广东省怀集县中学生自杀未遂状况调查及相关因素分析

目的了解广东省怀集县中学生自杀未遂的报告率,探讨其危险因素,为实施心理危机干预提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,在广东省怀集县两所中学每个年级各抽取2个班级共12个班级的593名学生为调查对象。采用自编人口学问卷、自杀未遂调查表进行匿名调查。通过Logistic回归模型探讨自杀未遂相关因素。结果共567份(95.6%)问卷纳入最终分析。被访者平均年龄(15.1±11.6)岁,女生293名(51.7%)。自杀未遂率为4.8%,女男自杀未遂率比为2.2:1。女性(OR=3.4,95%CI:1.2~9.3)、认识的本校同学有自杀行为(OR=15.4,95%CI:5.9~40.2)、近一个月因心理问题影响学习(OR=9.2,95%CI:2.8~30.4)是既往自杀未遂的独立危险因素,班主任为女性(OR=0.2,95%CI:0.1~0.5)可能是独立保护性因素。结论怀集县中学生,尤其是女生自杀未遂发生率高,应根据研究发现的自杀未遂相关因素在怀集县建立有针对性的自杀预防体系。     

上海市浦东新区失地农民心理状况调查及影响因素分析

目的了解上海市浦东新区失地农民的心理健康状况,分析其影响因素,为制定相关政策提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取浦东新区两个镇的居民,其中失地农民和非失地农民各600人,运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷调查。收回有效问卷1151份。结果失地农民心理异常检出率高于非失地农民(45.79%vs.35.15%,χ~2=26.057,P0.001),并且失地农民各项SCL-90各项因子得分均高于非失地农民。Logistic多元回归分析显示父亲身体状况是影响失地农民心理状况的主要危险因素。结论社会和政府应该重视失地农民的心理健康状况,并采取有效措施提高他们的心理卫生水平。     

饮茶习惯和老年认知功能损害的相关性研究

目的调查研究社区50岁以上老年人群中饮茶习惯与痴呆和轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的相关性。方法采用横断面调查,对≥50岁的社区居民进行全套神经系统体检、神经心理测试,根据国际统一的诊断标准诊断痴呆和MCI。采用问卷调查研究对象的饮茶习惯,包括开始饮茶的年龄,饮茶的量和种类等。采用Logistic回归模型分析饮茶各因素与痴呆和MCI的相关性。结果完成全部测试项目的 3 756名研究对象中,159名(4.2%)诊断为痴呆,696名(18.5%)诊断为MCI。单因素分析中,饮茶、每月饮茶量、饮用绿茶及每月饮用绿茶量4个因素在痴呆组、MCI组和认知正常组的组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经多因素分析校正多个变量后发现:饮茶是痴呆(OR=0.352,95%CI:0.197~0.629)和MCI(OR=0.740,95%CI:0.602~0.910)的保护因素;每月饮茶量多是痴呆(OR=0.847,95%CI:0.727~0.988)的保护因素;饮用绿茶是痴呆(OR=0.318,95%CI:0.171~0.591)和MCI(OR=0.738,95%CI:0.595~0.916)的保护因素;每月饮用绿茶量多是痴呆(OR=0.829,95%CI:0.709~0.971)的保护因素。结论老年人有规律饮茶,尤其是绿茶,可以预防认知功能损害的发生。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下兰州市中学生学医意向及相关因素

目的 了解兰州市新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情局部暴发后中学生学医意向及其相关因素,以期为中学生早期职业生涯规划教育提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,于2022年7月21日-31日对兰州市5所中学的1 795名中学生进行线上问卷调查。采用自编问卷收集中学生一般资料、是否存在学医意向及原因,采用青少年心理韧性量表评定中学生心理弹性水平,行多因素Logistic回归分析探索疫情局部暴发后中学生学医意向的相关因素。结果 兰州市COVID-19疫情局部暴发后,有835名（46.52%）中学生有学医意向,有学医意向的原因排名前三位的分别为：被疫情期间医务人员感动（75.69%）、对医学专业有兴趣（67.31%）、疫情后国家更重视医学发展（43.23%）。Logistic回归分析显示,女性（OR=1.438,P<0.01）、有家人从事医疗卫生行业（OR=1.574,P<0.01）、青少年心理韧性量表评分越高（OR=1.011,P<0.01）与中学生较高的学医意向相关;高中生（OR=0.473,P<0.01）、所接收到疫情相关信息中负面信息占比≥50%(OR=0....     

