急性冠状动脉综合征非ST段抬高患者心血管危险因素及其影像学特征

目的：分析比较非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征与ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者的心血管危险因素和影像学特征.方法：选择2003-01/2004-04在南方医科大学南方医院心内科住院并接受冠脉造影的冠心病患者,按照2002年美国心脏病学学院/美国心脏协会不稳定型心绞痛和非ST段抬高心肌梗死治疗指南及2000年中华医学会心血管病学分会的不稳定性心绞痛诊断和治疗建议进行诊断分类.非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征患者33例（非ST段抬高组）,男30例,女3例.ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者33例（ST段抬高组）,男27例,女6例.对两组患者的心血管危险因素和影像学特征进行对比统计分析.结果：进入结果分析非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征患者33例,ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者33例.非ST段抬高组与ST段抬高组具有相同程度的冠心病危险因素年龄、血脂紊乱、高血压、肥胖、合并糖尿病、有吸烟史、有早发冠心病家族史（P＞0.05）.非ST段抬高组患者具有2个以上心血管危险因素,其病变血管数与ST段抬高组相似;冠状动脉狭窄程度重于ST段抬高组[狭窄程度＜50%：8,3例;50%～74%：9,9例;75%～99%：53,43例;100%：1,20例,Z=3.45,P=0.001],但＞75%以上严重的狭窄病变占总病变的76%.严重狭窄病变形态差于ST段抬高组（Z=3.23,P=0.001）.结论：非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征与ST段抬高的心肌梗死患者具有相似的危险因素;ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉狭窄更严重,而且较严重的病变形态多于非ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征患者.     

急性冠脉综合征生化诊断标志物临床研究进展

急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome．ACS）是包括不稳定型心绞痛（unstable angina,UA）、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死和ST段抬高型心肌梗死等的一组临床综合征,     

非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征介入治疗新进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（coronary atheroscl-erotic heart disease,CHD）严重威胁着人类健康,急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndromes,ACS）是导致心血管疾病尤其是CHD死亡的主要原因。ACS包括不稳定心绞痛（unstableangina,UA）、非ST段抬高心肌梗死（nonSTsegment elevation myoeardial infarction,NSTEMI）、ST段抬高心肌梗死（STsegment elevation myocardialin farction,STEMI）。     

急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后再入院影响因素的系统评价

急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)是一种常见且严重的心血管疾病,是指冠状动脉阻塞所引起的任何类型的症状.ACS涵盖了ST段抬高型心肌梗死,非ST段抬高型心肌梗死和不稳定型心绞痛.经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)是A...     

糖化血红蛋白水平与急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉病变程度相关性研究

目的探讨糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平与急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法选择进行冠状动脉造影检查的患者179例,试验组根据冠状动脉造影结果分为急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）组、急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）组;冠脉造影正常者92例,为对照组。采用冠脉狭窄程度积分评价冠脉狭窄程度,各组同时检测HbA1c等指标,分析HbA1c与冠脉病变严重程度之间的关系。结果 HbA1c与冠脉病变积分呈正相关（P〈0.05）,STEMI组HbA1c稍高于NSTEMI组。结论 HbA1c水平与急性心肌梗死患者冠脉病变程度积分呈正相关,监测其水平可作为评估急性心肌梗死未行冠状动脉造影患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的指标之一。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-2的水平变化及其意义

急性冠状动脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）包括不稳定型心绞痛（unstable angina,UA）、非ST段抬高或ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）和心源性猝死（sudden cardiogenic death,SCD）,其发生机制是由于易损的冠状动脉（冠脉）粥样硬化斑块出现裂缝、溃疡或破裂并触发血栓形成所致.     

急诊不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术在危重急性冠脉综合征患者中的应用

急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome)包含不稳定型心绞痛、急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死和ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死,是冠心病急症,此类患者如果同时合并低血压甚至心源性休克等危重状况,行急诊冠状动脉搭桥术比常规择期患者的围手术期死亡率高很多.     

急性冠状动脉综合征非ST段抬高患者心血管危险因素及其影像学特征

目的：分析比较非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征与ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者的心血管危险因素和影像学特征。 方法：选择2003-01／2004-04在南方医科大学南方医院心内科住院并 接受冠脉造影的冠心病患者，按照2002年美国心脏病学学院／美国心脏协会不稳定型心绞痛和非ST段抬高心肌梗死治疗指南及2000年中华医学会心血管病学分会的不稳定性心绞痛诊断和治疗建议进行诊断分类。非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征患者33例(非ST段抬高组)，男30例，女3例。ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者33例(ST段抬高组)，男27例，女6例。对两组患者的心血管危险因素和影像学特征进行对比统计分析。 结果：进入结果分析非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征患者33例，ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者33例。非ST段抬高组与ST段抬高组具有相同程度的冠心病危险因素年龄、血脂紊乱、高血压、肥胖、合并糖尿病、有吸烟史、有早发冠心病家族史(P>0．05)。非ST段抬高组患者具有2个以上心血管危险因素，其病变血管数与ST段抬高维相似；冠状动脉狭窄程度重于ST段抬高组[狭窄程度<50％：8，3例；50％～74％：9，9例；75％～99％：53，43例；100％：1，20例，Z=3．45，P=0．001]，但>75％以上严重的狭窄病变占总病变的76％。严重狭窄病变形态差于ST段抬高组(Z=3．23，P=0．001)。 结论：非ST段抬高的急性冠状动脉综合征与ST段抬高的心肌梗死患者具有相似的危险因素；ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者冠状动脉狭窄更严重，而且较严重的病变形态多于非ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征患者。     

