连作西洋参根际真菌群落差异及其在土壤药剂处理后的初步分析

目的:分析连作西洋参根际真菌群落的特点及土壤药剂处理对其的影响,探讨西洋参生长与根际真菌区系的相关性以及西洋参连作障碍的土壤生态机制.方法:采用田间随机区组实验,选择种植过4年以及连续育苗2次每次2年的老参地土壤连作西洋参,另设碳素肥加低毒化学农药及植物源农药对老参地土壤进行消毒处理,调查各处理组西洋参的生长及病害发生情况,同时采用稀释平板法分离根际真菌,以Shannon-Wiener指数(H'),Margalef丰富度指数(Ma)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)作为真菌群落多样性的测度.结果:与未种过参的新地相比,重茬种植的西洋参秋季存苗数、根重均明显降低,根病指数显著升高(P＜0.05),根际真菌数量降低50％ ～ 63％,多样性指数(H')降低39％～43％,群落构成的变化主要表现为青霉属及曲霉属真菌的比例增大.根际土壤真菌的多样性指数与西洋参根病指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.970,P=0.006).碳素肥加低毒化学农药菌线威处理老参地土壤,对提高重茬西洋参的存苗数及根重有较好的效果,一定程度提高根际真菌多样性.结论:重茬西洋参根际真菌数量和多样性降低,群落构成发生变化.碳素肥加菌线威处理对连作西洋参生长具有较好的改善作用.     

Bacillus and microalgae biofertilizers improved quality and biomass of Salvia miltiorrhiza by altering microbial communities

ObjectiveBiofertilizers are reliable alternatives to chemical fertilizers due to various advantages. However, the effect of biofertilizers on Salvia miltiorrhiza yield and quality and the possible mechanisms remain little known. Here, an experiment was conducted in S. miltiorrhiza field treated with two kinds of biofertilizers including Bacillus and microalgae.MethodsA field experiment was conducted on S. miltiorrhiza of one year old. The biofertilizers were applied at six treatments: (i) control check, CK; (ii) microalgae, VZ; (iii) Bacillus, TTB; (iv) microalgae + Bacillus (1:1), VTA; (v) microalgae + Bacillus (0.5:1), VTB; (vi) microalgae + Bacillus (1:0.5), VTC. Here, high-throughput sequencing, ICP-MS and UPLC were employed to systematically characterize changes of microbial diversity and structure composition, heavy metals content and bioactive compounds, respectively.ResultsCompared to CK, root biomass increased by 29.31%?60.39% (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, bioactive compounds were higher than CK after the application of the biofertilizers, peculiarly in TTB and VTB. However, the content of Pb contents in roots significantly reduced by 46.03% and 37.58% respectively in VTC and TTB (P < 0.05). VTA application notably increased the available nitrogen content by 53.03% (P < 0.05), indicating the improvement of soil fertility. Significantly, bacterial and fungal Chao I diversity indices showed an increasing trend with biofertilizer application (P < 0.05), and biofertilizer amendment enriched the rhizosphere soil with beneficial microorganisms that have abilities on promoting plant growth (Achromobacter and Penicillium), adsorbing heavy metal (Achromobacter and Beauveria), controlling plant pathogen (Plectosphaerella, Lechevalieria, Sorangium, Phlebiopsis and Beauveria) and promoting the accumulation of metabolites (Beauveria and Phoma).ConclusionBacillus and microalgae biofertilizers improved the quality and biomass of S. miltiorrhiza by altering microbial communities in soil.     

喀斯特地区树栽与棚栽铁皮石斛中多糖重金属含量比较

目的 分析贵州喀斯特地区仿野生活树附生栽培与大棚栽培铁皮石斛中多糖、5种重金属［铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、砷（As）、铜（Cu）、汞（Hg）］含量差异及相关性。探讨国内主产区铁皮石斛中4种重金属（Pb、Cd、As、Cu）的分布特征,为铁皮石斛品质评价及食用安全性提供参考。方法 采用苯酚-硫酸法测定铁皮石斛中多糖含量;采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定Pb、Cd、As、Cu含量;采用原子荧光光谱法测定Hg含量。查阅国内近10年有关ICP-MS测定铁皮石斛中4种重金属含量的文献报道,对文献中4种重金属含量数据进行整理、分析和归纳。采用SPSS 26.0对数据进行相关性和差异性统计分析。结果 研究区内树栽和棚栽铁皮石斛中多糖质量分数均大于25%,棚栽铁皮石斛中多糖含量显著高于树栽铁皮石斛;棚栽铁皮石斛中Cu含量与多糖含量呈显著正相关;树栽铁皮石斛中Cd含量高于棚栽铁皮石斛。研究区内铁皮石斛中5种重金属及全国主产区铁皮石斛中4种重金属平均含量均在安全限量范围内。结论 活树附生栽培与大棚栽培铁皮石斛中多糖和Cd含量差异有统计学意义。重金属对铁皮石斛的污染风险较低。     

