食管癌流行病学研究的重要里程碑

食管癌居世界癌症死因顺位的第6位。2012年全球约有45.6万食管癌新发病例和40万死亡病例,其中发展中国家的发病和死亡病例均占全球的80%以上［1］。我国食管癌发病和死亡病例均约占全球的50%,占发展中国家的60%。尤其是在卫生资源欠缺的中西部农村高发区,食管癌仍是当地居民的主要疾病负担［2-3］。     

《中国肿瘤临床》文章推荐:食管癌高发区山东省肥城市2006年至2016年食管癌前病变转归情况分析

中国国家癌症中心数据显示,2015年中国新发食管癌病例约24.6万例,死亡约18.8万例,发病率和死亡率均高于全球平均水平。中国食管癌病例约95%为食管鳞癌,其5年生存率男、女分别为5.88%、6.23%。研究证实食管异型增生是食管癌的重要癌前病变,且随着癌前病变等级的升高其发生癌变的风险也随之升高,对食管癌进行早期筛查和诊断是提高患者生存率的重要措施。山东省肥城市是中国食管癌高发区之一。     

食管癌手术方式的研究进展

<正>根据国际癌症研究署(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)2008年世界癌症发病与死亡报告(Globocan 2008)的估计,全世界食管癌发病约48万例,中国有25.92万例,占全部病例的53.82%;同一时期全世界死亡约40.7万例,中国占21.11万例,占全部死亡的51.92%[1]。在全球范围内,食管癌的发病和死亡仅次于肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和肝癌,位居第5位,是对人类健康     

食管癌高危人群的预防与控制研究进展

食管癌是人类常见的消化道恶性肿瘤 ,位于全球肿瘤发病的第八位 ,肿瘤死亡的第四位。全世界每年约有 48万 (1 996 )人发生食管癌 ,占总癌新发生病例的 4.6 %;死亡 45 .6万人 ,占总癌死亡病例的6 .4%。食管癌主要流行地区是不发达国家 ,我国是食管癌高发地区 ,食管癌位居肿瘤死亡的第四位。世界年龄调整死亡率中国最高 ,男性 2 7.73 /1 0万 ,女性 1 3 .6 3 /1 0万 ,合计 2 0 .40 /1 0万。食管癌受累地区遍及大江南北十余个省市 ,覆盖人口近两亿 ,高发区人口大约为九千万 ,严重威胁着人民的生命和健康。研究表明 ,食管癌的发生发展是一个多因…     

打开生命的关口，远离“难以下咽”之痛--浅谈食管癌的预防

食管癌流行概况 食管癌是一种发生在食管上皮组织的恶性肿瘤,也是常见的消化道肿瘤之一。2012年,全球食管癌新增病例45.6万人,约占全部恶性肿瘤新发病例的3.2%;同时,全球因食管癌死亡的人数达40万,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的4.9%。食管癌好发于45岁以上的中老年人;男性发病率约是女性的2.4倍;食管癌还是“穷癌”的一种,全球约80%的食管癌病例发生在欠发达国家和地区。     

食管癌综合治疗的研究进展

食管癌是人类常见的恶性肿瘤,全世界每年约有48万新发病例,其发病率占全部恶性肿瘤的第8位.我国是食管癌的高发区,每年平均死亡15万人,近年其死亡率与1976年相比有下降的趋势,但仍占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的第4位.     

肿瘤生物信息数据库(1)

前言 恶性肿瘤是以细胞异常增殖及转移为特点的一大类疾病,其发病与有害环境因素、不良生活方式及遗传易感性密切相关.2000年全球新发恶性肿瘤病例约1000万,死亡620万,现患病例2200万.预计2020年恶性肿瘤新发病例将达到1500万,死亡1000万,现患病例3000万.恶性肿瘤正在成为新世纪人类的第一杀手.     