帕金森病伴抑郁和焦虑共病的研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者伴抑郁和焦虑共病的发生率及其相关因素。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对480名PD患者和105名正常对照者进行评分,采用统一PD评定量表第Ⅲ部分(UPDRSⅢ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期评定PD患者的运动症状,采用PD非运动症状(NMS)筛查问卷(NMSQ)、PD睡眠量表(PDSS)和蒙特利尔认知测验(MOCA)评定PD患者的NMS。结果 PD组中抑郁的发生率(19.4%)明显高于正常对照组(5.7%),焦虑的发生率(30.4%)明显高于正常对照组(14.3%),抑郁和焦虑共病的发生率(15.8%)也明显高于正常对照组(5.7%)(均P<0.01)。多元Logistc回归分析显示,抑郁的发生与NMSQ评分呈正相关(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.07~1.37);焦虑的发生与女性(OR=1.91,95%CI:1.04~3.50)、H-Y分期(OR=2.87,95%CI:1.23~6.70)、UPDRSⅢ评分(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.00~1.06)及NMSQ评分(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.10~1.26)呈正相关,而与PD...     

天津市北辰区社区居民心理躯体状态与睡眠质量的 关系

目的 了解天津市北辰区社区居民睡眠质量与心理躯体状态的关系。方法 采用分层 随机抽样的方法。在天津市北辰区集贤街10个社区中共抽取18岁以上的调查对象3 000人。调查问 卷包括被调查者的一般资料、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、自测健康评定量表1.0版（SRHMS V1.0）、 抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）,研究以PSQI总分＞7分为低睡眠质量。结果 回收问卷2 806份, 应答率为93.5%,剔除不完整问卷后取得有效问卷2 764份。正常睡眠者较低睡眠质量者SRHMS总分 及因子分更高,差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.01）。低睡眠质量者SDS和SAS评分更高,且SAS评分组间比 较差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.01）。Logistic回归分析显示,女性（OR=1.559,95%CI=1.164~2.088）、年龄越 大（OR=1.023,95%CI=1.013~1.034）、SAS评分增高（OR=1.077,95%CI=1.060~1.095）为低睡眠质量的危 险因素。SRHMS中生理健康因子分评分高（OR=0.992,95%CI=0.984~1.000）、社会健康因子分评分高 （OR=0.979,95%CI=0.971~0.986）为低睡眠质量的保护性因素。结论 天津市北辰区社区居民低睡眠质 量者的自评健康状态不佳。女性、年龄大以及较高的焦虑水平可能是低质量睡眠的危险因素。     

焦虑和抑郁症状与老年认知功能障碍的相关性研究

目的调查研究社区≥50岁老年人认知功能障碍与焦虑、抑郁症状的关系。方法采用横断面调查,对≥50岁的社区居民进行全套神经系统体检、神经心理测试,根据国际统一的诊断标准诊断痴呆和轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)。采用Logistic回归模型分析焦虑、抑郁症状与痴呆和MCI的相关性。结果完成全部测试项目的3 738名研究对象中,155例(4.1%)被诊断为痴呆(痴呆组),691例(18.5%)被诊断为MCI(MCI组)。2 892名(77.4%)无痴呆和MCI的研究对象为认知功能正常(正常组)。经多因素分析校正多个变量后发现,男性患者抑郁症状得分每增加1分,患痴呆相对正常组患病率增高6.2%(OR=1.062,95%CI:1.020~1.105),预测概率范围为(0.01,0.10);女性患者抑郁症状得分每增加1分,患痴呆或MCI相对正常组患病率增高4.6%(OR=1.046,95%CI:1.013~1.079)、3.2%(OR=1.032,95%CI:1.017~1.047),预测概率范围分别为(0.01,0.10)、(0.12,0.36),焦虑症状得分每增加1分,患MCI相对正常组患病率增高2.2%(OR=1.022,95%CI:1.005~1.040),预测概率范围为(0.10,0.28)。结论横断面调查发现痴呆与越高的抑郁症状得分有关;在女性中,MCI与越高的焦虑、抑郁症状得分有关;在男性中则无这种关系存在。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生抑郁伴躯体化症状情况及影响因素