ST段抬高型与非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死的比较研究

现在普遍的观点认为，炎症反应、脂质代谢、斑块动力学、血小板和凝血系统相互联系、相互作用，导致斑块破裂、血小板聚集和血栓扩展，最终引发急性心肌梗死（AMI）。AMI可归结为长期缺血所致心肌细胞死亡，心电图ST—T变化可反映出心肌缺血的特征。为了采取不同对策早期积极干预AMI，临床上根据患者发病时心电图ST段的变化特点，将心肌梗死分为ST段抬高型和非ST段抬高型两型。ST段抬高型与非ST段抬高型AMI的临床表现、病理生理机制、治疗方法都有所不同，但对两者的合并症、冠状动脉（冠脉）血管病变特点、发生部位及预后是否存在差异尚很少报道。     

冠状动脉易损斑块早期识别的研究进展

急性冠状动脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）是心血管疾病的危重急症,临床上分为不稳定性心绞痛（UA）,非ST段抬高性心肌梗死（NSTEMI）和ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）。近年来,已经证实易损斑块（vulnerable plaque,VP）是ACS及急性心血管病事件的病理生理机制。自1844年第一次对斑块破裂进行了描述,＂高危斑块＂、     

Changes in the way diagnostic coronary arteriography is performed due to the interventional prospect: the clinical impact

Our study was aimed at assessing whether diagnostic coronary angiography has changed in the interventional era. We have studied consecutive 1073 patients with coronary artery disease that was detected by a first angiographic study 2 years prior to (group 1: 545 patients) and after (group 2: 528 patients) the start of an interventional cardiology program in our catheterization laboratory. Radiological data and the use of intracoronary nitrates were recorded as well as demographic data and angiographic results. Pre- and post-interventional era comparison demonstrated: a significant increase in cranial, caudal and left anterior oblique angles, 19.3 degrees +/- 14.8 degrees vs. 24.3 degrees +/- 15.4 degrees, -18.4 degrees +/- 17.4 degrees vs. -23.3 degrees +/- 13.9 degrees, and 29.0 degrees +/- 23.3 degrees vs. 36.2 degrees +/- 25.4 degrees, respectively; a decrease in mean number of angiographic views and mean fluoroscopy time, 9.5 degrees +/- 1.6 degrees vs. 8.9 degrees +/- 1.8 degrees (p = 0.04) and 4.1 +/- 4.2 vs. 3.6 +/- 3.2 min (p = 0.008), respectively. The percentage of patients with normal coronary arteries on coronary arteriography decreased from 9.78 to 8.07% in the pre- and post-interventional era comparison. The way coronary arteriography is performed has changed, thanks to the new interventional attitude of invasive cardiologists. Trainees and young fellows should be trained right from the start of their fellowship to assess coronary artery disease from an interventional point of view.     

冠状动脉造影对心肌桥的检测及临床意义

目的 探讨冠脉造影中心肌桥的检出率及其临床意义。 方法 根据冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉管腔收缩期狭窄判定心肌桥，并根据收缩期狭窄程度分为3级。 结果 1447例行冠状动脉造影的患者中共检出心肌桥10例，检出率2．2％，全部位于左前降支。2例在心肌桥近端有粥样硬化病变，管腔固定狭窄达70％以上，置入支架。其他有症状病例经药物治疗，临床症状消失。 结论 冠状动脉造影时收缩期狭窄是判定心肌桥的惟一依据，心肌桥可导致缺血性心脏事件，对有缺血症状者应予适当治疗。     

Successful implantation of a coronary sinus lead after stenting of a coronary vein stenosis

Dislodgment of the coronary sinus lead was observed in a 79-year-old patient 8 months after implantation of a biventricular pacing system. A severe stenosis in the posterolateral branch, in which the lead was previously positioned, prohibited reinsertion of the lead. Because no other branches with adequate anatomy for lead insertion were available in the targeted area, the stenosis was dilated and stented. Subsequently, the left ventricular lead could be reimplanted in the same vessel.     

Echocardiographic Diagnosis of a Right Coronary Artery-Coronary Sinus Fistula

In this case report, we describe a 67-year-old woman with right coronary artery-coronary sinus fistula. This woman had complaints of chest pain. Ischemic ECG changes and a ventricular tachycardia were detected on her electrocardiogram. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a large right coronary artery and a dilated coronary sinus. Drainage of the coronary artery to the coronary sinus was detected by colour flow mapping during transesophageal echocardiographic examination, and a 94 mmHg peak gradient was recorded by continuous wave Doppler at the drainage site. These findings were confirmed by cardiac catheterization. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography can provide definitive confirmation of the right coronary artery-coronary sinus fistula, and can be the diagnostic procedure of choice when this anomaly is suspected.     

