共轭亚油酸对泌乳鼠肝脏脂类代谢相关基因mRNA表达的影响

目的研究共轭亚油酸(CLA)对泌乳鼠肝脏脂类代谢相关基因mRNA表达的影响。方法选取16只泌乳昆明鼠,随机分为对照组(1.5%亚油酸)和CLA组(1.5%共轭亚油酸),每组8只,从泌乳D日喂至D18,检测母鼠胰岛素耐受,采集血液和肝脏组织,分析血液指标和肝脏脂类代谢相关基因mRNA的表达。结果 CLA组泌乳鼠肝脏重量和甘油三酯含量与对照组比没有显著差异(P>0.05),CLA组泌乳鼠血液中的胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和谷氨酰转肽酶的含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),CLA组泌乳鼠血液中胰岛素的含量也显著升高,形成胰岛素抵抗。与对照组比,CLA组泌乳鼠肝脏中硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)基因的mRNA表达显著上调(P 0.05),而脂肪酸合成酶(FASN)、脂肪酸转位酶(CD36)、载脂蛋白B100(APOB100)及调控因子固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(SREBP1-c)和过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体α(PPARα)基因的mRNA表达均没有显著差异。结论饲料中加入1.5%CLA能够升高泌乳鼠血液中胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、谷氨酰转肽酶和胰岛素含量,上调肝脏硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶基因mRNA的表达。[营养学报,2012,34(6):531-535]     

共轭亚油酸强化乳对小鼠体脂及血脂的影响

目的:探讨共轭亚油酸(CLA)强化乳对小鼠体脂及血脂的影响。方法:选4w龄的雄性昆明种小鼠40只,随机分成四组,每组10只,分别在牛奶中添加0%、0.1%、0.5%、1.0%的CLA喂养小鼠4w后,测定体重、腹脂重、体脂含量、饲料利用率及血浆甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(HDL)与脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性。结果:小鼠的体增重、腹脂重、体脂含量及饲料利用率都随着乳中CLA的添加量增加而降低,与对照组比,当添加0.5%时达到显著差异;在乳中添加CLA可以降低小鼠血浆中的TG与TC含量,提高HDL含量和LPL活性,降低动脉硬化指数(TC-HDL/HDL)。TC含量在添加0.5%CLA时最低,其它的血脂指标在添加1.0%CLA时效果最好。结论:共轭亚油酸强化乳有降低体脂和血脂的作用。     

母鼠孕前肥胖和孕期过度增重对子鼠铁相关指标的影响研究

目的 探究母鼠孕前肥胖和孕期过度增重对子鼠离乳后铁相关指标的影响及可能机制。方法 将18只健康的SPF级Wistar雌性大鼠以1∶1∶1比例随机分为对照组(n=6)、孕前肥胖组(n=6)和孕期过度增重组(n=6),对照组全程饲喂标准饲料,孕前肥胖组于孕前6周起饲喂高脂饲料,孕期过度增重组仅于孕前10 d起饲喂高脂饲料、其余时期饲喂标准饲料。所产子鼠于哺乳期第21天离乳,36只子鼠(每组12只)纳入离乳后研究,雌雄各半,饲喂标准饲料;子鼠离乳后第7天、14天和21天检测血清/全血炎性指标和铁相关指标,前者包括白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和铁调素,后者包括铁蛋白、血红蛋白(Hgb)、平均血红蛋白量(Mch)和平均红细胞体积(Mcv)。结果 孕前肥胖组母鼠孕前体重显著高于对照组[(327.7±27.0)g vs.(279.3±14.2)g,P<0.01],孕期过度增重组母鼠孕期增重均值超过对照组24.4%[(108.2±17.9)g vs.(87.0±12.0)g]。与对照组子鼠相比,孕前肥胖组和孕期过度增重组子鼠离乳后第7、14和21天铁蛋白水平显著升高,孕前肥胖组雌性子鼠离乳后第7天...     

