北京市社区居民血脂及冠心病主要危险因素异常及边缘异常的流行特征

目的 调查北京市社区居民血脂及冠心病危险因素异常及边缘异常的流行病学特征,探讨北京市防治冠心病的方向.方法 2007年6月至8月,分层整群随机抽样调查北京市社区居民10 054名,采取问卷调查、体格检查和生化检测的方法,进行主要冠心病危险因素及血脂异常的调查.结果 经年龄、性别标化后,北京社区居民高胆固醇血症、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症和高甘油三酯血症的患病率分别是9.3%、2.56%、18.79%和16.84%,而处于胆固醇边缘升高的比例为23.96%.北京社区居民中血脂异常的患病率为31.23%,而处于血脂边缘异常的居民占23.30%.经年龄、性别标化后,71.17%的居民伴有冠心病主要危险因素,20.23%的居民伴有边缘异常的危险因素.高血压、糖尿病发病率分别为41.57%、11.08%,吸烟和肥胖的发生率分别是35.81%和22.89%.相对于理想状态,具有1项冠心病危险因素边缘异常人群患血脂异常的相对风险(OR)为1.668(95%CI:1.319～2.110);具有2项冠心病危险因素边缘异常人群患血脂异常的OR为2.537,(95%CI:1.989～3.235);具有≥3项冠心病危险因素边缘异常人群患血脂异常的OR为3.203,(95%CI:2.007～5.114).结论 北京社区居民血脂异常及冠心病主要危险因素的发生率较高,超过1/5的居民处于冠心病主要危险因素的边缘异常状态.具有边缘危险及冠心病主要危险的人群是今后北京市人群防治的重点.     

柳州市7660例成人血脂状况调查

评价柳州市人群中血脂状况,为人群干预作基线调查.整群抽取柳州市常住居民7 660例,男性3 894例,女性3 766例,年龄39.5±11.0岁,进行血脂、身高、体重、腰围及臀围等指标检测和统计分析.结果发现,男性和女性总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均有随年龄增大而增高的趋势.全组高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇检出率分别为20.76%、26.37%、17.75%及15.59%.男性高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯及高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的检出率分别是女性的1.64、2.86及1.52倍.血脂异常率有随年龄增大而增高的趋势.超重和肥胖显著增高血脂异常率.其中以反映腹部脂肪积聚的腰围对血脂的影响更为显著.结果表明,本组人群中血脂异常率较高,高甘油三酯是最常见的血脂异常类型,腰围增大是影响血脂代谢异常的重要因素.     

柳州市7660例成人血脂状况调查

评价柳州市人群中血脂状况,为人群干预作基线调查。整群抽取柳州市常住居民7660例,男性389b4例,女性3766例,年龄39.5±11.0岁,进行血脂、身高、体重、腰围及臀围等指标检测和统计分析。结果发现,男性和女性总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均有随年龄增大而增高的趋势。全组高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇检出率分别为20.76%、26.37%、17.75%及15.59%。男性高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯及高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的检出率分别是女性的1.64、2.86及1.52倍。血脂异常率有随年龄增大而增高的趋势。超重和肥胖显著增高血脂异常率。其中以反映腹部脂肪积聚的腰围对血脂的影响更为显著。结果表明,本组人群中血脂异常率较高,高甘油三酯是最常见的血脂异常类型,腰围增大是影响血脂代谢异常的重要因素。     

郑州市社区老年人群血脂异常分布与慢性肾脏病的相关性

目的 了解郑州市社区老年人群血脂异常分布情况,探讨血脂异常分布与慢性肾脏病(CKD)的关系.方法由2007年“郑州市慢性肾脏病及其危险因素流行病学调查”资料中,抽取完整资料的60岁以上人群列入本次研究,根据相关疾病诊断标准对资料进行分析.结果郑州市社区60岁以上居民血脂异常粗患病率为27.4％,标化患病率为24.2％.女性高于男性(30.2％ vs24.9％,x2=6.012,P=0.014).在血脂异常组分中,高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症和低高密度脂蛋白血症粗患病率分别为13.3％、12.7％、11.8％和13.2％,标化患病率为10.8％、9.5％、8.7％和10.0％.高胆固醇血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症和低高密度脂蛋白血症人群中eGFR下降患病率均高于正常人群(P＜0.01).结论郑州市60岁以上人群血脂异常与CKD患病率具有一定关系,以高甘油三酯、高低密度脂蛋白血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症影响较大.     

