风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动球囊二尖瓣成形术后复律治疗的临床评价

报道９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动（简称二狭房颤）患者球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）和复律治疗的结果，并与同期行ＰＢＭＶ的１６０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄无房颤（窦性心律，简称二狭窦律）患者进行比较。结果表明临床上无血管栓塞并发症且经超声心动图检查无心房血栓的二狭房颤患者接受ＰＢＭＶ治疗与二狭窦律者一样具有良好的安全性和临床效果。８９例二狭房颤患者ＰＢＭＶ后经复律治疗转为窦性心律（其中１５例仅服用奎尼丁即可复律）。随访２３．５±１１．７月，２４例（２７％）复发。认为房颤持续时间长和左房明显扩大可能是房颤复发的影响因素；ＰＢ－ＭＶ的效果可能是房颤复律后远期疗效的影响因素     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤球囊二尖瓣成形术后心房纤颤的复律治疗

报道９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤（简称二狭房颤）球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）后复律治疗的结果。８９例患者在ＰＢＭＶ后２周内接受复律治疗，１５例服用奎尼丁后恢复窦性心律，７４例经体表电复律转为窦性心律。随访２３．５±１１．７个月，２４例（２７％）患者心房纤颤复发。我们认为心房纤颤病程长，ＰＢＭＶ后瓣口面积小和左房回缩差是心房纤颤复发的可能原因。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动球囊二尖瓣成形术后复…

报道９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动（简称二狭房颤）患者球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）和得律治疗的结果，并与同期行ＰＢＭＶ的１６０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄无房颤（窦性民主律，简称二狭窦律）患者进行比较。结果表明临床上无血管栓塞并发症且经超声心动图检查无心房血栓的二狭房颤患者接受ＰＢＭＶ治疗与二狭窦律者一样具有良好的安全性和档效果。８９例二狭房颤患者ＰＢＭＶ后经复律治疗转为这生心律（其中１５例仅服用奎尼丁即     

风心病房颤患者心房纤维化程度与房颤复律后窦性心律维持的关系

41例风湿性心脏病（风心病）二尖瓣病变患者（房颤29例，窦性心律12例）行心脏外科手术时取右心耳组织，用V—G染色法和VIDAS-21图像分析系统测量其心房组织胶原容积分数（CVF）。结果房颤患者的心房组织CVF明显高于窦性心律患者（P〈0．05）。房颤患者均转复为窦性心律，随访12个月后，维持窦性心律20例，转为房颤9例；房颤复发患者的心房组织CVF、房颤持续时间和左房内径均明显大于维持窦性心律患者（P〈0．05）。提示心房纤维化程度可能是影响风心病房颤患者复律后窦性心律维持的因素之一。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤患者在经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后的心房纤颤电复律治疗(附538例报告)

探讨风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤（房颤）球囊二尖瓣成形术（PBMV）后房颤复律治疗的方法及复律后影响维持窦性心律的因素。方法：PBMV术后4～6周仍不能转复为窦性心律的房颤患者538例进行电复律治疗，转复后随诊3～6个月，动态观察房颤复发情况。结果：538例行体表电复律者，恢复窦性心律。     

二尖瓣置换加Cox手术对心房颤动转复、心电活动及心功能的影响

目的探讨二尖瓣置换加迷宫手术（ＭＶＲ－ＭＰ）对二尖瓣病变伴心房颤动（房颤）患者的心律转复作用及对心电活动和心功能的影响。方法应用心电图、动态心电图、运动负荷心电图及超声心动图观察２８例ＭＶＲ－ＭＰ患者手术前后心电活动、心功能及运动耐量变化,并与９８例单纯二尖瓣置换术（ＭＶＲ）患者的相应指标比较。术前两组均为二尖瓣病变伴长期房颤患者。结果在随访中ＭＶＲ－ＭＰ组和ＭＶＲ组恢复并维持窦性心律分别为９２．９％和２．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;ＭＶＲ－ＭＰ组心律转复后Ｐ波矮小、时限较长,动态及运动心电图未见严重心律失常;两组手术后心功能改善级别分别为２．３７±０．６９和１．４３±０．６７（Ｐ＜０．０１）,所能完成的做功量分别为１０．６７±１．５６和５．２８±０．５９ＭＥＴｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,左室射血分数分别为（６５．０±９．２）％及（５１．４±１０．４）％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＭＶＲ－ＭＰ可使二尖瓣病变伴长期房颤患者恢复窦性心律,可显著提高运动耐量、改善心功能。     