目的了解新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间大学生抑郁伴躯体化症状情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法于2020年3月12日-19日,以中国传媒大学南广学院(现南京传媒学院)2019级本科大一全体学生为研究对象,通过网络发放问卷。采用突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷(PQEEPH)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)躯体化因子、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及自制一般人口学资料调查表进行调查,对数据进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果共回收有效问卷3 406份,有效问卷回收率为93.0%。抑郁检出率为55.7%(1 898/3 406),抑郁伴躯体化症状检出率为4.9%(93/1 898)。Logistic回归分析显示,单亲家庭(OR=2.977,P0.01)、PQEEPH神经衰弱维度评分(OR=3.693,P0.01)、PQEEPH强迫-焦虑维度评分(OR=6.794,P=0.001)、抑郁严重程度为中度(OR=1.788,P=0.065)和重度(OR=4.462,P=0.003)是大学生抑郁伴躯体化症状的影响因素。结论COVID-19疫情期间,一定比例的大学生存在抑郁伴躯体化症状,其中受疫情影响出现的强迫-焦虑情绪、神经衰弱、中度及以上严重程度的抑郁及单亲家庭是大学生抑郁伴躯体化症状的危险因素。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂危险因素分析

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂的危险因素。方法回顾分析2011年1月~2016年1月在我院确诊为颅内动脉瘤的373例患者的病历资料,根据动脉瘤破裂与否将研究对象分为破裂组(n=343)和未破裂组(n=30),对两组患者的临床资料及动脉瘤相关特征资料进行搜集,并进行单因素分析筛选,然后行Logistic回归分析。结果(1)经χ2分析及t检验示年龄、吸烟、饮酒、动脉瘤直径、动脉瘤部位等比较结果具有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)经logistic回归分析示颅内动脉瘤发生破裂的相关危险因素有青年(OR=1.437,95%CI=0.542~3.813)、老年(OR=1.083,95%CI=0.619~1.895)、中等动脉瘤(OR=1.764,95%CI=0.611~5.096)、前交通动脉瘤(OR=2.839,95%CI=1.238~6.509)、后交通动脉瘤(OR=1.102,95%CI=0.624~1.944)、高血压(OR=1.04895%CI=0.585~1.877)、饮酒史(OR=1.286,95%CI=0.503~3.290)。结论青年、老年、高血压、饮酒史、中等动脉瘤、前交通动脉瘤、后交通动脉瘤是颅内动脉瘤破裂的相关危险因素。     

帕金森病患者营养状况及其相关因素分析

目的研究帕金森病(PD)患者营养状况及其相关因素。方法收集180名PD患者为研究对象,应用量表系统性评估患者运动及非运动症状,采用微营养评定法(MNA-SF)评估营养状况。结果正常营养状态与非正常营养状态PD患者间病程、统一PD评分量表Ⅲ(UPDRSⅢ)、H-Y分期及非运动症状的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05~0.01)。二元Logistics回归结果显示H-Y分期(OR=2.35,95%CI:1.24~4.45,P=0.007)、抑郁情绪(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.25~1.67,P0.001)与非正常营养状态显著相关。结论 PD患者营养状况与其疾病本身、运动症状、非运动症状密切相关。     

Factors associated with psychological help-seeking in HIV disease.

The study was aimed at evaluating the psychosocial and psychopathological characteristics of individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection seeking psychological help compared with a sample not seeking help. Two hundred and seventy-one HIV seropositive (HIV+ve) subjects belonging to three transmission categories (90 gay men, 154 intravenous drug users and 27 heterosexuals) who were assessed at their first clinic appointment and offered access to psychological help were studied. Subsequently, it was found that 45 (17%) took advantage of the offer of psychological help, and attended a specialist clinic, while 226 (83%) did not seek help. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to establish the characteristics of subjects who received psychological help. Results showed that five factors identified at the time of first clinic appointment were significantly associated with seeking psychological help subsequently: (1) having a current DSM-III-R Axis I psychiatric diagnosis; (2) being single; (3) belief of being affected by a serious physical illness (negative correlation); (4) higher level of education; and (5) no past or current history of substance misuse. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

Patterns and predictors of treatment seeking after onset of a substance use disorder.