郑州市10636名公务员血脂现况

目的　研究10636名郑州市公务员血脂水平及血脂异常分布情况,为血脂异常防治提供依据。方法　按照2007年《中国成人血脂异常防治指南》标准,对10636名郑州市公务员血脂水平进行各年龄段分组观察。结果　10636名郑州市公务员血清总胆固醇水平为4.85　±　0.93　mmol/L,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇为2.92　±　0.73　mmol/L,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为1.34　±　0.28　mmol/L,甘油三酯中位数为1.3（0.94～1.89）　mmol/L。血脂异常总检出率为29.7%,其中高胆固醇血症、高低密度脂蛋白血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症、高甘油三酯血症的检出率分别为7.6%、5.0%、10.6%、16.4%。男性总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇平均水平及高低密度脂蛋白血症检出率在30～39岁组、40～49岁组高于同年龄段女性（P<0.001）,但在50岁以后女性在各年龄组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高,且高于男性,且50岁之后女性高胆固醇血症检出率高于男性（P<0.001）。结论　血脂异常防治应以中年男性和绝经后女性为重点,同时加强青年人对血脂异常的认识。     

糖尿病与血脂异常

糖尿病患者常并存血脂异常,有血脂异常的患者,心血管病患病率明显增高.解放军306医院糖尿病中心曾对2430例2型糖尿病患者进行了体检,血脂异常检出率为63.8%;其中高胆固醇（TC）和高甘油三酯（TG）血症为23.9%,单纯高TC为16.1%,单纯高TG为15.0%;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）降低为5.5%,高TC、高TG、HDL-C降低为3.3%.但是,国内糖尿病并发症防治中往往忽视对血脂异常的纠正.高TC血症是大血管病变的主要危险因素之一;高TG血症既是心血管的危险因素之一,又是损害人体胰岛功能和使糖耐量恶化的重要因素。     

杭州地区高血脂及其相关疾病的分布特征

目的了解高血脂及相关疾病在杭州地区成年人体检人群中的分布特征。方法 3019例体检者按性别、年龄分组,分析甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,并对血脂检测结果及体检诊断结果进行统计分析。结果总胆固醇随年龄增加而增加;甘油三酯男性先增后降,女性一直增高;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇40岁以前男性高于女性(P<0.05),以后无明显差异(P>0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇女性呈下降趋势,男性无变化趋势;男性高血脂检出率(59.0%)大于女性(33.5%),女性高甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇检出率的高峰均出现在≥61岁组,男性高总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇检出率的高峰在≥61岁组,但高甘油三酯检出率高峰出现在41～50岁组;男性脂肪肝、高血压、糖尿病、肝内脂质沉着发生率(分别为29%、19%、8%、19%)高于女性(分别为16%、18%、6%、12%),动脉粥样硬化发生率则女性(18%)高于男性(12%);高血脂与脂肪肝、高血压、糖尿病、肝内脂质沉着的检出率呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论高血脂及其相关疾病在不同性别和年龄间的分布存在差异,只有了解高血脂及相关疾病在人群中的分布特征,才能有...     

贵州省18岁以上成人2型糖尿病和血脂异常的关系分析

目的 调查2011年贵州省18岁以上居民糖尿病和血脂异常的状况及关系. 方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法选取9280名居民进行问卷调查,检测血糖、血脂,比较不同性别、年龄、城乡人群糖尿病和血脂异常的状况及关系. 结果 贵州省糖尿病患病率7.60％,标化后7.89％,其中,男性患病率高于女性(8.80％ vs 6.50％,P=0.000),糖尿病患病率随年龄增长逐渐增高(6.80％vs7.50％ vs8.90％,P=0.038),糖尿病患者血脂异常患病率高于非糖尿病患者(72.0％ vs 56.7％,P=0.000),血脂异常患者糖尿病患病率高于血脂正常患者(9.5％ vs 5.0％,P=0.000).糖尿病患者中,高LDL-C血症患病率最高,其次是高TC血症. 结论 贵州省糖尿病和血脂异常患病率较高.性别、年龄、城乡比较,糖尿病患者血脂异常患病率均高于非糖尿病患者,血脂异常患者糖尿病患病率均高于血脂正常患者.     