Sterols possess immunomodulatory property: Activity guided isolation and in vitro screening of phytoconstituents of Pongamia glabra and Ficus glomerata

Objective: To isolate the phytoconstituents from the methanolic extracts of the stem bark of Pongamia glabra and Ficus glomerata., characterize spectroscopically and screen for in vitro immunomodulatory activity on human neurophils. Methods: A flavonoid (PGF) and an alkaloidal compound (PGA) from the extract of P. glabra and a steroidal compound (FGS) and tannin fraction (FGT) from the extract of F. glomerata were isolated using column chromatography technique and were subjected for the spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1HNMR and LC-MS) and TLC studies to identify the compounds. The isolated compounds were screened for in vitro immunomodulatory activity on human neutrophils using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye test, phagocytosis of Candida albicans and neutrophil locomotion and chemotaxis assay at the concentration range of 100, 50, 25, 12.50 and 5.00 μg/mL. Results: From the spectroscopic and TLC studies data, the isolated compounds were identified as glabrin (PGA), karanjin (PGF), β-sitosterol (FGS), and tannin fraction (FGT). The isolated compounds PGA, PGF, FGS, and FGT exhibited significant (P < 0.05) in vitro immunomodulatory activity in all the parameters studied. Conclusion: The steroidal compound, i.e. FGS was found to be more immunopotent than all constituents alkaloid, flavonoid and tannins. Hence, these constituents could be attributed to the immunomodulatory property of the plants. Objective: To isolate the phytoconstituents from the methanolic extracts of the stem bark of Pongamia glabra and Ficus glomerata., characterize spectroscopically and screen for in vitro immunomodulatory activity on human neurophils. Methods: A flavonoid (PGF) and an alkaloidal compound (PGA) from the extract of P. glabra and a steroidal compound (FGS) and tannin fraction (FGT) from the extract of F. glomerata were isolated using column chromatography technique and were subjected for the spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1HNMR and LC-MS) and TLC studies to identify the compounds. The isolated compounds were screened for in vitro immunomodulatory activity on human neutrophils using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye test, phagocytosis of Candida albicans and neutrophil locomotion and chemotaxis assay at the concentration range of 100, 50, 25, 12.50 and 5.00 μg/mL. Results: From the spectroscopic and TLC studies data, the isolated compounds were identified as glabrin (PGA), karanjin (PGF), β-sitosterol (FGS), and tannin fraction (FGT). The isolated compounds PGA, PGF, FGS, and FGT exhibited significant (P < 0.05) in vitro immunomodulatory activity in all the parameters studied. Conclusion: The steroidal compound, i.e. FGS was found to be more immunopotent than all constituents alkaloid, flavonoid and tannins. Hence, these constituents could be attributed to the immunomodulatory property of the plants. Objective: To isolate the phytoconstituents from the methanolic extracts of the stem bark of Pongamia glabra and Ficus glomerata., characterize spectroscopically and screen for in vitro immunomodulatory activity on human neurophils. Methods: A flavonoid (PGF) and an alkaloidal compound (PGA) from the extract of P. glabra and a steroidal compound (FGS) and tannin fraction (FGT) from the extract of F. glomerata were isolated using column chromatography technique and were subjected for the spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1HNMR and LC-MS) and TLC studies to identify the compounds. The isolated compounds were screened for in vitro immunomodulatory activity on human neutrophils using nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye test, phagocytosis of Candida albicans and neutrophil locomotion and chemotaxis assay at the concentration range of 100, 50, 25, 12.50 and 5.00 μg/mL. Results: From the spectroscopic and TLC studies data, the isolated compounds were identified as glabrin (PGA), karanjin (PGF), β-sitosterol (FGS), and tannin fraction (FGT). The isolated compounds PGA, PGF, FGS, and FGT exhibited significant (P < 0.05) in vitro immunomodulatory activity in all the parameters studied. Conclusion: The steroidal compound, i.e. FGS was found to be more immunopotent than all constituents alkaloid, flavonoid and tannins. Hence, these constituents could be attributed to the immunomodulatory property of the plants.     