胺碘酮维持二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术后窦性心律的疗效

对二关瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤（简称二狭房颤）行经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术（PBMV）成功后的64例患者，术后即给予胺碘酮0．2g，3次／日×7天，未复律者给予经体表直流电复律，复律后随机分为胺碘酮0．4g／日维持量组和am0．2／日维持量组各32例。结果；单纯眼药1周转复窦性心律14例，余50例经直流电复律全部成功，复律后心功能均明显改善，随访21．60±12．3个目，16例心房纤颤复发。心房纤颤病程长，左房扩大明显者易复发，PBMV效果不佳（瓣口面积扩大程度小和左房四缩差）和术后再狭窄也是复发的重要因素，胺碘酮剂量小（0．2／日维持）易复发，故建议应用胺碘酮0．4／日维持。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效及安全性短期评价

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效及安全性短期评价江洪黄从新王晋明许家张庆华陈元秀我们对９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动（房颤）的球囊二尖瓣成形（ＰＢＭＶ）治疗结果并与１６０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴窦性心律（窦律）患者进行比较，以评价二...     

二尖瓣置换加Cox手术对心房颤动转复,心电活动及心功能？…

探讨二尖瓣置换加中手术（ＭＶＲ－ＭＰ）对二尖瓣病变伴心房颤动患者的心律转复作用及对心电活动和心功能的影响。方法应用心电图，动态心电图，运动负荷心电图及超声心动图观察２８例ＭＶＲ－ＭＰ患者手术前后心电活动，心功能及运动耐量变化，并与９８例单纯二尖瓣置换术患者的相应指标比较，术前两组均二尖瓣病变伴长期房颤患者，结果在随访中ＭＶＲ－ＭＰ组和ＭＶＲ组恢复并维持窦性心律分别为９２．９％和２．０％（Ｐ〈０．。     

经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊扩张成形术后心房颤动复律的体会

对二尖瓣球囊扩张成形术后心房颤动（Ａｆ）同步直流电复律２０例患者的复律过程进行观察和随访，探讨复律的影响因素及窦性心律的维持。结果表明：复律时出现心律失常组的年龄（４３．４±３．１岁）、Ａｆ持续时间（５０．７±１６．８月）、心瓣膜病程（１６０．７±３０．２月）、左房内径（４８．２±７．３ｍｍ）等均高于未出现心律失常组（依次为：３４．７±４．５岁、２１．６±１０．２月、１０１．５±２３．５月、４２．１±４．５ｍｍ），Ｐ＜０．０５。经逐步回归分析发现复律放电能量与病人年龄、Ａｆ持续时间、转复时心率、左房内径等因素有关。复律时除应注意上述影响因素外，还应适当调整放电能量以使复律易于成功。对窦性心律的维持认为以口服胺碘酮效果较好     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动二尖瓣球囊扩张术疗效评价

对26例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤额（房颤二狭）与同期31例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄无房颤（窦律二狭）患者PBMV术后及随访结果进行比较，结果显示：虽然房颤二狭具有血栓发生率高、左房前后径大、瓣膜超声评分高等特殊性，但只要术前抗凝准备充分，操作仔细，房颤二狭接受PBMV治疗与窦律二狭一样具有良好的安全性和临床效果。     

二尖瓣球囊扩张术对患者血浆B型利钠肽水平的影响

目的:观察二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)对二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆B型利钠肽(BNP)水平的影响。方法:检测30例成功施行PBMV的二尖瓣狭窄患者(窦性心律21例,心房颤动9例)术前、术后20 min及术后24 h的血浆BNP浓度,与8例对照者比较,并将BNP浓度与血流动力学参数作相关分析。结果:术前30例二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆BNP水平显著高于对照者(P<0．01);且与平均左心房压(r=0．441,P< 0．05)和肺动脉压(r=0．488,P<0．01)呈正相关。心房颤动患者与窦性心律患者BNP浓度无明显差异。术后20 mim及术后24 h窦性心律患者BNP浓度较术前显著下降(P均<0．05),术后24 h左心室舒张末容量(P<0．01)和每搏输出量(P<0．05)较术前相应增加,左心室舒张末压不变;术后20 min的BNP浓度变化与平均左心房压变化(r=0．696,P <0．01)及肺动脉压变化(r=0．456,P<0．05)呈正相关。术后心房颤动患者BNP浓度较术前无明显改变,左心室舒张末容量和每搏输出量相应不变,左心室舒张末压术后20 min较术前增加(P<0．01)。结论:二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆BNP浓度升高和左心房压及肺动脉压升高相关。心脏节律对球囊扩张术后血浆BNP的变化起重要作用,BNP是反映窦性心律患者球囊扩张术后左心房压及肺动脉压变化的敏感指标,但这一指标不适用于心房颤动患者。     

