降钙素对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响

目的 评价鲑鱼降钙素对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响。方法 观察了55例绝经后骨质疏松症患者服用鲑鱼降钙素前后骨密度和骨代谢指标变化。结果 绝经后骨质疏松患者治疗后，骨密度和血骨钙素浓度较治疗前明显增加（P〈0．05），但治疗前后血钙、血磷、ALP、E2、FSH浓度变化不明显（P均〉0．05）。结论 补肾壮骨冲剂能明显改善绝经后妇女骨密度，但对骨代谢指标影响不大。     

绝经后妇女骨质疏松药物治疗的研究分析

目的探讨绝经后妇女骨质疏松药物治疗的疗效。方法选择2008年1月～2008年12月于我院门诊就诊的绝经后骨质疏松症患者为研究对象,进行中西医结合治疗。结果各组患者治疗前后骨密度、骨钙素、尿吡啶酚比较中西药组、中药组、西药组治疗后骨密度、骨钙素均有增加,其中尤以中西药组较为明显（P〈O．01）,西药组治疗前后差异无显著性意义。3个给药组尿吡啶酚均有下降,但中西药组、中药组差异有显著性意义（P〈O．05）,西药组差异无显著性意义（P〉O．05）。结论中西医结合治疗妇女绝经后骨质疏松症,能增加骨密度,促进骨形成,抑制骨吸收,直接增加肠钙吸收,疗效显著。     

营养素干预对绝经妇女骨质疏松的影响

目的 观察血脂正常但骨密度降低的绝经妇女补充钙、维生素D和大豆异黄酮后，机体骨密度和血脂成分的变化。方法 2004年4月从武汉郊区绝经妇女中筛选血脂正常伴骨量减少或骨质疏松的绝经妇女60名，随机均分为两干预组，每组30人。一组给予液体钙（含维生素D）；一组给予液体钙（含维生素D）和大豆异黄酮，跟踪观察一年。测定每位受试对象骨骼骨密度和血脂成分。结果 试验结束后，补钙组和补钙＋大豆异黄酮组，全身及股骨颈的骨密度（BMD）都较基线时显著降低（P〈0．05），组间变化无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；而腰椎、大转子BMD与基线相比，略微升高，但尚无统计学差异。补钙和补钙＋大豆异黄酮均能显著降低血总胆固醇（P〈0．05）。结论 对已出现骨量减少的绝经后妇女补钙一年能降低绝经后BMD的丢失速率，但补充大豆异黄酮一年尚未观察到对BMD的保护作用。绝经妇女补充钙和大豆异黄酮补可能干扰机体的血脂代谢。     

骨疏康颗粒对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响

目的评价骨疏康颗粒对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响。方法57例绝经后骨质疏松症患者服用骨疏康颗粒1个疗程前后测定了骨密度和骨代谢指标变化，并评估了骨密度疗效。结果57例绝经后骨质疏松症患者服用骨疏康颗粒1个疗程后，显效39例（68．4％），有效11例（19．3％），无效7例（12．2％），总有效率为87．7％。全部患者服药后骨密度和雌二醇浓度较服药前明显增加（P〈0．05），但血钙、血磷、ALP、FSH变化不明显（P均〉0．05）。结论骨疏康颗粒能明显改善绝经后骨质疏松症妇女骨密度和雌激素浓度。     

增加骨密度类保健食品功能评价方案联合应用的探讨

[目的]合理评价功效成分和补钙成分联合配方保健食品对实验动物增加骨密度功能的影响。[方法]参照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》（2003版）“增加骨密度功能检验方法”,采用骨密度方案二试验联合钙吸收实验对某保健品进行评价。根据受试物的推荐剂量,设低、中、高三个剂量（0．17、0．33、1．00g／kg）组;在骨密度方案二试验中,,同时设立四个对照组：假手术对照组、去势模型对照组、雌二醇阳性对照组（1．0mg／kg的雌二醇）、碳酸钙对照组,对成年SD雌性大鼠行去势手术后进行试验;在钙吸收实验中,同时设立一个低钙对照组和一个碳酸钙对照组,对断乳SD大鼠进行试验。[结果]骨密度功能检测结果显示：1．00g／kg剂量组去势大鼠的体重增重明显低于模型对照组（P〈0．05）;且该组大鼠股骨远心端和中点骨密度、股骨骨钙含量均明显高于模型对照组（P〈0．05）。钙吸收实验显示：1．00g／ks剂量组大鼠的’体重、身长和表观吸收率均明显大干低钙对照组（P〈0．05）;但该组的这些指标与含钙量相同的碳酸钙对照组相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]通过骨密度试验联合钙吸收实验,认为该保健食品既对去势大鼠有增加骨密度作用,又有补钙作用;联合方法可更全面评价该保健食品的增加骨密度功能。     