采后晾晒过程中西洋参人参皂苷含量变化规律研究

目的:研究采后晾晒过程中西洋参6种人参皂苷含量变化规律。方法:采用"单株切分"法研究不同干燥方法 (自然晾晒、鼓风干燥和真空冷冻干燥法)和不同自然晾晒方式(整株晾晒和切片晾晒)对西洋参根部脱水速率与人参皂苷类成分含量的影响。动态检测西洋参根含水量,计算脱水速率;利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测西洋参根中人参皂苷(Rg_1、Re、Rb_1、Rd、Rh_1和Rb_2)的含量;运用SPSS 17.0统计软件对实验结果进行单因素方差分析、主成分分析及聚类分析。结果:在"单株切分"法中,自然晾晒过程中西洋参根部脱水速率较慢,所需干燥周期为215.30 h,其人参皂苷类成分含量大幅升高,其中人参皂苷Rb_1、人参皂苷Rd含量均显著高于鼓风干燥法78.98%(P0.05)、85.84%(P0.05),显著高于真空冷冻干燥法30.63%(P0.05)、140.42%(P0.05)。整株晾晒过程中西洋参根部脱水速率缓慢,所需干燥周期为352.79 h,其人参皂苷Rg_1、人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rh1含量较切片晾晒显著提高54.97%(P0.05)、17.27%(P0.05)、22.73%(P0.05)。主成分分析及聚类分析结果表明,以人参皂苷Rg_1、人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rb_1作为主成分因子评价采后干燥处理对西洋参根中人参皂苷类成分积累的影响,真空冷冻干燥、整株晾晒和自然晾晒法聚为一类,鼓风干燥和切片晾晒法聚为一类。结论:在采后晾晒过程中,整株自然晾晒方式有利于提高西洋参根中人参皂苷类成分的含量。     

不同产地不同种类重楼药材重金属元素的含量测定及分析

目的:分析测定不同产地不同种类的重楼药材中的重金属含量,为重楼种植地区的选择和其重金属元素限量标准提供参考。方法:从云南省10个产地收集8种共39份重楼药材样品,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定重楼药材中的重金属砷(As),铜(Cu),汞(Hg),镉(Cd),铅(Pb),铬(Cr)的含量,采用聚类分析,统计分析和主成分分析不同产地和种类对重金属含量累积特征进行分析。结果:六种重金属含量均符合《中医药-中药材重金属限量》ISO国际标准;按《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》限量值标准,As,Cd,Pb的超标率为15. 4%,5. 1%,2. 6%,Cu,Hg均符合相关要求。聚类分析,主成分分析可将样品按产地分为大理和昭通两类,统计分析结果表明产地对重金属含量的影响极显著,不同品种间差异较小。结论:该研究结果表明云南省各产区种植重楼的重金属含量基本符合相关标准,重楼药材的重金属含量差异主要表现为地域差异,为规范化种植重楼药材和其重金属含量限量标准的制定提供了理论依据。     

新型固体吸附技术去除灵芝提取物中重金属的初步研究

目的利用新型固体吸附技术建立一种新的灵芝提取物中去除重金属的处理方法。方法将灵芝提取物加0.5%乙醇水溶液进行溶解,加入10 mol/kg固体吸附剂,室温搅拌吸附15 h,进而采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法和苯酚浓硫酸显色法分别测定吸附处理前后灵芝提取物中5种重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cu)和有效成分灵芝多糖的量。结果经吸附剂处理后的灵芝提取物中重金属量显著降低,Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cu平均去除率分别为73.79%、74.28%、57.73%、76.55%、85.39%,重金属总量去除率达81.68%,达到《中国药典》2010年版标准,灵芝多糖量变化甚小。结论该新型吸附剂去除重金属效果明显且不影响有效成分的量,可被推荐用于去除灵芝提取物中超标重金属。     