老年冠心病及血运重建对QT离散度的影响

目的 观察老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前后QT离散度(QTd)的变化特点与趋势,并与正常对照组进行对比,探讨QTd与冠状动脉狭窄程度和范围的关系及经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和PCI对其的影响,以期为临床寻找一种评价PCI术预后的有效无创方法.方法 已行冠状动脉造影术的≥60岁冠心病患者679例,分为冠心病组(经冠状动脉造影证实有单支或多支病变,狭窄程度≥50％)536例.对照组(同期住院冠状动脉造影狭窄程度＜50％)143例.术前分别描记两组的常规12导联心电图,测量QTd、校正QT离散度(QTcd).经冠状动脉造影证实狭窄程度≥75％的393例冠心病患者行PCI术,并再分为3个亚组:单支病变组176例,双支病变组118例,3支病变组99例.对照组:同期住院冠状动脉造影狭窄程度＜50％患者143例.PCI各组术前、术后1天、7天,分别检测QTd、QTcd,进行比较.结果 冠心病组胆红素明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).冠心病组的总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和血尿酸明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),QTd和QTcd明显比对照组延长(P＜0.01),冠心病3个亚组的QTd和QTcd在术前、术后1天和术后7天均呈逐渐下降趋势,3个亚组在组间、不同时点以及组间和不同时点的交互作用中差异均有统计学意义.单支病变组术前QTd(48.52±12.35)ms,术后1天(41.23±13.35) ms,术后7天(41.12±12.61) ms,术前QTcd(55.34±15.81)ms,术后1天(48.62±14.93) ms,术后7天(48.23±13.65) ms;双支病变组术前QTd(53.26±16.95) ms,术后1天(44.54±14.63)ms,术后7天(43.96±15.32) ms,术前QTcd(59.41±16.72)ms,术后1天(50.35±15.43) ms,术后7天(49.94±15.35)ms;3支病变组术前QTd(58.43±13.72) ms,术后1天(52.82±13.66)ms,术后7天(52.76±13.32)ms,术前QTcd(65.91±18.53)ms,术后1天(60.21±16.38) ms,术后7天(60.19±15.74) ms.结论 QTd、QTcd在冠心病患者明显升高,PCI术后明显降低,并与冠状动脉狭窄的程度和范围有关.说明QTd、QTcd可以作为临床上预测心肌缺血,评估PCI术后预后的有效无创指标.     

冠状动脉介入治疗后痉挛的原因分析及护理对策

回顾分析了2003年1月-2005年1月行冠状动脉支架植入术后4例发生冠状动脉痉挛的原因,认为可能与血管的狭窄、术中造影剂或机械刺激、精神紧张等因素有关。针对冠状动脉支架植入术后发生冠状动脉痉挛的时间和规律,认真做好术前评估,尤其是高危患健康教育和心理护理,术后严格床头交接班,了解介入治疗血管及未治疗血管狭窄的情况．并对患发作冠状动脉痉挛时的心电图变化进行分析,加强围手术期的病情观察。     

Revascularization strategies in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

This review aims to describe new developments in coronary revascularization strategies for patients with pre-existing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Recommended strategies for revascularization have been an active area of study with recent important developments. In patients with Type 2 DM and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the preferred method for revascularization. Patients with DM are at increased risk for diffuse cardiovascular disease due to the proinflammatory, prothrombotic effects of chronic hyperglycemia. In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, drug-eluting stents and more potent antiplatelet agents especially in those presenting with acute coronary syndromes should be employed.     

Whole blood versus plasma measurements of glutamate and alanine across the human myocardium

Comparisons of whole blood and plasma aorto-coronary sinus concentration differences of glutamate and alanine were made before, during and after coronary sinus pacing in seven patients with normal and six patients with stenotic coronary arteries. Mean differences between duplicate analyses were greater in whole blood than plasma both of glutamate (7.5±5.8 vs. 3.3±3.0 μmol/l, p<0.001) and of alanine (7.9±7.0 vs. 3.8±3.4 μmol/l, p<0.001). Concentrations of glutamate were 3.4 and of alanine 1.4 times higher in whole blood than in plasma. Blood cells were calculated to be responsible for about 20% of glutamate and alanine blood exchanges across the heart. Plasma and whole blood fluxes were closely positively correlated (glutamate:r=0.81, alanine:r=0.88) and had always the same direction. Differences in myocardial exchanges of amino acids between the patients with and without coronary artery disease, as well as rapid changes during pacing, could be demonstrated in plasma analyses but were not significantly reflected in whole blood glutamate determinations. This seemed to be due to the greater variations in whole blood analysis. In conclusion, differences in aorto-coronary sinus plasma concentrations reflected, although underestimated, whole blood fluxes. Because of considerable gains in precision of analysis, plasma should be preferred to whole blood for evaluations of glutamate and alanine exchanges across the human heart.