硫酸软骨素加钙对卵巢切除大鼠骨密度和骨钙含量的影响

目的探讨硫酸软骨素加钙对卵巢切除大鼠模型骨密度和骨钙含量的影响。方法选用卵巢切除大鼠所诱发的骨质疏松模型，给予硫酸软骨素加钙治疗，同时设假手术组及模型对照组。3个月后测定大鼠骨密度、骨钙含量。结果发现假手术组和高剂量组大鼠股骨骨密度和股骨钙含量显著高于阴性对照组（P〈0．05）。结论表明硫酸软骨素加钙能增加卵巢切除大鼠的骨密度，对雌激素缺乏所诱发的骨钙丢失具有抑制作用。     

小剂量雌激素加钙预防绝经后妇女骨质疏松症研究

通过深入社区，采用健康教育与预防医疗手段相结合，使23名无雌激素禁忌症，绝经1－5年的妇女，接受小剂量激素（尼尔雌醇片每半月1mg)加钙尔奇D片（每天600mg）口服的预防措施，其中有9名妇女因出血，害怕副作用，白带增多等原因中途停药，其他14名坚持服药者明显改善了更年期症状，骨密度有所增加（差异无显著性）,血清钙素明显下降（P＜0．05）。提示：深入社区，坚持健康教育与预防医疗手段紧密结合，能使更多的绝经后妇女接受HRT；在健康教育的基础上，应用小剂量雌激素加钙和适当运动，对防治绝经后妇女骨质疏松症，提高绝经后妇女的生活质量有较好的保健作用，但尚须扩大样本观察。     

绝经后妇女股骨颈骨折与膳食蛋白质摄入量关系的研究

[目的] 探讨绝经后妇女发生股骨颈骨折与膳食蛋白质摄入量的关系，以便采取相应的防治措施。[方法]采用1：2配比的病例对照研究方法，于1998年9月至1999年9月在天津医院骨科病房选取初发的股骨颈骨折绝经后妇女30名，平均年龄为66．0岁，同时按1；2配比原则，从老年妇女健康体检中选取60名没有骨折的绝经后妇女作为对照组，平均年龄65．6岁，配比条件是年龄、民族、绝经年限和居住地。调查并比较两组近1年内膳食中蛋白质、热能与钙的摄入量。[结果]骨折组蛋白质的摄入量明显高于对照组，钙的摄入量则低于对照组（P＜0．05），并且两组的骨密度（BMD),体质指数（BMI）的差异也有统计学意义（P＜0．05），骨折组均低于对照组。[结论]绝经后妇女发生股骨颈肌骨折与膳食蛋白质的摄入量有关，提示应适量摄取蛋白质，当蛋白质摄入增加时， 须适量提高钙的摄入量。     

社区护理干预对中老年糖尿病患者疗效的影响分析

目的：探讨社区护理干预对中老年糖尿病患者血糖控制及生活质量的影响。方法：以我院收治的中老年2型糖尿病患者48例为研究对象。随机将其分为观察组与对照组,每组24例,对照组患者接受常规控制血糖治疗,观察组在对照组基础上进行社区护理干预,持续性治疗干预3个月后,统计两组患者治疗前后血糖变化情况以及干预后的生活质量。结果：两组患者干预前比较FPG、2hPG比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）,干预3个月后比较观察组患者FPG及2hPG水平明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）;干预后观察组患者生活质量评分明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：在中老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的基础上进行社区护理干预,可有效提高患者血糖控制效果,且有利于改善患者生活质量,具有临床推广价值。     

阿仑膦酸钠治疗绝经后骨质疏松症50例临床观察

目的观察阿仑膦酸钠对绝经后骨质疏松症的治疗效果与安全性。方法100例绝经后骨质疏松症患者，随机分为治疗组及对照组各50例，两组在年龄、体重指数（BMI）、绝经年限等方面差异均无显著性（p〉0．05）。治疗组服用阿仑膦酸钠片10mg／d，每日早餐前至少30min空腹用200ml以上温开水送服，服药后至餐前保持立位，对照组每晚服钙尔奇（含元素钙500mg和VitD3）1片，两组受试者均连续服药12个月。观察骨痛、骨密度变化及安全性指标。结果治疗后治疗组骨痛症状评分下降，骨痛缓解，腰椎1～4及股骨颈、大转子和Ward氏三角区的骨密度增加与对照组比较差异有显著性；治疗期间无新骨折发生；服药前后血、尿、便常规及肝肾功能、电解质结果均在正常范围内波动，消化道反应轻均能耐受未停药。结论阿仑膦酸钠对绝经后骨质疏松症具有缓解骨痛浪高生活质量、增加骨密度、降低再骨折发生的作用，是有效、安全的药物。     

Risk,Efficacy, and Seeking of General,Breast, and Prostate Cancer Information

The authors investigated the independent and interactive effects of perceived risk and perceived efficacy on seeking of general, breast, and prostate cancer information. Analysis of the 2003 Health Information National Trend Survey indicates that perceived absolute risk and perceived response efficacy have generally independent—rather than interactive—effects on cancer information seeking. The influence of perceived absolute risk on prostate cancer information seeking appears to be moderated by perceived relative risk. When perceived relative risk is low, perceived absolute risk has no effect on prostate cancer information seeking; when perceived relative risk is high, perceived absolute risk exerts a significant positive influence on prostate cancer information seeking. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications.     