几种人参属中药提取物的制备及体外抗卵巢癌活性比较

目的:从人参、西洋参、竹节参、三七这4个人参属中药中提取成分,对其抗卵巢癌活性进行筛选、比较。方法:人参、西洋参、竹节参和三七分别用水和乙醇热回流提取制备相应的水提物和醇提物;上述药材70%乙醇水提取物经大孔树脂柱色谱分别制备得到总皂苷和相应的原人参二醇型皂苷和原人参三醇型皂苷部位。用噻唑蓝(MTT)法对这些提取物和部位在卵巢癌HEY细胞进行活性筛选,并用碘化丙啶(PI)染色检测提取物对细胞周期分布的影响,进一步用免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测了其对细胞周期蛋白表达的影响。划痕实验检测了提取物对细胞迁移能力的影响。结果:各提取物都表现出不同程度地抑制卵巢癌HEY细胞增殖活性,其中西洋原人参二醇型皂苷(PDSPQ)、竹节参总皂苷(TSPJ)、人参醇提物(EEPG)、人参总皂苷(TSPG)、人参原人参二醇型皂苷(PDSPG)对HEY细胞的增殖抑制比较明显,抑制率分别为45.59%,45.78%,50.48%,46.98%,64.36%,PDSPQ,TSPG,PDSPG可以不同程度的下调周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)4,CDK6,细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)的表达,但对细胞迁移能力没有明显影响。结论:含有原人参二醇型皂苷的组分的抗卵巢癌HEY细胞活性比其他部位更明显,其机制可能与下调细胞周期相关蛋白CDK4,CDK6,cyclin D1的表达有关。     

龟甲胶中杂质成分驴皮源、牛皮源和重金属元素的含量分析研究＊

目的 对不同公司五批次龟甲胶样品中的杂质性成分驴皮源、牛皮源和重金属含量进行检测分析。方法 采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法（Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，LC-MS）对龟甲胶中的牛皮源和驴皮源成分进行检测，原子吸收光谱法（Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy，AAS）对重金属汞、砷、铜、镉、铬、铅进行含量检测。结果 湖南A公司的龟甲胶样品中牛皮源和驴皮源的检测结果均为阴性，其他三家公司含有驴皮源或牛皮源成分。用原子吸收法测定各公司龟甲胶样品中重金属的含量，根据进出口绿色行业标准，本实验中的结果显示各样品龟甲胶中的重金属含量均在合格范围内，未见明显超标产品。结论 本文的检测方法简便、专属性强，检测得湖南A公司的龟甲胶不含驴皮源和牛皮源成分，且重金属含量均在要求范围内，表明龟甲胶产品较为优质可靠。     

我国西洋参引种30年后遗传稳定性研究

以人参及加拿大西洋参为对照,对我国14个产地的西洋参的遗传多样性进行分析,以了解我国西洋参引种30年后遗传稳定性是否发生了明显变异。应用了RAPD分子标记技术,POPGEN32数据分析,NTSYS2.10聚类图绘制。结果显示,各产地西洋参遗传多样性丰富,其中13条随机引物共扩增出多态性条带81条,多态性83.51%;有效等位基因数(Ne)1.456 7;Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)0.274 8;Shannon’s多样性信息指数(Ho)0.419 4。聚类分析可知,人参与西洋参分类明显,特别发现无人参生产的地区的西洋参与有人参生产的地区的西洋参可明显各聚一类,认为在遗传上未达到质的变异。因此提出吉林省西洋参要注意建立良种田,以保持种质纯净的建议。     

西洋参PqGA2ox基因的克隆与序列分析

目的 克隆、分析西洋参Panax quinquefolium种子萌发过程的赤霉素2-氧化酶(gibberellin 2-oxidase,GA2ox)基因.方法 从前期由高通量测序得到78 207条unigenes基因的注释信息中挖掘出与赤霉素合成和分解代谢相关的基因序列,得到11条GA2ox基因相关序列,通过序列比对分析确定GA2ox的转录本.根据选定的unigene序列设计引物,采用PCR方法扩增西洋参GA2ox的cDNA全长;利用生物信息学方法分析所得基因,并用实时荧光定量PCR技术进行表达分析.结果 得到一条长度为987 bp,编码328个氨基酸残基的西洋参GA2ox基因,命名为PqGA2ox.生物信息学预测PqGA2ox蛋白不含跨膜区,不含信号肽,具有依赖于2-酮戊二酸和Fe²⁺的双加氧酶超家族的保守结构域.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示在形态休眠中期和生理休眠中期的表达量低于其休眠起始期和解除休眠期.结论 首次获得西洋参种子PqGA2ox基因的编码区序列,为进一步研究西洋参种子解除休眠的分子机制奠定基础.     

