法 经冠状动脉造影（coronary angiography,CAG）证实左前降支狭窄＞75％的40例非心肌梗死患者,分别于PCI治疗前1周内和治疗后3个月获取左心室短轴观二尖瓣环水平、乳头肌水平、心尖水平及心尖四腔观、二腔观,左心室长轴观的高帧频二维超声心动图,应用斑点追踪显像（speckle tracking imaging,STI）软件,检测其相关供血心肌节段的收缩期纵向、径向、圆周峰值应变以及左心室基底部、心尖部旋转角度和左心室整体扭转角度.结果 PCI治疗前应变-时间曲线形态紊乱,多数节段波峰低平.在PCI治疗后3个月,缺血心肌节段的轮廓趋向规则,波峰明显升高.左心室大部分节段纵向收缩期峰值应变较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.各组左心室短轴收缩期峰值径向应变、圆周应变无明显改善,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.左心室收缩期心尖部最大旋转角度及整体扭转角度均较术前明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 应用2DSTI可定量评价左心室心肌的局部和整体功能,为冠心病患者PCI治疗后疗效的观察提供一种经济、简便、无创的检查方法.     

前壁心肌梗死患者左心室血流向量特点及其与收缩功能的关系

目的 应用血流向量成像( VFM)技术分析前壁心肌梗死(心梗)患者左心室涡流和血流向量特点及其与收缩功能的关系.方法 前壁心梗患者(心梗组)31例,对照组20例.记录心尖三腔心彩色多普勒二维图像,VFM技术观察各心动时相左心室涡流和血流速度向量特点.结果 (1)两组在等容收缩期左心室腔内均可见整体涡流;心梗组收缩期及舒张期左心室内均存在涡流,对照组收缩期未见涡流,舒张期左室内可见短暂、局部涡流.(2)心梗组快速射血期心尖部及中部血流速度方向朝向心尖,与基底部血流方向相反,也与对照组相反[(10.6±8.3) cm/s比-(5.8±7.2)cm/s,(19.5±11.8) cm/s比-(16.6±14.7) cn/s];快速充盈期心尖部血流速度低于对照组[(6.8±9.8) cm/s比(17.6±15.8)cm/s,P＜0.01].(3)心梗组心尖部快速射血期血流速度与左心室射血分数(LVEF)呈负相关(r= -0.52,P＜0.05).心梗组LVEF＜ 50％患者快速射血期心尖部血流速度高于LVEF≥50％患者[(13.5±9.0) cm/s比(5.8±5.1) cm/s,P＜0.01].结论 前壁心梗患者左心室内涡流持续时间较对照组延长,心梗组快速射血期心尖部及中部血流向量方向朝向心尖,心尖部血流速度与LVEF呈负相关.     

Tissue Doppler assessment of longitudinal right and left ventricular strain and strain rate in pulmonary artery hypertension

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in 38 adult patients with pulmonary artery hypertension of varied etiology and normal left ventricular systolic function by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography showed significantly reduced peak systolic strain (SS) in all three segments of left ventricular free wall and ventricular septum and two of three segments of right ventricular free wall when compared to 29 adults with no clinical or echocardiographic evidence of heart disease and normal left and right ventricular systolic function. A similar reduction in peak diastolic strain (DS) was also noted in all three segments of left ventricular free wall and ventricular septum and one of three segments of right ventricular free wall. This reduction in strain indices in patients with pulmonary hypertension was noted irrespective of whether right ventricular systolic function was normal or reduced as assessed by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. SS and DS rates also showed reductions in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension. Our study shows the potential value of TDI indices in identifying reduced regional left ventricular systolic and diastolic longitudinal function in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension and normal left ventricular systolic function by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. This reduction in left ventricular function was noted in patients with both normal and reduced right ventricular systolic functions by two-dimensional echocardiography.     

Velocity vector imaging in assessing myocardial systolic function of hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy

BACKGROUND: To date, most studies about strain and strain rate (SR) are based on Doppler tissue imaging (DTI), which is dependent on the angle between ultrasonic scan line and tissue. Velocity vector imaging (VVI) is a new echocardiographic method based on two-dimensional gray scale imaging, which is angle-independent and can provide more information about cardiac function than DTI. OBJECTIVES: To assess regional myocardial SR in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) but normal global ejection fraction (GEF) and fractional shortening (FS) using VVI. METHODS: Using VVI, two-dimensional images were performed in 20 hypertensive patients with LVH and 20 normal control subjects. The segmental systolic peak SR (SRs) in the short-axis view and the apical SRs in the long-axis view were analyzed by offline software. RESULTS: The segmental SRs in the long-axis and short-axis views were significantly lower in the LVH group than in the corresponding segments of the control group. There was no significant difference between the circumferential SRs of different segments in the short-axis view in the LVH and control groups. The circumferential SRs decreased significantly from the endocardium to the middle layer of the myocardium in the short-axis view in the LVH group and in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertensive patients with LVH may have regional LV systolic function impairment despite having normal GEF and FS. The GEF and FS were not the decisive factors of myocardial systolic function in the present study. There was an obvious systolic gradient from the endocardium to the middle layer of myocardium in circumferential SRs in the short-axis view. VVI can be used to accurately recognize and quantify abnormalities of regional myocardial deformation.     

应用定量组织速度图、组织位移、应变及应变率评价正常人左心室局部心肌功能

目的观察左室节段性心肌组织速度、位移、应变及应变率的正常值以及它们与年龄的关系。方法对132例健康志愿者行组织多普勒检查,测量左心室各壁各节段心肌的峰值速度、组织追踪、应变及应变率。结果①心肌的峰值速度（V）:不同室壁及同一室壁的不同节段有显著的差异性（P<0.05,P<0.01）,收缩期峰值速度（VS）、舒张早期峰值速度（VE）与年龄负相关（分别为r=-0.52、r=-0.72,P<0.01）,舒张晚期峰值速度（VA）与年龄呈正相关（r=0.46,P<0.01）。②组织位移（Ds）:不同室壁及同一室壁的不同节段有显著的差异性（P<0.05,P<0.01）,与年龄呈负相关（r=-0.41,P<0.01）。③心肌应变（ε）:不同室壁的相同节段无显著差异性;同一室壁的不同节段有显著的差异性（P<0.01）,与年龄呈负相关性（r=-0.28,P<0.01）。④心肌应变率:收缩期应变率（Ssr）:不同室壁及同一室壁的不同节段有显著的差异性（P<0.05,P<0.01）,与年龄无相关性（r=-0.14）。舒张早期应变率（Esr）:不同室壁及同一室壁的不同节段无显著的差异性,与年龄呈负相关（r=-0.20,P<0.05）。舒张晚期应变率（Asr）:不同室壁及同一室壁的不同节段无显著的差异性,与年龄呈正相关（r=0.28,P<0.01）。⑤所有数据两性之间无显著差异性。结论大多数参数如心肌组织速度、位移、应变及应变率在不同室壁、不同节段有显著的差异性,与年龄相关。     

应变成像定量评价冠心病病人局部心肌收缩功能

目的 应用应变成像技术定量评价冠心病局部心肌收缩能.方法 应用应变成像对冠心病病人53例和正常人42名左心室前间隔与后壁径向、各室壁节段纵向收缩期峰值应变进行测定,并以冠状动脉造影结果为标准进行对比分析.结果 冠心病病人缺血心肌的收缩期峰值应变表现为明显减低、消失,甚至倒置.冠心病组各室壁缺血节段收缩期径向、纵向峰值应变测值均较对照组相应节段明显减低.结论 冠心病缺血心肌收缩期峰值应变明显减低,应变成像技术是临床无创、定量评价冠心病局部心肌功能的新方法.     