One-year outcome of cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral stenosis after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Our objectives were to study the success rate of electrical cardioversion after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with symptomatic moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation (AF) and the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm for < or =1 year. We studied patients with mitral stenosis and AF who were scheduled for PBMV. Electrical cardioversion was performed 1 month after PBMV. Amiodarone 200 mg/day was started the day after PBMV. The primary outcomes studied were the rate of successful cardioversion and the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm at 12 months. Of 272 patients scheduled for PBMV, 70 were enrolled. The average age was 45 +/- 10 years. The average mitral valve area was 0.82 +/- 0.22 cm(2). Cardioversion was successful in 50 patients (71%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that left atrial size and associated aortic valvular disease were predictors of successful cardioversion. Of the 50 patients with successful cardioversion, AF recurred in 24 (48%). An increased left atrial diameter was the only factor associated with AF recurrence at 12 months. In conclusion, good candidates for cardioversion after PBMV were those with a left atrial diameter of <60 mm and no associated aortic valvular disease -- approximately 43% of patients with AF scheduled for PBMV. In this group, about 2/3 were in sinus rhythm at 12 months after cardioversion.     

风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后即刻P波离散度变化与左房平均压变化之间的关系

目的探讨风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)后即刻P波离散度(Pd)变化与左心房(左房)平均压(LMAP)变化之间的关系。方法选取成功进行PBMV风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者32例,测量PBMV术前、术后即刻Pd、LMAP、二尖瓣口面积(MVA)及左房大小(LAS),计算Pd变化值,并与LMAP、MVA和LAS变化值行相关性分析。结果PBMV术后即刻Pd与LMAP明显减小(P<0.05)、MVA明显增加(P<0.05)、LAS无明显变化(P>0.05);Pd变化值仅与LMAP变化值之间具有相关性。结论风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者PBMV术后即刻Pd变化与LMAP变化可能有关,提示心房牵张可能是引起风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者Pd变化的原因。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后心房颤动复律患者血浆中利钠肽和脑钠肽的变化

目的:观察经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)后心房颤动(房颤)成功复律与未复律患者血浆中心房利钠肽(ANP)和脑钠肽(BNP)的变化,并探讨与血流动力学参数的关系.方法:选择成功PBMV的风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴持续房颤律患者48例,其中成功复律组20例,未复律28例,获得外周静脉血及血流动力学完整资料.分别用放射免疫法和酶链免疫法测定血浆中ANP、BNP值,由超声心动图测左房内径(LAD)、二尖瓣口面积(MVA)、二尖瓣跨瓣压差(MPG)、左室舒张末径(LVEED).结果:随访至PBMV后1年,复律组患者血浆中ANP和BNP逐步下降,而未复律组BNP呈下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 复律组LAD和MPG较未复律组显著缩小(P<0.05).ANP、BNP与血流动力学指标之间相关性比较显示:复律组,术后1年与术前比较△LAD与△ANP下降仍呈正相关性(r=0.774;P<0.05),而△BNP与△MPG有相关(r=0.574;P<0.05).结论:PBMV后,房颤复律可进一步改善血流动力学,缩小LAD,降低血浆中ANP和BNP水平,复律后ANP和BNP的变化,仍是间接反映LAD和MPG变化趋势的有效指标.     