西洋参赤霉素20-氧化酶基因的克隆与序列分析

目的对西洋参Panax quinquefolium种子休眠与萌发过程中赤霉素20-氧化酶(GA20ox)基因编码区进行克隆及生物信息学分析。方法根据西洋参种子转录组的注释信息,得到9条GA20ox相关序列,通过比对分析确定了GA20ox的转录本。采用q RT-PCR方法得到西洋参GA20ox(Pq GA20ox)的c DNA全长,并对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测Pq GA20ox基因在根、茎、叶和种子休眠不同时期的表达水平。结果生物信息学分析表明,Pq GA20ox基因全长1 092 bp,编码363个氨基酸残基,Pq GA20ox编码蛋白不含跨膜区,不含信号肽。q RT-PCR实验结果显示Pq GA20ox基因在形态休眠起始期和生理休眠起始期表达量高于其他时期。结论首次获得Pq GA20ox基因的编码区序列,为进一步研究西洋参种子解除休眠的分子机制奠定基础。     

选择性脱除丹参提取液中重金属的吸附剂制备研究

目的以分子筛为主要原料,开发出能选择性脱除丹参提取液中5种重金属的吸附剂。方法从4种原料铁红粉末、快脱粉(活性氧化铝)、13X分子筛原粉、硫化锌粉末中筛选出13X分子筛原粉、活性氧化铝为原料,使用混料均匀试验方法,筛选吸附剂配方。再选用壳聚糖、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为扩孔剂,制备了扩孔型吸附剂。结果经混料均匀试验,可得吸附剂中13X分子筛原料比例处于0.275 6~0.465 5时,对水中5种重金属Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As均有较好脱除效果。将混料设计优选的吸附剂用于脱除丹参提取液中5种重金属,吸附时间4 h,Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As脱除率分别为14.4%、74.5%、54.6%、13.4%、8.8%。而相同组成的扩孔型吸附剂对丹参提取液中5种重金属脱除率有明显提升,Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As的脱除率分别提高至21.0%、91.5%、97.5%、60.3%、46.8%。结论所制备的扩孔型吸附剂,能在较短时间内脱除丹参提取液中5种重金属,具有一定工业应用前景。     

药用植物根结线虫病害及防治策略

根结线虫病害是我国药用植物栽培中的主要病害之一,严重制约了中药产业的可持续发展。该研究介绍了药用植物主要根结线虫病害的类型、鉴定方法及防治策略。综述了形态学和分子生物学的鉴定方法是当前区分根结线虫种类的主要手段;根结线虫病害的防治策略主要包括农业防治、化学防治、物理防治及生物学防治。该研究阐述了根结线虫病害的防治应以建立病害综合防治技术平台为前提,选育优质高产的抗病品种为基础,建立规范化的栽培管理模式为手段的综合体系,从而促进药用植物的可持续发展和环境保护。     

西洋参内生菌株的分离及拮抗活性菌株的筛选和鉴定

目的研究吉林产西洋参内生菌资源状况,筛选出对西洋参病原菌具有拮抗作用的内生菌。方法采用混菌法初筛和发酵液拮抗法复筛来筛选具有拮抗活性的菌株,并用16 S r DNA和ITS方法鉴定筛选得到的内生菌株。结果在西洋参中共分离获得34株内生菌,通过初筛和复筛后,从中选出了6株对西洋参病原菌具有较好拮抗作用的菌株,分别为B3、B11、B17、B23、B24、F10,其中B3对7种病原菌均表现出了抑菌作用,F10对锈腐病菌Cylindrocarpon destructan和黑斑病菌Alternaria panax的抑菌效果最好,其抑菌圈直径均大于35 mm,经鉴定B3和F10分别为芽孢杆菌Bacillus methylotrophicus和暗黄青霉Penicillium citreonigrum。结论西洋参内生菌具有多样性,并有拮抗活性高的菌株存在,可以成为西洋参病害生防菌的新来源。     

我国47种中药材中重金属含量分析与数据挖掘

目的：分析中药材中重金属的富集特征,预测不同中药材入药部位重金属的含量,为进一步解析中药材重金属富集机制及制定相关标准提供依据。方法：从1998—2023年发表的238篇文献中筛选出47种中药材,采用R语言和Python进行数据预处理、单变量和多变量分析,对5种重金属含量进行数据挖掘。依据国际标准化组织（ISO）国际标准《中医药-中药材重金属限量》评估铅、汞、砷、镉含量,并参考《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》对铜含量进行评估,采用随机森林回归模型预测不同入药部位的5种重金属含量。结果：47种中药材中重金属含量为铜>铅>汞>砷>镉,超标率为铜>镉>汞>砷>铅。入药部位为干燥地上部分、干燥菌核、干燥果穗和干燥树皮的中药材中重金属超标情况较为严重。除北京、重庆、广西、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和新疆的中药材中未发现重金属超标外,全国其他地区均存在中药材中重金属超标现象。随机森林回归模型在预测不同入药部位镉、汞和砷含量时显示出较高的准确性。结论：中药材中重金属污染使中医药产业发展存在潜在风险,需要加强对中药材中重金属富集机制的研究。机器学习技术在中药...     