上消化道恶性肿瘤流行病学趋势

GLOBOCAN 2012显示,全球约有140万上消化道恶性肿瘤（食管癌和胃癌）新发病例,位于肺癌和乳腺癌之后;死亡约112万人,仅次于肺癌。全球74.36%的上消化道恶性肿瘤新发病例发生在欠发达地区,其中中国上消化道恶性肿瘤新发病例占全球的44.60%。全球上消化道恶性肿瘤发病、死亡率随年龄的增加而增长,且男性高于女性,欠发达地区高于发达地区。本文以最新数据就全球上消化道恶性肿瘤（食管癌和胃癌）的流行病学趋势作一综述,为上消化道恶性肿瘤的防治提供病因依据和理论支持。     

中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(2004-2010)

一、背景 (一)癌症正在成为人类第一杀手 癌症是以细胞异常增殖及转移为特点的一大类疾病,其发病与有害环境因素、不良生活方式及遗传易感性密切相关.2000年全球新发癌症病例约1000万,死亡620万,现患病例2200万.预计2020年癌症新发病例将达到1500万,死亡1000万,现患病例3000万.癌症正在成为新世纪人类的第一杀手.     

食管癌药物治疗的前景困难及对策

我国是世界上食管癌发病率和死亡率最高的国家之一,食管癌患者数量约占全球的50%.在消化道恶性肿瘤中,食管癌比较独特,有两种不同的组织学类型--鳞癌(占90%)和腺癌(占3.8%～8.8%).目前,我国基本上查清了食管癌的发病、死亡及分布状况,并长期坚持在食管癌高发现场开展流行病学、病因学、发病学的多学科研究及预防实践,取得了一系列成果,特别是在早期诊断与治疗方面居国际领先地位.     

PCOS and obesity: insulin resistance might be a common etiology for the development of type I endometrial carcinoma

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in women and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Estrogenic stimulation significantly increases endometrial cell proliferation, and both insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are associated with the development of EC in women. It has long been known that insulin resistance occurs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and/or obesity, but one important unanswered question is whether the insulin resistance associated with PCOS and obesity is part of the etiology of the initiation and development of EC. Therefore, research efforts to understand the common and specific underlying endometrial responses to insulin resistance in women with PCOS and obesity could provide further therapeutic options for early endometrial carcinoma.     

食管癌免疫治疗研究进展

食管癌(Esophageal cancer,EC)是一种具有高度侵袭性且预后较差的恶性肿瘤,2018年全球食管癌发病率居第7位,死亡率居第6位.中国食管癌新发病例占全球新发病例的54.1％,死亡病例占全球死亡病例的56％.目前,食管癌的标准治疗方案包括手术、放疗和化疗,尽管使用了多学科疗法,食管癌患者的预后仍不理想,5...     

Role of human papillomaviruses in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal cancer (EC) is responsible for almost half a million deaths worldwide annually and has a multifactorial etiology, which may account for its geographical variation in incidence. In the last 30 years the potential of human papillomaviruses (HPV) as oncogenes or co‐factors in the tumorigenic process of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been widely studied. While the etiology of HPV in cervical and certain other anogenital and aerodigestive cancers has been established, results regarding its role in EC have been largely inconclusive. A causal association can be evaluated only with a case‐control study, where normal controls are compared to ESCC cases for the presence of HPV. We reviewed all studies investigating ESCC tissue for HPV DNA and identified 139 that met our inclusion criteria, of which only 22 were case‐control studies. Our results support previous findings of higher levels of HPV detection in high‐risk ESCC regions than in areas of low risk. In addition, we confirm that the role of HPV in ESCC remains unclear, despite an accumulation of studies on the subject. The variations in investigative technique, study design and sample types tested may account for the lack of consistency in results. There is a need for a meta‐analysis of all case‐control studies to date, and for large, well‐designed case‐control studies with adequate power to investigate the association. The potential benefits of prophylactic HPV vaccines could be evaluated if HPV is identified as an etiological factor in EC, highlighting the need for further research in this area.     

Ⅳ期原发性肺癌中国治疗指南(2020年版)

原发性肺癌是中国发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,2015年中国肺癌新发病例约78.7万例,死亡病例约63.1万例。由于侵袭性高,且缺乏有效的早期发现手段,导致中国大部分肺癌患者就诊时已是Ⅳ期。化疗是治疗Ⅳ期肺癌的基石,但疗效不佳。近年来,随着分子靶向治疗、免疫治疗的飞速发展,Ⅳ期肺癌的治疗理念在不断发生变化,患者的生存也得到了很大改善。为了及时反映国内外Ⅳ期肺癌治疗的新进展,进一步提高中国Ⅳ期肺癌的规范化诊疗水平,中国医师协会肿瘤医师分会组织专家制定了《Ⅳ期原发性肺癌中国治疗指南(2020年版)》。     