玉竹多糖对高脂饲料喂养的小鼠脂代谢的影响

目的研究玉竹多糖(POP)对小鼠脂肪代谢关键基因表达的影响,探讨POP干预肥胖形成的机制。方法采用C57BL/6健康清洁级小鼠,每天在喂饲高脂饲料的同时分别经口灌胃给予奥利司他(30mg/kg·d)和玉竹多糖(400 mg/kg·d),期间跟踪小鼠能量摄入量和体质量变化,8 w实验结束后检测小鼠脂肪和肝脏湿重,测定血清血脂含量,采用qPCR技术检测小鼠肝脏脂代谢关键基因表达水平。结果与高脂模型组相比,玉竹多糖能明显抑制小鼠体质量增加,显著降低Lee’s指数、身体质量指数、脂肪和肝脏系数、血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白浓度(P0.05);提高了血清高密度脂蛋白浓渡(P0.05),对能量摄入量影响不明显。但显著减少肝脏脂肪合成相关基因脂蛋白脂酶、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、脂肪酸合成酶、固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c mRNA表达水平(P0.05),上调脂肪分解相关基因激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶mRNA表达(P0.05),但对3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶mRNA表达影响不明显。结论玉竹多糖可以通过调节肝脏脂代谢相关基因的表达水平,促进脂肪氧化分解,抑制脂肪酸合成,抑制小鼠体质量的增加,从而有效预防小鼠肥胖的发生。     

364例产后乳胀不同处理方法的观察对照

目的:探讨及寻求产后乳胀的有效处理方法。方法:选取产后乳胀的产妇364例分两组,观察组200例应用乳腺产后康复治疗仪治疗后再应用热敷及按摩乳房,对照组164例单用热敷及按摩乳房,观察两组产妇在24 h内双侧乳胀的消退情况及泌乳量。结果:两组产妇治疗前、后乳胀程度及泌乳量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后观察组比对照组乳胀明显缓解,泌乳量明显增多。观察组治疗有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:产后康复治疗仪、热敷及按摩乳腺均对乳胀有一定的治疗效果,但两者联用效果明显,能较快、有效地建立成功的母乳喂养。建议临床上联合应用产后康复治疗仪及热敷、按摩乳腺等方法处理乳胀。     

产后按摩对产妇泌乳和子宫功能的影响

目的:探究产后按摩对产妇泌乳和子宫功能的影响。方法:收集2015年3月-2016年3月我院收治的100例顺产产妇,随机分为2组,对照组注射催产素,观察组加用产后按摩,比较两组疗效。结果:观察组见乳时间(2.0±0.5)d,对照组见乳时间(4.3±1.1)d,组间差异显著(p0.05);观察组泌乳量多35例,占70.0%,泌乳量中等11例,占22.0%,泌乳量少4例,占8.0%,对照组泌乳量多20例,占40.0%,泌乳量中等15例,占30.0%,泌乳量少15例,占30.0%,组间差异显著(p0.05);观察组第三产程出血量(145.2±40.2)ml,平均出血量(225.8±43.9)ml,对照组第三产程出血量(200.5±52.2)ml,平均出血量(338.7±60.9)ml,组间差异显著(p0.05)。结论:产后按摩对产妇泌乳和子宫功能的影响效果显著,值得临床推广。     

DEHP介导PPARs对雌性小鼠卵巢功能影响

目的通过介导过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体(PPARs)探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)对雌性生殖系统影响。方法将40只21 d雌性ICR小鼠随机分成DEHP 0、20、100、500 mg/kg剂量组,连续染毒10 d,停止染毒24 h后处死动物,用实时聚合酶链式反应(real time-PCR)技术测定小鼠PPARs mRNA表达水平,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测小鼠血清中雌二醇、孕酮水平。结果 100、500 mg/kg DEHP组卵巢湿重分别为(0.01±0.003)、(0.01±0.007)g,脏器系数分别为(0.13±0.02)%、(0.12±0.03)%,与对照组比较,明显降低(P<0.05);500 mg/kg DEHP组小鼠血清中雌二醇水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);各染毒组小鼠血清孕酮水平与对照组之间无明显差异(P>0.05);与对照组比较,各染毒组PPARα、PPARβmRNA表达水平无明显变化(P>0.05),PPARγmRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论 DEHP作为一种过氧化物酶体增殖剂可以通过改变PPARs基因表达水平影响雌性小鼠卵巢功能。     

加热或丙二醛氧化大豆蛋白对小鼠体内自由基水平及抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨加热或脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)氧化修饰大豆蛋白对小鼠体内自由基水平及抗氧化能力的影响。方法将大豆蛋白加热或MDA氧化处理,饲喂6w龄雄性KM小鼠(40只),按体重随机分成4组:对照组(未处理蛋白)、MDA氧化组(MDA氧化蛋白)、加热氧化组(100℃加热蛋白)、硫辛酸(LA)组(100℃加热蛋白+0.08%LA)。4w后测定小鼠血液和组织的自由基水平、总抗氧化能力、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量。结果饲喂氧化大豆蛋白提高小鼠全血、肝脏、胰腺、十二指肠、空肠自由基水平,MDA氧化组自由基水平最高(P<0.01);与对照组相比,加热与MDA氧化组的小鼠组织的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著下降(P<0.05),MDA含量显著增加(P<0.01);添加0.08%LA能加速自由基的清除,提高小鼠抗氧化能力。结论摄食加热或脂质氧化产物MDA氧化的大豆蛋白,导致小鼠血液及消化器官自由基显著增加,组织抗氧化能力降低。添加抗氧化剂LA可有效清除活性氧自由基,提高机体抗氧化能力,缓解营养性氧化应激。     

