不典型婴儿促纤维增生性神经节细胞胶质瘤1例

患儿男,3岁,因"右面部撞伤致鼻出血"就诊,当地医院颅脑CT示左额叶占位,疑诊脑膜瘤;1年前患手足口病,现已治愈,否认家族遗传病史.入院查体及实验室检查均未见明显异常.头颅M RI:左额叶2. 9 cm × 2. 5 cm × 3. 2 cm类圆形不均匀异常信号,以 T1WI、T2WI等信号为主(图1A、1B) ,边界...     

MRI诊断胫骨血管瘤1例

患者女,43岁。左小腿反复胀痛1个月。1个月前无明显诱因左小腿胀痛,与行走无关,无夜间痛、无活动障碍,且反复发作。曾有左踝扭伤史。体检及专科检查未见异常。X线平片:左胫骨中段骨髓腔见长椭圆形稍低密度区,边缘锐利,未见硬化缘。CT检查:左胫骨中段骨髓腔见一3.0cm×1.5cm大小软组织密度影,密度均匀,边界光整,邻近骨皮质受压变薄,呈弧形压迹(图1)。MR检查:左胫骨中段骨髓腔内见1.2cm×1.2cm×3.5cm大小异常信号,T1WI呈与肌肉类似低信号(图2),T2WI呈明显高信号,其内见不规则线状低信号(图3),边界清楚;增强T1WI病变明显持续不均匀强化(…     

腰椎管内硬脊膜下神经束膜瘤1例

患者男,76岁,左下肢疼痛、麻木2个月;既往无特殊病史.查体:左下肢远端肌力2级、近端肌力5级,痛温觉减退.实验室检查未见明显异常.腰椎 M RI:L4 椎管内见 1. 9 cm × 1.3 cm × 1.0 cm结节状肿物,边界较清,呈 T1WI等、T2WI高信号,其内可见不规则T2WI低信号(图1A );增强扫描肿...     

骨硬纤维瘤1例

患儿男,10岁,因左大腿下段疼痛,功能受限9天入院.体检:左股骨内上髁处压痛明显,膝关节活动受限,伸屈范围为0~90°.X线检查:左股骨远侧干骺端偏后内有一类圆形密度减低区,边缘清楚,周围可见一硬化缘,2.5 cm×3.0 cm大小,邻近骨皮质未见明显改变,无骨膜反应及软组织肿胀)图1).MRI见左侧股骨远侧干骺端后内有一大小1.0 cm×3.3 cm×3.5 cm半球状异常信号影,与长骨方向一致、略呈纵向生长,T1WI为近似肌肉的低信号影,周边可见更低信号影围绕,T2WI为等高混杂信号影,增强扫描病灶稍不均匀中等强化,周边低信号影不强化)图2~4).术后病理诊断:硬纤维瘤.     

脑干、丘脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤1例

患者男,23岁。8年前发现脑干占位病变,间断性头疼,加重20余天而就诊。查体:神清语明,视力正常,双眼瞳孔左∶右=3.0∶3.0,对光反射灵敏,双眼上视受限,面纹对称,伸舌居中,右侧肢体活动协调性差,肌力Ⅳ级,右巴彬斯基氏征( )。CT平扫表现(图1):脑干、左侧丘脑部见不规则高低混杂密度影,以低密度及等密度为主,其内见斑点、斑片高密度钙化,脑干及三脑室受压,幕上脑室轻度扩张,中线结构无移位。MRI平扫及增强表现(图2~6):大脑角左侧及丘脑见一不规则异常信号影,T1WI呈低、等、高混杂信号影,T2WI呈低、高信号影。大小为5cm×3.0cm×3.0cm,脑干…     

乳腺MRI诊断左前胸壁低度恶性肌成纤维细胞性肉瘤1例

<正>女,33岁,发现“左乳肿块”伴左前胸壁针刺样疼痛4月余、月经时加重;既往体健。查体:于左乳区触及6.0 cm×4.0cm×6.0cm肿物,质硬,活动度差,有轻压痛;左乳外上象限皮肤呈“酒窝征”。乳腺MRI:左侧胸大肌内4.1cm×2.5cm×4.9cm不规则肿块,脂肪抑制T1WI和T2WI分别呈等及稍高信号(图1A)、弥散加权成像(diffusion weightedimaging,DWI)(b=1000s/mm2)呈高信号(图1B)、     

蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤颅外侵及1例

患者女,48岁,头痛、头晕2年,阵发性发作,疼痛以左颞部为著;偶有恶心呕吐,复视1.5年,伴右侧肢体活动无力,记忆力下降.查体:左眼球突出,左眼视力0.3.MRI:平扫左侧颞部颅骨内板下脑组织外见4.1 cm×3.6 cm×4.6 cm类圆形病变,T1WI等信号,T2WI等稍高信号,信号尚均匀,边缘欠清,周边可见大片水肿带.左侧颞骨、蝶骨、左眼眶外侧壁明显增厚,信号不均匀,颅骨外侧软组织内亦可见不规则形类似信号(图1A、B).     

立体定向活检手术联合MR波谱诊断颅内多发胶质瘤1例

1病例报告患者男,64岁。因头痛20日入院。头部MRI平扫及增强片示:左侧额叶、右侧侧脑室后角区可见类圆形长、等T1,长、等T2混杂异常信号,边界不清,周围可见片状水肿信号。增强扫描各病灶均见不均匀强化及边缘环形强化,左侧额叶可见片状T1WI无强化低信号带,右侧侧脑室后角受压(图1)。头部磁共振波谱成像示:左侧额叶T2高信号病灶N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)峰值明显降低,胆     

术后读片:小腿肿物一例

<正>病例资料男,22岁,左下肢肿痛2月余,发现肿块20d,无发热。体检于左胫前可触及软组织肿块,约2cm×5cm,有压痛,局部皮温不高。图1平片;图2T_1WI轴位;图3T_1WI增强轴位;图4T_1WI冠状位;图5T_2WI冠状位脂肪抑制(邓怀福)。分析1:X线片示左胫骨近段虫蚀状骨质破坏,边界不清,局部可见轻度骨质增生硬化。MRI示双股骨远端及胫腓骨中上段骨髓信号普遍异常,T_1WI信号普遍减低,与肌肉相比呈等或稍高信号;在脂肪抑制T_2WI见双胫骨中上段髓内不均匀高信号,左侧为著,且异常信号穿破部分骨皮质形成软组织肿块,伴     

鼻腔孤立性纤维瘤/血管外皮细胞瘤1例

患者女,48岁,以“左侧鼻塞伴间歇性头痛,左眼突出1年”入院。查体:左眼球轻度突出,活动可,鼻中隔明显右偏,左鼻腔见粉红色新生物,质中,表面尚光滑。CT:左鼻腔见约5.60 cm×6.80 cm×4.90 cm不规则软组织肿块,CT值约60 HU,呈膨胀性生长,边界欠清,双侧上颌骨、眼眶内壁、筛骨及蝶骨骨质受压推移、吸收变薄,并见局部骨质破坏(图1A),增强后病灶不均匀强化;CTA可见供血动脉为左侧上颌窦动脉(图1B);诊断为左侧鼻腔及副鼻窦巨大占位,考虑肉瘤类病变。MRI:左鼻腔见不规则分叶状软组织信号,最大直径约7.40 cm,T1WI呈不均匀低信号,T2WI病灶前半部分为稍高信号、后半部分为低信号(图1C),DWI呈不均匀高信号,邻近眶壁及斜坡骨质明显破坏;诊断为左侧鼻腔及副鼻窦巨大肿块,邻近骨质明显破坏并侵犯颅内,考虑富含纤维的恶性肿瘤。行鼻内窥镜下鼻内病损切除术。术后病理诊断:(鼻腔)孤立性纤维瘤/血管外皮细胞瘤(solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma,SFT/HPC)(图1D)。免疫组织化学:CD34(+),Bcl-2(+),Vimentin(+),SMA(灶+),Ki-67(约4%+)。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.