糖尿病患者血脂异常与高血压和性别的关系

目的　了解糖尿病患者血脂异常的检出率及其与高血压、性别的关系。方法　 1993～ 2 0 0 3年在解放军第 30 6医院建立糖尿病计算机资料库 ,对 2 5 4 5例糖尿病患者进行血脂测定及并发症筛查 ,全部资料录入计算机资料库。结果　 2 5 4 5例研究病例中 ,血脂异常 16 6 3例 ,检出率 6 5 3%。女性血脂异常检出率为 6 9 6 % ,男性为 6 1 9% (P <0 0 1)。血脂异常组高血压检出率为 4 8 3% ,明显高于血脂正常组 (39 2 % )。结论　糖尿病患者血脂异常发生率高 ,女性患者更易有血脂异常 ,高血压检出率与血脂异常相关。     

怀化市区41岁以上部分人群血脂水平调查

目的调查怀化市区41岁以上部分人群血脂现状及血脂异常情况。方法以2004至2005年来本院健康体检41岁以上的中老年人群4219例为观察对象,测定项目包括总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯。结果本组人群血脂水平随年龄增加而升高。总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇51岁以后女性高于男性;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇各年龄组女性均高于男性;各年龄组高胆固醇血症多于高甘油三酯血症。高胆固醇血症41～60岁年龄组男性为29.5%,女性为36.3%,60岁以上年龄组男性为41.0%,女性为50.6%。高甘油三酯血症41～60岁年龄组男性为28.4%,女性为10.9%,60岁以上年龄组男性为19.5%,女性为15.5%。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低者男性约15%,女性约5.2%。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高水平者男性约22%,女性约37%。结论怀化市区41岁以上的中老年人群血脂异常比例较高,预示动粥样硬化性心血管病的发病风险增加。必须向居民大力宣传饮食结构的合理安排,防止血脂异常势在必行。     

Cardiovascular risk factor progression in adolescents and young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes

AimsYouth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) confers a high risk of early adverse cardiovascular morbidity. We describe the cumulative incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors over time and examine relationships with diabetes progression in young adults with youth-onset T2D from the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study.MethodsLongitudinal data was used to evaluate the relationships between hypertension, LDL-C dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and smoking with risk factors in 677 participants.ResultsBaseline mean age was 14 ± 2 years and mean follow-up 10.2 ± 4.5 years. The 14-year cumulative incidence of hypertension, LDL-C dyslipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia was 59%, 33%, and 37% respectively. Average prevalence of reported smoking was 23%. Male sex, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, obesity, poor glycemic control, lower insulin sensitivity, and reduced beta-cell function were significantly associated with an unfavorable risk profile. At end of follow-up, 54% had ≥2 cardiovascular risk factors in addition to T2D.ConclusionsCardiovascular risk factor incidence and prevalence was high over a decade of follow-up in young adults with youth-onset T2D. Glucose control and management of cardiovascular risk factors is critical in youth with T2D for prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.     

Lipid profile disturbances are highly prevalent in Japanese-Brazilians

High prevalence of diabetes has been previously reported in Japanese-Brazilians. In an attempt to better estimate the cardiometabolic risk, this study evaluated lipid disorders in 1,330 Japanese-Brazilians (46% men) aged>30 years. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as serum cholesterol>240 mg/dL, hypertriglyceridemia as values>150 mg/dL and low-HDL-C as values<40 mg/dL and <50 mg/dl for men and women respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemias was compared by the chi-square test between gender and glycemic category. Mean and Standard Deviation of lipids and lipoproteins were compared by the Student t-Test between gender. Hypertriglyceridemia was detected in 66.0% [95% CI: 63.5-68.5] of the population, being more common in men and increasing with deterioration of glucose metabolism. Mean level of triglycerides was 235.7+/-196.3 mg/dL. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 24.4% [95% CI: 22.1-26.7]. Low HDL-C was observed in 17.5% [95% CI: 14.5-20.5] of men and 43.0% [95% CI: 39.4- 46.6] of women but total/HDL-cholesterol ratio was lower in women (4.23+/-0.68 vs. 4.40+/-0.73, p<0.001). In Japanese-Brazilians, hypertriglyceridemia is the commonest dyslipidemia, in agreement with the high prevalence of diabetes. Men showed a worse lipid profile than women; it was suggested that the Western diet and living habits could be deteriorating their health.     

Correlation between fatty liver and coronary risk factors: a population study of elderly men and women in Nagasaki, Japan.