Ⅳ期原发性肺癌中国治疗指南(2021年版)

原发性肺癌是中国发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,2015年中国肺癌新发病例约78.7万例,死亡病例约63.1万例。由于侵袭性高,且缺乏有效的早期发现手段,导致中国大部分肺癌患者就诊时已是Ⅳ期。化疗是治疗Ⅳ期肺癌的基石,但疗效不佳。近年来,随着分子靶向治疗、免疫治疗的飞速发展,Ⅳ期肺癌的治疗理念在不断发生变化,患者的生存也得到了很大改善。为了及时反映国内外Ⅳ期肺癌治疗的新进展,进一步提高中国Ⅳ期肺癌的规范化诊疗水平,中国医师协会肿瘤医师分会和中国医疗保健国际交流促进会肿瘤内科分会组织专家制定了《Ⅳ期原发性肺癌中国治疗指南(2021年版)》。     

女性乳腺癌流行病学趋势及危险因素研究进展

乳腺癌是全球女性最常见的癌症,也是女性癌症死亡的主要原因。2018年全球新确诊女性乳腺癌病例约209万,死亡人数约63万。世界各地区乳腺癌发病率各不相同,但均呈上升趋势。虽然中国女性乳腺癌发病率（36.1/10⁵）和死亡率（8.8/10⁵）在世界范围内相对较低,但是中国女性乳腺癌发病人数及死亡人数均居世界首位,而且近年来中国女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势。乳腺癌是多因素共同作用的疾病,主要包括遗传因素、环境因素以及行为生活方式因素等。本综述旨在探讨世界范围内乳腺癌的流行病学、相关危险因素等,以期了解乳腺癌的流行现状,为乳腺癌的预防干预和早期发现提供帮助。     

Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal cancer in China

In China, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranked fourth and fifth in the highest incidence and mortality rates of all malignancies in 2018, respectively. Although these rates are below the world average, China placed first worldwide in the number of new CRC cases and CRC-related deaths because of its comparatively large population. This disease represents a threat to the health of population and incurs a heavy economic burden on the society and individuals. CRC has various risk factors, including age, sex, lifestyle, genetic factors, obesity, diabetes, gut microbiota status, and precancerous lesions. Furthermore, incidence and mortality rates of CRC are closely related to socioeconomic development levels, varying according to regional and population characteristics. Prevention is the main strategy to reduce incidence and mortality rates of CRC. This can be achieved through strategies stimulating lifestyle changes, healthy diet habits, and early screening for high-risk individuals. To reduce the burden of CRC, public health officials should promote prevention and management of modifiable risk factors through national policies. The rising incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China may be timely curbed by clarifying specific epidemiological characteristics, optimizing early screening strategies, and strictly implementing diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Thus, this study aimed to collect and report the current research status on epidemiology and risk factors of CRC in China.     

中国胰腺癌流行病学、危险因素及筛查现况

胰腺癌是全球最致命的肿瘤之一,2020年全球肿瘤登记数据显示,胰腺癌发病率位居全球肿瘤发病率的第12位,但死亡率却高居恶性肿瘤死亡第7位,其发展迅速,预后极差,5年生存率极低。我国的胰腺癌疾病负担与西方国家存在较大差异,说明遗传因素、生活方式和环境等危险因素在地区间的分布有所不同。本研究回顾了中国胰腺癌的流行病学、病因研究及筛查现况,为制定适合我国的胰腺癌防治策略和措施提供系统参考。     

Molecular-targeted therapies for ovarian cancer: prospects for the future

Ovarian cancer accounts for approximately 4?% of cancer deaths in women worldwide, with around 225,000 estimated new cases diagnosed each year and 140,000 related deaths. Prompt diagnosis is challenging because of the non-specific symptoms exhibited during the early stages of the disease; consequently, 50?% of cases present with advanced metastatic cancer, and 5-year survival rates are limited to 10–30?%. Furthermore, disease recurrence occurs in a high proportion of cases, and the survival rate is only 30?% even in patients who are sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy. This review describes the increased characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of ovarian cancer, and how this has resulted in improved therapeutic strategies with molecular-targeted agents. These include targeting BRCA mutations to affect DNA repair, inhibition of the mTOR and MAPK pathways, and anti-angiogenesis therapies. Ultimately, personalized therapy using novel biomarkers in parallel with improved early detection techniques could significantly enhance the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.