二维斑点成像技术评价扩张型心肌病患者心脏的纵向扭转

目的 运用二维斑点成像技术评价扩张型心肌病患者(dilated cardiomyopathy,DCM)与健康人间各参数的差异,证实DCM患者心脏纵向扭转的存在.方法 搜集温州医学院附属第一医院2008年6月至2009年9月期间就诊的42例DCM患者作为DCM组和35例健康人作为对照组.两组均行常规超声心动图,检测左心房内径、左心室射血分数、过二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度及舒张晚期血流速度.应用GE Echopac软件测量得到DCM组和对照组患者心尖四腔心的左心室壁的径向应变、应变率,左心室侧壁、室间隔、心尖及左心室整体纵向峰值扭转角度,对比两组间各参数的差异.结果 (1) DCM组患者左心房内径、左心室收缩末期容积及左心室舒张末期容积均明显大于对照组(P均＜0.01),左心室射血分数明显低于对照组(P＜0.0l),过二尖瓣口舒张早期血流峰速度/舒张晚期血流峰速度两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2) DCM组患者径向收缩期峰值应变以及收缩期、舒张早期、舒张晚期径向峰值应变率均明显低于对照组(P均＜0.01).(3)对照组左心室侧壁的中间段、基底段以及心尖段呈逆时针扭转,而室间隔的基底段、中间段呈顺时针扭转,DCM组患者左心室侧壁的中间段呈逆时针扭转,而左心室侧壁基底段、心尖段、室间隔的基底段及中间段均呈顺时针扭转.DCM组患者左心室侧壁中间段和基底段、心尖段以及室间隔基底段的扭转角度均明显低于对照组(P均＜0.01).对照组左心室呈较小角度的纵向逆时针扭转(0.76°±2.63°),而DCM组患者左心室呈纵向顺时针扭转(- 1.58°±3.42°),两组扭转角度的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(4)DCM组患者左心室侧壁基底段、中间段与室间隔基底段扭转达峰时间差均与左心室的纵向峰值扭转角度具有相关性(r=0.409,P=0.007; r=0.396,P=0.009).结论 应用二维斑点成像技术,通过分析各节段应变、应变率及纵向扭转角度等参数,证实DCM患者心脏存在着一定角度的纵向顺时针扭转,DCM患者左心室侧壁基底段、中间段与室间隔基底段扭转达峰时间差可能是形成DCM患者心脏纵向扭转的一个原因.     

定量组织速度成像评价冠状动脉内支架植入术对左室心肌局部功能的影响

目的　应用定量组织速度成像 (QTVI)技术评价急性心肌梗死 (AMI)病人支架术对左室心肌各节段舒缩功能的影响。方法　用QTVI技术获取 2 0例正常人和 2 4例急性前壁心肌梗死病人左室心尖 3个长轴切面6个室壁各节段心肌长轴方向的同步运动曲线 ,测量 12个节段心内膜下心肌的VS、VE和VA。结果　正常和缺血状态下 ,长轴方向主要的心肌运动速度从基底向心尖都明显减低。AMI支架术后 3d与术前比较 ,各部位的VS、VE都无显著差异 ;目测评分正常且冠脉造影回旋支有病变的患者 ,心尖四腔观基底段和中间段的VS显著降低。术后 3个月与术前比较 ,运动恢复节段的VS、VE都有明显升高 ,运动未恢复节段的VS无显著差异 ,而VE有升高趋势且差异显著。结论　QTVI技术能同步定量定位分析左室局部心肌功能 ,判断室壁运动较目测评分法更准确 ;冠脉内支架植入术能明显改善远期左室局部心肌功能 ,尤以舒张功能改善显著     

二维应变技术对不同分期慢性肾脏病患者左室功能的评价

目的:探讨二维应变技术（2DS）评价不同分期慢性肾脏病患者左室收缩功能的价值。方法:100名慢性肾脏病患者按肾小球滤过率分为3组,A组（n=30）、B组（n=30）及C组（n=40）,同时选取30名健康志愿者为正常对照组,分别取二维条件下心尖四腔切面、心尖两腔切面、心尖长轴切面3个连续心动周期图像。应用2DS获取左室18个节段心肌应变(s)及舒张早期应变率（SRe）,并计算整体应变（GLS）。结果:A组左室壁部分节段应变、应变率低于正常组。B组除间隔心尖段、下壁基底段、中间段以外,其余各节段收缩期应变均低于正常组, B组、C组各节段舒张早期应变率均低于正常组。其中,C组除前壁中间段、后壁心尖段以外,其他节段均较A组降低。B组、C组整体应变低于正常。结论:二维应变技术可以早期发现慢性肾脏病患者左室心肌收缩及舒张功能的异常。     

右室心尖部与间隔部起搏对室壁运动的影响

目的采用定量组织速度成像(QTVI)技术,评价右室心尖部(RVA)及间隔部(RVS)起搏对室壁运动的影响。方法选择20例RVA起搏(RVA组)及20例RVS起搏(RVS组)患者,静息状态下同步记录磁频心电图,在QTVI模式下采集标准心尖四腔观、心尖二腔和左室长轴的彩色组织多普勒图像并储存,测量左、右心室各室壁基底段、中段心肌收缩时间间期,评价RVA与RVS起搏时心肌运动的变化。结果①与RVS组比较,RVA组部分心肌节段收缩达峰时间明显延迟,以左室侧壁、后壁为著。②与RVS组比较,RVA组QRS波增宽,左室内机械收缩同步性及左、右心室间机械收缩同步性降低。③RVA组收缩后再收缩以及舒张后期的异常收缩节段数较RVS组增加。结论与RVA起搏比较,RVS起搏有利于保持心肌电活动和机械收缩的同步性。