The relation between fatty liver, detected by ultrasonography as a marker of visceral fat accumulation, and coronary risk factors was studied in 810 elderly men and 1,273 elderly women in Nagasaki, Japan from 1990 to 1992. The prevalence of fatty liver was 3.3% in the male and 3.8% in the female non-obese participants (BMI, body mass index < 26.0 kg/m2) and 21.6% in the male and 18.8% in the female obese participants (26.0 kg/m2 < or = BMI). Fatty liver was significantly (p < 0.01) related to hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in the men and to hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low-HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance (DM+IGT) in the women independent of age, obesity, smoking and drinking. Non-obesity with fatty liver, rather than obesity with or without fatty liver, had the highest odds ratio for hypertension and low-HDL cholesterol in the men and for hypercholesterolemia, low-HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and DM+IGT in the women. The prevalence of fatty liver is the same in elderly men and women, and fatty liver is an independent correlate of coronary risk factors in the elderly.     

我国农村地区高胆固醇血症患病情况分析

目的 了解我国农村居民高胆固醇血症（HC）的患病、知晓及治疗情况.方法 2013年到2014年期间,在全国4个县进行了心血管病危险因素调查,实际入选5402人,有效数据4982人.利用该资料计算我国35岁农村居民HC的患病、知晓及治疗率.结果 本调查发现我国35岁以上农村居民胆固醇边缘升高率为20.49％,HC的患病率为8.07％,知晓率为6.74％,治疗率为12.44％.HC的患病和知晓率均随着年龄的增加而升高.吸烟、肥胖及轻体力活动人群的HC患病率较高（P＜0.05）;吸烟、超重、中度体力活动及家庭收入较低的人群知晓率较低（P＜0.05）.重度体力活动、超重及肥胖人群的治疗率较高（P＜0.05）.多因素分析发现年龄,性别,体质指数,高血压及糖尿病与HC的患病相关.结论 我国35岁以上农村居民HC患病率呈上升趋势,而知晓率和治疗率很低,亟待采取相应干预策略降低血脂水平,减少心脑血管疾病的发生.     

Dyslipidemia and its risk factors among urban middle-aged Iranians: A population-based study

AimsDyslipidemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is a leading cause of mortality in developed and developing countries. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its risk factors in an urban group of Iranian adult population.MethodsIn this study, based on the criteria set by the National Cholesterol Education Program, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was evaluated in a population of 4737 people aged 45–69 years who participated in the second phase of an ophthalmology cohort study in Shahroud. Dyslipidemia prevalence was determined by age, sex, and risk factors of the disease; the findings were tested by using simple and multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of dyslipidemia was 66.5% (CI 95%: 64.4–68.6) in males, 61.3% (CI 95%: 59.5–63.2) in females, and 63.4% (CI 95%: 62.0–64.9%) in both sexes. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-C, and high LDL-C, respectively, was 28.8%, 13.4%, 42.3%, and 13.4%, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression model, increase of age (for females), abdominal obesity, overweight and obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with an increased odd of dyslipidemia.ConclusionThe prevalence of dyslipidemia in middle-aged urban population in Iran is high, and with increasing age there is an increased risk of dyslipidemia. Hence, considering the growing trend of aging in Iran, there is need for taking special measures to deal with dyslipidemia as a health priority. Furthermore, the need for planning in order to reduce the risk of dyslipidemia and prevent its complications is greater than ever.     

Analysis of dyslipidemia in patients on chronic hemodialysis in Catalonia

Chronic hemodialysis patients show a high incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease of multifactorial etiology and an association between dyslipidemia and accelerated atherosclerosis. We analyzed characteristics of dyslipidemia in 1824 hemodialysis patients (59% men; mean age 65 +/- 15 years) in Catalonia and identified risk factors by logistic regression. Prevalence of dyslipidemia was high (63%). Most frequent lipid alterations were decreased HDL cholesterol (40%), hypertriglyceridemia (31%) and hypercholesterolemia (19%). Total cholesterol/HDL ratio was elevated in 23%. Body mass index (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.05-1.11), diabetes mellitus (1.4; 1.09-1.79), ischemic heart disease (1.38, 1.08-1.75) and stroke (1.30; 1.0-1.69) were independent factors associated with dyslipidemia. Lengthy time (> 7 years) on dialysis (0.77; 0.59-0.99) and female sex (0.78; 0.64-0.96) were independent protective factors. A significant reduction in the risk of developing dyslipidemia was observed after the age of 50. Lipid-lowering drug use was low (19%), with statins being the most frequent (83%). The percentage of patients reaching target LDL levels according to individual cardiovascular risk (ATPIII) was unsatisfactory, particularly in high risk patients (52%). In light of the high prevalence of dyslipidemia and low adherence to target LDL goals, we conclude that strict control of dyslipidemia should be included in cardiovascular risk prevention strategies for chronic hemodialysis patients.     