BACKGROUND: We studied survey respondents aged 18 through 54 years to determine consistent predictors of treatment seeking after onset of a DSM-III-R substance use disorder. METHODS: Survey populations included a regional sample in Ontario (n = 6261), a national sample in the United States (n = 5388), and local samples in Fresno, Calif (n = 2874) and Mexico City, Mexico (n = 1734). The analysis examined the effects of demographics, symptoms, and types of substances on treatment seeking. RESULTS: Between 50% (Ontario) and 85% (Fresno) of people with substance use disorders seek treatment but the time lag between onset and treatment seeking averages a decade or more. Consistent predictors of treatment seeking include: (1) late onset of disorder (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-5.6 for late [> or =30 years] vs early [1-15 years] age at first symptom of disorder); (2) recency of cohort (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.3-5.0 for most recent [aged 15-24 years at interview] vs earliest [aged > or =45 years] cohorts); (3) 4 specific dependence symptoms (using larger amounts than intended, unsuccessful attempts to cut down use, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms), with ORs ranging between 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-2.0) and 2.7 (95% CI, 2.1-3.6) for people with vs without these symptoms; and (4) use vs nonuse of cocaine (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.7) and heroin (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-6.0). CONCLUSIONS: Although most people with substance use disorders eventually seek treatment, treatment seeking often occurs a decade or more after the onset of symptoms of disorder. While treatment seeking has increased in recent years, it is not clear whether this is because of increased access, increased demand, increased societal pressures, or other factors.     

农村初中生心理健康状况与父母养育方式的关系分析

目的探讨农村初中生心理健康状况与父母养育方式的关系.方法使用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）对本市下属农村某中学初二学生共325人进行调查.结果男女初中生SCL-90各因子得分均高于国内常模;相关分析表明,SCL-90各因子与EMBU的父母亲严厉惩罚、父亲过分干涉过度保护、父母亲拒绝否认等项呈显著意义的正相关;父母亲温暖理解与SCL-90各因子呈负相关;父亲偏爱与SCL-90中的强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、恐怖及偏执等因子呈显著意义的正相关;母亲偏爱与SCL-90中的人际关系、抑郁、敌对、恐怖和偏执等因子呈显著意义的正相关.结论本市农村初中生的心理健康状况较差,且与父母教养方式有密切关系.     

贵州省少数民族和汉族大学生的心理健康及其个性因素分析

为了解贵州省少数民族地区大学生的心理健康状况及其相关因素，用精神症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）、艾森克个性问卷（ＥＰＱ）、卡特尔１６种人格因素量表（１６ＰＦ）对贵州省７个少数民族及汉族的１５０９名大学生的心理健康进行测试分析。结果显示，７．６０％的少数民族大学生及６．７７％的汉族大学生有心理健康问题。少数民族组ＥＰＱ的Ｅ、Ｌ量表分、１６ＰＦ的Ｃ、Ｇ、Ｈ、Ｑ３因子分高于汉族组，差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示少数民族、汉族大学生在个性特征上有不同之处。影响因素的分析显示，两组的ＳＣＬ－９０总分与ＥＰＱ－Ｎ、ＥＰＱ－Ｐ量表分及１６ＰＦ的各因子分呈正相关，与ＥＰＱ－Ｅ量表分呈负相关。这提示大学生心理健康状况与个性特征、生活事件、民族文化和环境因素等有关。     

胜利油田中学生心理健康状况调查

目的　调查研究胜利油田中学生心理健康状况特点。方法　应用SCL 90作为评定工具抽样调查了 2 2 2名胜利油田中学生。结果　油田中学生敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分显著高于全国青年组常模 ,轻度适应不良反应检出率为男 6 5 .14 % ,女 5 3.10 % ;心理障碍检出率男 2 9.36 % ,女 2 5 .6 6 %。SCL 90抑郁因子分女生显著大于男生 ,未发现SCL 90因子分存在年级间差异。结论　胜利油田中学生心理健康状况较差。     

Perceived need and help-seeking in adults with mood, anxiety, or substance use disorders.