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯对小鼠肝脏Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶的影响

目的探讨邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)对小鼠肝脏Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶和Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力的影响。方法将80只雌雄各半的健康清洁级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照(纯玉米油)组和0.5、1.0、2.0 g/kg DMP染毒组,每组20只,雌雄各半。采用灌胃的方式进行染毒,灌胃体积为10 ml/kg,每天灌胃1次。分别在灌胃20、40 d后,每组选择10只小鼠(雌雄各半)测定肝脏Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶和Na~+-K~+-ATP酶的活力。结果灌胃20 d时,与对照组比较,各剂量DMP染毒组雄性小鼠肝脏的Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活力以及1.0、2.0 g/kg DMP染毒组雄性小鼠肝脏的Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力均较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);0.5、2.0 g/kg DMP染毒组雌性小鼠肝脏的Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活力以及2.0 g/kg DMP染毒组雌性小鼠肝脏的Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。灌胃40 d时,与对照组比较,各剂量DMP染毒组雄性小鼠肝脏Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活力无明显变化,0.5 g/kg DMP染毒组雄性小鼠肝脏的Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各剂量DMP染毒组雌性小鼠肝脏的Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶和Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力均较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 DMP经口染毒对小鼠肝脏的Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶和Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活力具有干扰作用,雌性小鼠比雄性小鼠更敏感。     

大豆异黄酮对雄性香猪生殖调控的影响

目的探讨大豆异黄酮对雄性香猪生殖调控的影响。方法 50头雄性仔香猪,随机分为正常对照组(饲喂试验日粮),低、中、高剂量大豆异黄酮组和阳性对照组。大豆异黄酮(纯度为80%)125,250,500 mg/kg和己烯雌酚0.5 mg/kg均匀混于饲料中给予,60 d称重后前腔静脉采血,放免法分析促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、促黄体激素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮和雌二醇的浓度;采血后处死,取下丘脑、脑垂体、睾丸组织,睾丸和附睾称重,采用荧光定量PCR检测睾丸组织中与睾酮合成相关的酶P450scc、3β-HSD和相关蛋白StAR mRNA表达量的变化。结果 250 mg/kg大豆异黄酮组的睾丸指数比正常对照组提高44.76%,差异显著(P<0.05);血清中睾酮水平比正常对照组提高51.94%,差异显著(P<0.05);睾酮合成调节蛋白StAR mRNA的表达量高达1.43%,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。500 mg/kg大豆异黄酮组的睾丸指数比正常对照组降低39.92%,差异显著(P<0.05);血清中睾酮水平比正常对照组降低53.69%,差异显著(P<0.05);StAR mRNA的表达量为0.49%,与250 mg/kg大豆异黄酮组差异显著(P<0.05)。结论大豆异黄酮能影响雄性生殖激素分泌、睾丸和附睾组织的生长发育、睾酮合成相关酶的活性以及大脑中生殖激素基因的表达,并与剂量有关。     

Dietary supplementation increases milk output in the rat

The effects of dietary supplementation on milk output and maternal body composition were investigated in the lactating rat. The supplement was a cooked homogeneous mixture of eggs and maize oil, and had the same protein-energy: total energy value as the control diet. During 2-12 d post partum rats were fed ad lib., either on the control diet alone or on the control diet plus the supplement. Measurements were made of milk output using an isotope-dilution technique, milk composition, and dam and litter body-composition changes. Compared with the dams receiving only the control diet, dams provided with the supplement consumed 19.7% more energy and protein and produced 31.2% more milk and mobilized less body fat. By 12 d of age, pups in litters of dams receiving the supplement were significantly heavier than those in litters of dams receiving the control diet only, and they contained more protein and more fat. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of lactating rats can enhance lactational performance.     

Low intensity exercise and varying proportions of dietary glucose and fat modify milk and mammary gland compositions and pup growth.