Water,sanitation, and hygiene in schools: Status and implications of low coverage in Ethiopia,Kenya, Mozambique,Rwanda, Uganda,and Zambia

Adequate access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) in schools impacts health, educational outcomes, and gender disparities. Little multi-country research has been published on WaSH in rural schools in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this multi-national cross-sectional WaSH study, we document WaSH access, continuity, quality, quantity, and reliability in 2270 schools that were randomly sampled in rural regions of six Sub-Saharan African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia. Data collection included: school WaSH surveys containing internationally established WaSH indicators, direct observation, and field- and laboratory-based microbiological water quality testing. We found 1% of rural schools in Ethiopia and Mozambique to 23% of rural schools in Rwanda had improved water sources on premises, improved sanitation, and water and soap for handwashing. Fewer than 23% of rural schools in the six countries studied met the World Health Organization’s recommended student-to-latrine ratios for boys and for girls. Fewer than 20% were observed to have at least four of five recommended menstrual hygiene services (separate-sex latrines with doors and locks, water for use, waste bin). The low access to safe and adequate WaSH services in rural schools suggest opportunities for WaSH interventions that could have substantive impact on health, education, and gender disparities.     

Bioaccumulation,metabolism, and effects of DDT,fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos onSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulated DDT, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos rapidly from yeast glucose medium. The maximum concentrations of DDT, fenitrothion, and chlorpyrifos accumulated were 8,253, 18,960 and 11,579 g/g (dry wt), respectively. The pattern of accumulation was similar for all insecticides. The bioconcentration factor was inversely proportional to insecticide solubilities.Saccharomyces metabolized the three insecticides, but only two metabolites of DDT (DDD and DDE) were identified. Protoplast cultures were more sensitive to DDT and fenitrothion compared to normal cultures but were less sensitive to chlorpyrifos. Both the normal and protoplast cultures recovered from the toxic effect after 24 hr.     

Risk, efficacy, and seeking of general, breast, and prostate cancer information

The authors investigated the independent and interactive effects of perceived risk and perceived efficacy on seeking of general, breast, and prostate cancer information. Analysis of the 2003 Health Information National Trend Survey indicates that perceived absolute risk and perceived response efficacy have generally independent-rather than interactive-effects on cancer information seeking. The influence of perceived absolute risk on prostate cancer information seeking appears to be moderated by perceived relative risk. When perceived relative risk is low, perceived absolute risk has no effect on prostate cancer information seeking; when perceived relative risk is high, perceived absolute risk exerts a significant positive influence on prostate cancer information seeking. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications.     

Analysis of protein amino acids,non-protein amino acids and metabolites,dietary protein,glucose, fructose,sucrose, phenolic,and flavonoid content and antioxidative properties of potato tubers,peels, and cortexes (pulps)

The composition and antioxidative activity of whole potato tubers from five Korean cultivars, three peels from one cultivar, and eight pulps (cortexes) after peeling from six different cultivars were evaluated. Whole tubers were sectioned into three parts followed by analysis of the peels and pulps of each part. The following characteristics were determined: the dimensions and water content of whole tubers; nutritional protein content consisting of protein and free amino acids by an automated Kjeldahl nitrogen assay; free non-protein amino acids, metabolites, and fructose, glucose, and sucrose content by HPLC; phenolic compounds by HPLC and LC/MS; total phenolics and flavonoids by colorimetry; and antioxidative properties by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The results demonstrate differences and similarities in the content of nutritional and bioactive compounds and in their bioactivities from whole potatoes, peels, and pulps. The present study reports for the first time the analysis of multiple potato nutrients and bioactive components as well the antioxidative properties of whole potatoes, peels, and pulps derived from the same tubers. The described methods are expected to facilitate the analysis of commercial and newly-developed potato cultivars, peels, and pulps and relate their composition and antioxidative activities to their reported nutritional, health-promoting, and industrial properties.     

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to treatment and prevention of cholera, Haiti, 2010

In response to the recent cholera outbreak, a public health response targeted high-risk communities, including resource-poor communities in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. A survey covering knowledge and practices indicated that hygiene messages were received and induced behavior change, specifically related to water treatment practices. Self-reported household water treatment increased from 30.3% to 73.9%.     

The effect of lead and cadmium on liver,kidney, and brain levels of cadmium,copper, lead,manganese, and zinc,and on erythrocyte ALA-D activity in mice

Summary Lead and cadmium were administered intraperitoneally, singly and jointly, to the mice. The levels of cadmium, copper, manganese, lead and zinc were determined in liver, kidney and brain by atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique and deltaaminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity was determined in erythrocytes. The tissue levels of some of these metals were found significantly altered by cadmium and lead both, but cadmium was found to have no effect on blood on ALA-D activity.