BACKGROUND: A majority of adults with common mental disorders do not seek professional help. To better understand why not, we examined the correlates of various stages of help-seeking, including perceived need for professional help, seeking such help, and from which professionals participants sought help. METHODS: The sample for this study comprised 1792 participants in the National Comorbidity Survey, conducted from 1990-1992, who were diagnosed with a 12-month DSM-III-R mood, anxiety, or substance disorder. In this sample, we assessed correlates of perceived need for professional help, seeking professional help among those with a need, and, among those who did seek professional help, seeking help from mental health professionals. RESULTS: Mood disorders, comorbid mood and anxiety disorders, and mental disorders associated with impairment in role functioning or suicidality were strong predictors of perceived need. Psychopathology was also associated with the decision to seek help from mental health professionals, but not with the decision to seek professional help overall. After controlling for the nature and severity of psychopathology, various sociodemographic and attitudinal factors appeared to be associated with perception of need, help-seeking, and participants' choices of professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Unmet need for mental health care is a serious public health problem. Meeting this need requires expanding our attention beyond psychopathology to various evaluations and decisions that affect help-seeking. Our results suggest the importance of attitude and behavior change strategies in reducing the gap between need and care.     

Help-Seeking Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Mental Health Among Turkish College Students

This study examined the relationship between mental-health-related help-seeking attitudes and behaviors, and psychological symptoms, among Turkish college students. Previous studies showed that stigma, seeking help from friends and family, self-sufficiency, lack of knowledge of resources, and lack of awareness or emotional competence were among the major factors preventing individuals from obtaining professional mental health care. It was hypothesized that fear of stigma would be the dominant factor in avoidance of psychotherapy. The participants were 115 undergraduate students at the Education Faculty of Cukurova University. They answered questions regarding their psychological help-seeking attitudes and behaviors, and completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Symptom Check List-90-R, and the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian Version. The results showed that even though 27-41 percent of the participants experienced psychological difficulties at statistically significant levels, only 13-15 percent of those who needed help had been to psychotherapy. Contrary to expectations, stigma was not a major reason for their avoidance of psychotherapy. Instead, seeking help from friends and family and denial of psychological difficulties were the two most common reasons for not entering psychotherapy. Participants who were unaware of mental health resources (e.g., location of mental health services) were the most depressed. One-quarter of the students were unaware of the uses of group psychotherapy, and 95 percent said they would prefer individual to group psychotherapy if they were to enter psychotherapy. The study found that there is a need for outreach services in Turkey to increase awareness of psychological symptoms and available mental health resources.     

Treatment seeking for obsessive-compulsive disorder: role of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses

Previous research has indicated that individuals afflicted with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have a very low rate of seeking help from mental health professionals. From standardized psychiatric interviews of 7,214 residents of Edmonton, Canada, we identified 172 subjects with a lifetime diagnosis of OCD; 63 (36.6%) had consulted a doctor about their symptoms. Total number of OCD symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.23) and severe obsessions of violence and other unpleasant thoughts (OR = 2.52) were significantly associated with treatment seeking in multivariate analysis. The absence of association between compulsions and treatment seeking was corroborated by a very low prevalence of treatment seeking (17.3%) in individuals suffering from compulsions only. Our findings suggest that there is a need to teach the public about compulsions, and such a strategy may enhance future public health education programs.     

Correlates of generalized anxiety disorder: independent of co-morbidity with depression

Background

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with chronic symptoms and is commonly comorbid with depression.

Objectives

To identify correlates of GAD among adults and to describe treatment patterns and functional limitations among individuals with this disorder.

Methods

Data for 2,082 subjects aged ≥21 years from the first Israeli national health interview survey (INHIS-1) (2003–2004) were analyzed. Information on GAD was collected using the short form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Data were also obtained on socio-demographic, physical health characteristics, history of life threatening events, treatment seeking behaviors, use of medication and functional impairment.

Results

The prevalence of GAD was highest among people aged 40–59 years, in those with asthma, hypertension and in those with osteoporosis. Regular exercise was associated with reduced prevalence for GAD (adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.95). The exclusion of individuals with major depression from analysis strengthened the association with age (adjusted OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.7, 19.7), weakened the association between GAD and osteoporosis (adjusted OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2, 9.8), asthma (adjusted OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2, 9.5) and regular exercise (adjusted OR 0.47 95% CI 0.2, 1.14). In this sub-sample, hypertension was no longer associated with GAD, and a significant association was found between GAD and past experience of life threatening events (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.9). Psychiatric and psychological consultations were low among people with GAD (11.5% and 26.4% for those without and with comorbid depression, respectively), concurrent with a high degree of functional limitation.

Conclusions

Middle age, history of traumatic life events, and certain chronic medical diseases (e.g., asthma and osteoporosis) are important risk factors for GAD. They could be used to help identify and treat people with GAD.