Evaluation of left ventricular long-axis function in cases of rheumatic pure mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation

Using tissue Doppler echocardiography, we evaluated left ventricular long-axis function in 65 mitral stenosis patients, 30 of whom were in sinus rhythm and 35 of whom were in chronic atrial fibrillation. There were 35 healthy control subjects. Conventional echocardiography was used to evaluate left ventricular diameters, left atrial diameters, left ventricular ejection fractions, and mitral valve areas. Tissue Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), ejection time (ET), and peak systolic myocardial velocities. The myocardial performance index was calculated with the formula (ICT+IRT)/ET. Mean and segmental left ventricular IRT and ICT values were significantly longer in mitral stenosis patients than in control subjects, but were similar in the sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation subgroups. Ejection times were significantly lower in the mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation group than in the mitral stenosis with sinus rhythm and control groups (P<0.001), but were similar when the sinus rhythm group was compared with the control group (P<0.05). Myocardial performance index values were higher in mitral stenosis patients, significantly so in those with atrial fibrillation when compared with the control group (P<0.001). Systolic velocity values were significantly lower in mitral stenosis patients, more markedly so in those with atrial fibrillation than in the control group (P<0.001).We conclude that patients with pure rheumatic mitral stenosis, most particularly when in combination with atrial fibrillation, have significantly impaired left ventricular long-axis function as evaluated by tissue Doppler echocardiography, although global systolic function may be normal.     

Limited internal shocks for atrial fibrillation refractory to external cardioversion.

We investigated the feasibility and long-term results of low-energy internal defibrillation using a limited number of shocks in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation resistant to external cardioversion. A relatively high number of shocks of lower energy are usually required in those cases and can be poorly tolerated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-five patients with persistent atrial fibrillation underwent internal defibrillation, using biphasic R wave synchronous shocks between two catheters in the high right atrium and the coronary sinus. Conversion to sinus rhythm was obtained in all patients, with a median of two shocks. Early recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) occurred in eight cases (32%). Seven patients (41%) out of 17 discharged in sinus rhythm remained free of AF after a median follow-up of 8.9 months. Severe mitral insufficiency (P=0.05) and low left ventricle ejection fraction (P=0.002) were correlated with earlier recurrence. Amiodarone significantly favored (P=0.019) maintenance of sinus rhythm. CONCLUSION: Internal defibrillation using a limited number of shocks equal to or less than 30 Joules is effective in terminating refractory atrial fibrillation and could be more acceptable for patients. However, the recurrence rate remains high, particularly in patients with severe mitral insufficiency or poor ventricular function. Amiodarone delays recurrences of atrial fibrillation.     

Improvement of quality of life after percutaneous balloon mitral valvulotomy in patients with mitral stenosis: does rhythm matter?

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Limited data are available on the effect of percutaneous balloon mitral valvulotomy (PBMV) on quality of life (QoL) in patients with mitral stenosis (MS), and whether the effect is similar between patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and with atrial fibrillation (AF). The study aim was to determine the effect of PBMV on the QoL of such patient groups. METHODS: A total of 130 patients with symptomatic MS and scheduled for PBMV was studied. Patients with AF were predominantly male, and had more severe symptoms, a larger left atrial size and a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Baseline characteristics were collected together with PBMV outcomes. QoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire at baseline, and at one and six months after PBMV. The QoL assessment included eight aspects: physical functioning; role physical; bodily pain; general health; vitality; social functioning; role emotional; and mental health. The raw scale was transformed into a transformed scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Physical and mental subscales were calculated. RESULTS: The cardiac rhythm was AF in 65 patients (50%). QoL on physical and mental scales was significantly improved after PBMV. There was no difference in the effect of PBMV on QoL improvement in patients with AF and SR. QoL improvement was demonstrated in all aspects, except for bodily pain. PBMV also improved NYHA functional class and mitral valve area, but decreased left atrial diameter and right ventricular systolic pressure in both groups. An increase in LVEF was observed in patients with AF CONCLUSION: PBMV was shown to improve QoL in patients with MS, irrespective of their baseline cardiac rhythm.     

Echocardiographic study of left atrial thrombi in mitral stenosis

Sixty-nine patients with predominant mitral stenosis were examined by echocardiographic means to detect the presence of left atrial thrombi. Forty-nine of these patients were in sinus rhythm and twenty in atrial fibrillation. Four percent of patients in the sinus rhythm group and 45% of those in the atrial fibrillation group had left atrial thrombi. The two risk factors identified for left atrial thrombi in mitral stenosis were atrial fibrillation and left atrial enlargement.