Exercise during pregnancy or lactation may create a competition for glucose between the exercising muscle and either the developing fetus or the lactating mammary gland. To test these two hypotheses, pregnant rats were randomly assigned to isoenergetic diets with varying levels of glucose (20, 40 or 60% by weight) and fat (30, 22 or 14%, respectively, by weight) and were rested (R) or exercised (E) on a motorized treadmill at 20 m/min, 60 min/d (low intensity), 7 d/wk throughout pregnancy and lactation. Main effects and selected interactions of diet and exercise during pregnancy and diet, exercise and litter size during lactation were tested using 3 x 2 and 3 x 2 x 2 factorial designs, respectively. Neither diet nor exercise affected pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, during lactation, milk and mammary gland compositions and pup growth were altered. Exercise produced higher milk protein concentrations (40% glucose diet) and lower milk lactose concentrations (20% glucose diet). Exercise also lowered mammary gland fat content and produced higher milk fat concentrations. The 60% glucose diet resulted in the highest milk fat concentrations, but pups of dams fed the 40% diet were heavier on lactation d 15 than pups of dams fed the 60% diet. Taken together, these results support the claim of decreased availability of glucose to the mammary gland for lactose synthesis during chronic low intensity exercise. Additionally, the best lactation performance was not supported by a high carbohydrate (60% glucose), lower fat (14%) intake. A more moderate carbohydrate (40% glucose), higher fat (22%) intake promoted greater pup weights at weaning, suggesting an overlooked role for macronutrient composition in optimizing lactation performance.     

Effect of the level and type of starchy concentrate on tissue lipid metabolism, gene expression and milk fatty acid secretion in Alpine goats receiving a diet rich in sunflower-seed oil

The potential benefits on human health have prompted an interest in developing nutritional strategies for reducing saturated and increasing specific unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in ruminant milk. The impact of the level and type of starchy concentrate added to diets supplemented with sunflower-seed oil on caprine milk FA composition and on mammary, omental and perirenal adipose, and liver lipid metabolism was examined in fourteen Alpine goats in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 21 d experimental periods. Treatments were a grass hay-based diet with a high level of forage (F) or a high level of concentrate with either maize grain (CM) or flattened wheat (CW) as source of starch and supplemented with 130 g/d sunflower-seed oil. Milk yield was enhanced (P<0·01) and milk fat content was decreased on the CM and CW diets compared with the F diet, resulting in similar milk fat secretion. Both high-concentrate diets increased (P<0·05) milk yield of 10 : 0-16 : 0 and decreased trans-9,11-18 : 1 and cis-9, trans-11-18 : 2. The CW diet decreased (P<0·05) the output of ΣC18 and Σcis-18 : 1 and increased (P<0·05) the output of trans-10-18 : 1 in milk. The expression and/or activity of fourteen proteins involved in the major lipogenic pathways in mammary tissues and of lipogenic genes in adipose and liver tissues were similar among treatments. In conclusion, high starch concentrates alter milk FA yield via mechanisms independent of changes in mammary, liver or adipose tissue lipogenic gene expression. Furthermore, data provided indications that mammary lipogenic responses to starch-rich diets differ between caprine and bovine ruminants.     

Effect of calcium salts of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acids containing trans-10, cis-12 in the diet on milk fat synthesis in goats

Dietary supplements of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) containing trans-10, cis-12 CLA decrease milk fat secretion in the lactating cow and sheep, but their effects on mammary lipogenesis in the goat are less well defined. Eight lactating goats were used in two 4 x 4 Latin-square experiments with 14 d experimental periods to examine the effects of calcium salts of CLA methyl esters (CaCLA) containing trans-10, cis-12 on milk fat synthesis. Experimental treatments consisted of incremental inclusion of 0, 30, 60 or 90 g of CaCLA/d (corresponding to 7.47, 14.9 and 22.4 g/d of trans-10, cis-12 CLA) offered during the first 10 d of each experimental period that replaced maize grain in concentrates (Experiment 1) or calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids (Experiment 2). Relative to the control, inclusion of 30, 60 or 90 g CaCLA/d in the diet reduced milk fat yield by 19.8, 27.9 and 32.3 % and 17.5, 39.0 and 49.3 % in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Decreases in milk fat were due to reductions in the secretion of fatty acids synthesised de novo rather than the uptake of fatty acids from the peripheral circulation. Indirect comparisons with the studies in the lactating cow indicated a lower efficacy of CaCLA supplements on mammary lipogenesis in the goat. In conclusion, CaCLA in the diet inhibits milk fat synthesis in the goat, responses that are dependent on the supply of dietary fatty acids, with evidence that the caprine is less sensitive to the anti-lipogenic effects of trans-10, cis-12 CLA compared with the bovine or ovine.     