Alcohol intake and dyslipidemia in male patients with hypertension and diabetes enrolled in a China multicenter registry

Alcohol consumption is a proven risk factor of dyslipidemia. In the present analysis, we investigated the association of alcohol intake with dyslipidemia, an emerging epidemic in China, in male patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Our study participants were from a nationwide registry (n = 1181). A questionnaire was administered to collect information on alcohol intake. Dyslipidemia was defined as an elevated concentration of serum triglycerides (≥2.3 mmol/L), total (≥6.2 mmol/L) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (≥4.1 mmol/L), or a reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (< 1.0 mmol/L). Serum concentrations of triglycerides (1.60 mmol/L) and total (4.93 mmol/L) and LDL cholesterol (2.95 mmol/L) were highest with current usual drinking, with a significant P value for trend from never (n = 679) to ever (n = 107) and to rare (n = 187) and usual drinkers (n = 208, P ≤ .002). Serum HDL cholesterol (1.13 mmol/L) was lowest in ever drinkers, with a nonsignificant P value for trend (P = .22). The prevalence was highest in usual drinkers for hypertriglyceridemia (27.4%) and total (12.5%) and LDL hypercholesterolemia (8.7%), and in ever drinkers for low HDL cholesterol (34.6%). The P value for trend was significant for hypertriglyceridemia and total hypercholesterolemia (P ≤ .01), but not for LDL hypercholesterolemia or low HDL cholesterol (P ≥ .26). The between-province ecological analysis showed that the proportion of usual drinking was significantly associated with the prevalence of any dyslipidemia across 10 China provinces (r = .42, P < .0001). In conclusion, alcohol drinkers showed a worse lipid profile in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Usual drinking ecologically explained the between-province variation in the prevalence of dyslipidemia.     

Hyperuricemia and cardiovascular risk factor clustering in a screened cohort in Okinawa, Japan.

The relation between serum uric acid level and cardiovascular risk factors is complex and has been investigated mainly in men. We examined the correlation between serum uric acid level and obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (DM) in both men and women of a screened cohort in Okinawa, Japan. A total of 9,914 individuals (6,163 men and 3,751 women ranging in age from 18 to 89 years) who were screened at Okinawa General Health Maintenance Association were subjects in this study. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level > or = 7.0 mg/dl in men and > or = 6.0 mg/dl in women. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the presence of hyperuricemia in men were 1.75 (1.56-1.97) for obesity, 1.42 (1.25-1.62) for hypertension, 1.16 (1.02-1.30) for hypercholesterolemia, 1.80 (1.60-2.03) for hypertriglyceridemia, 1.19 (1.02-1.40) for hypo-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolemia, and 0.61 (0.49-0.75) for DM; in women, they were 2.02 (1.62-2.53) for obesity, 1.64 (1.29-2.10) for hypertension, 1.31 (1.04-1.65) for hypercholesterolemia, 1.95 (1.51-2.51) for hypertriglyceridemia, 1.53 (0.96-2.44) for hypo-HDL cholesterolemia, and 1.20 (0.76-1.90) for DM. Hyperuricemic subjects had higher rates of coexistence of two or more of these cardiovascular risk factors than non-hyperuricemic subjects (63.8% vs. 43.2% in men; 58.9% vs. 27.6% in women). The present study revealed that hyperuricemia is positively associated with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in both men and women, and that hyperuricemic subjects tend to have a clustering of these cardiovascular risk factors.     

冠心病三支病变54例危险因素的临床分析

目的:探讨冠心病三支病变与危险因素之间的关系。方法:对冠心病三支病变患者(观察组)54例与单支、双支病变患者(对照组)70例7种心血管危险因素(年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症)进行统计学分析。结果:两组之间年龄、性别、饮酒、高血压、高甘油三酯血症无显著差异.而吸烟、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病差异显著(P<0.05～<0.01)。结论:糖尿病,高胆固醇血症,吸烟为冠心病三支病变的重要危险因素,防治中应作相关积极处理。