离子辐射选育当归新品种安全性评价

目的对离子辐射选育当归新品种进行安全性评价。方法采用气相色谱法测定有机氯类农药残留量;电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定Pb、Cd、Cu含量;测汞仪测定Hg含量;原子荧光法测定As含量。以总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、重金属及有害元素含量为指标,利用灰色关联度法,结合小鼠急性毒性实验,对样品安全性进行综合评价。结果辐射选育当归新品种岷归3号、岷归4号药材中有机氯类农药残留量、重金属和有害元素含量符合《中华人民共和国药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》规定。灰色关联度法对样品安全性进行综合评价表明,岷归3号、岷归4号整体安全性优于其他样品。当归不同部位对重金属及有害元素的富集程度不同,归头对重金属Pb、Cd、Cu的富集程度较高,归尾对重金属As、Hg的富集程度较高,归身对重金属的富集程度相对较低。小鼠急性毒性实验未测得ig给药小鼠半数致死量(LD50),而小鼠对其最大耐受量为120 g/kg,相当于临床成人(60 kg)最大用量的480倍。结论当归辐射选育品种药材无明显毒性,临床常用量安全可行。     

西洋参茎叶总皂苷中分离纯化拟人参皂苷F11工艺

目的:优选从西洋参茎叶总皂苷中分离纯化拟人参皂苷F11的最佳工艺.方法:以拟人参皂苷F11(PF11)提取率为指标,建立HPLC-ELSD检测PF11的方法,并优选AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化西洋参茎叶总皂苷中PF11的工艺.结果:最佳工艺为西洋参茎叶总皂苷过10倍量AB-8大孔吸附树脂柱,流速5 mL·min-1,依次用7.5 BV 30％～33％乙醇,8 BV 35％～40％乙醇进行洗脱,收集35％～40％乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,蒸千,得PF11粗品纯度＞50.0％.结论:大孔吸附树脂分离拟人参皂苷F11方法简单、快速、可行.     

西洋参总皂苷的分离纯化工艺

目的:研究大孔吸附树脂法纯化西洋参总皂苷的工艺条件及参数.方法:以西洋参总皂苷含量为指标,考察上样液质量浓度、洗脱溶媒及其用量、除杂溶媒及其用量等条件,优选大孔树脂纯化工艺条件.结果:西洋参总皂苷最佳纯化工艺为0.8 BV上样液(0.5 g·mL-1)通过HPD-300大孔树脂,4 BV水洗,3 BV 10％乙醇洗脱,5 BV 70％乙醇洗脱,收集70％乙醇洗脱液,以人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1和人参皂苷Re计总皂苷纯度为50.83％.结论:采用该优选方法可较好地分离、纯化西洋参总皂苷.     

Comparative study on the efficacy of Garcinia kola in reducing some heavy metal accumulation in liver of Wistar rats

Garcinia kola is regarded as an antidote and anti-hepatotoxic agent. We examined its protection ability against mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the liver. The ground seed was mixed with rat feed (5%, w/w) and fed to rats while Hg (10 ppm), Cd (200 ppm) and Pb (100 ppm) was given in drinking water. Garcinia kola was administered either at the same time with the metals (group 2), a week after exposure to heavy metals (group 3) or given a week before heavy metal exposure (group 4) for six weeks. The heavy metal accumulations in the liver were determined using AAS. Garcinia kola could not reverse the weight reduction in the heavy metal exposed groups although it offers more protection and aid greater elimination of heavy metals from the liver. There was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in protection by Garcinia kola to Cd (72.4%) and Pb (56.2%) accumulation when compared to Hg (40%) at week 2 which was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased at week 4 when compared to week 2. At week 6, the percentage protection to both Hg (64.2%) and Cd (62.2%) were comparable to each other while protection to Pb (49.9%) accumulation was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced. The percentage protection was time-dependent in some groups but treatment during and after the exposure provided a greater protection. Garcinia kola has the highest hepatoproctive effect to Cd followed by Hg and least protection against Pb toxicity in rats and its administration is beneficial in reducing heavy metal accumulation in the liver.