Dietary conjugated linoleic acids lower the triacylglycerol concentration in the milk of lactating rats and impair the growth and increase the mortality of their suckling pups

Recent studies showed that conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) lower triacylglycerol concentrations in the milk of lactating animals. This study was performed to determine the reasons for this phenomenon; we also investigated whether there is a relation between altered lipid metabolism in the liver and the reduction in milk triacylglycerols in rats fed CLA. Two groups of female rats were fed diets containing 0 [sunflower oil (SFO) group] or 14.7 g/kg diet of a CLA mixture (CLA group) at the expense of sunflower oil during growth, pregnancy, and lactation. CLA-fed rats had 49 and 80% lower mRNA concentration and activity of fatty acid synthase, respectively, a 51% lower mRNA concentration of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in their mammary glands at d 17 of lactation, and a 46% lower milk fat content than SFO rats (P < 0.05). Although CLA rats had lower concentrations of triacylglycerols in the liver than SFO rats (20.8 +/- 2.6 vs. 62.6 +/- 27.7 micromol/g, P < 0.05), concentrations of triglycerides in plasma, which are the substrates of LPL, did not differ between the groups. Moreover, the number of pups per litter, litter weights, and pup weights at d 17 of lactation were 41, 35, and 22% lower, respectively, in the CLA group than in the SFO group. In conclusion, the present study suggests that dietary CLA reduces triacylglycerol concentrations in the milk via reduced de novo fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland and an impaired uptake of fatty acids from lipoproteins into the mammary gland. This might be the reason for reduced growth rates and an increased mortality of suckling pups.     

Mammary lipogenic enzyme activity, trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are altered in lactating dairy cows fed a milk fat-depressing diet

The objectives of the present study were to examine the effect of a milk fat-depressing (MFD) diet on: 1) the activity of mammary acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), 2) ACC mRNA relative abundance and 3) distributions of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and trans-18:1 fatty acids (tFA) in milk fat. Twelve lactating Holstein cows were used in a single reversal design. Two diets were fed: a control diet (60:40% forage/concentrate) and an MFD diet (25:70% forage/concentrate, supplemented with 5% soybean oil). The MFD diet decreased (P: < 0 0.001) milk fat by 43% and ACC and FAS activity by 61 and 44%, respectively. A reduced ACC mRNA relative abundance (P: < 0.001) corresponded with the lower ACC activity. The fatty acids synthesized de novo were decreased (P: < 0. 002), whereas tFA were increased from 1.9 to 15.6% due predominantly to a change in trans-10-18:1 isomer (P: < 0.001). With the MFD diet, the trans-7, cis-9 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers were elevated (P: < 0.001), in contrast to the decrease in trans-11-18:1 (P: < 0. 001) and cis-9, trans-11-18:2. The data were consistent with a dietary effect on mammary de novo FA synthesis mediated through a reduction in ACC and FAS activity and in ACC mRNA abundance. The results were compatible with a role of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk fat depression, but alterations noted in tFA and other CLA isomers suggest that they also may be important during diet-induced milk fat depression.     

A thermally oxidized dietary oil does not lower the activities of lipogenic enzymes in mammary glands of lactating rats but reduces the milk triglyceride concentration

It was shown that dietary thermoxidized oils suppress gene expression of lipogenic enzymes in the liver. This study was performed to investigate whether oxidized oils also influence the activities of lipogenic enzymes in the mammary gland of lactating rats. Female rats (n = 24) were divided into two groups at 4 wk of age. They were fed for 14 wk diets with either fresh oil (a mixture of sunflower oil, linseed oil, and palm oil, 73:15:12) or oxidized oil (a mixture of sunflower oil and linseed oil, 80:20) prepared by heating at a temperature of 50 degrees C for 16 d. At the age of 12 wk, the rats were mated. At birth, litters were adjusted to 7 pups/dam. Milk was sampled at d 14 of lactation; mammary glands were taken at d 19 of lactation. Rats fed the oxidized oil had a lower activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in their mammary glands than those fed the fresh oil (P < 0.05); the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA-carboxylase in mammary glands did not differ. Relative mRNA concentrations of G6PDH, FAS, and sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1, a regulator of lipogenesis, in the mammary gland did not differ between groups. The concentrations in the milk of medium-chain fatty acids (C8-C14), the major products of fatty acid synthesis in mammary glands, also did not differ. The concentrations of triglycerides and long-chain fatty acids (C18-C22), however, were lower in the milk of rats fed the oxidized oil than in the milk of rats fed the fresh oil (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that feeding oxidized oils to lactating rats does not affect lipogenic enzymes in mammary glands but reduces the triglyceride concentrations in their milk.