术中体温保护对老年前列腺气化电切手术患者术后早期认知功能及血清脑损伤标志物的影响

目的 探讨术中体温保护对老年患者前列腺气化电切手术（TURP）后早期认知功能障碍（POCD）及脑损伤标志物的影响。方法 选择2017年2月至2017年9月河南科技大学第一附属医院行TURP老年患者60例,采用随机数字表法将其分为常温组（对照组）和体温保护组（观察组）,每组各30例。对照组患者术中给予棉被覆盖非手术区域,静脉输注液和电切冲洗液为室温液,观察组患者给予电热风加温毯覆盖非手术区域,静脉输注液和电切冲洗液为38℃加温液。术前1天（D1）、术后第1天（D2）、术后第3天（D3）采用简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）进行神经精神功能测定,同时检测患者脑损伤标志物（MBP、NSE和S-100β蛋白）水平,比较两组患者术后各时间点POCD发病率,及MBP、NSE和S-100β蛋白水平变化。结果 在术后D2、D3时间点对照组患者POCD发病率分别为26.67%、6.67%,均较观察组POCD发病率6.67%、0高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在D1时间点,两组患者血清MBP、NSE和S-100β蛋白水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;D2、D3时,观察组患者血清MBP、NSE和S-100β蛋白均较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 术中体温保护可有效降低老年患者TURP术后POCD的发病率,降低脑损伤特异性血清标志物MBP、NSE、S-100β蛋白水平,是一种有效的防治POCD的保护措施。     

针刺麻醉对老年直肠癌根治术患者术后认知功能和血清S100β、MMP-9、BDNF蛋白水平的影响

目的 观察针刺麻醉对老年直肠癌根治术患者术后认知功能及血清S100β、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、脑源性神经生长因子（BDNF）水平的影响。方法 将90例行直肠癌根治术的老年患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组45例。两组均采取全凭静脉麻醉,观察组于麻醉诱导前30 min开始予以针刺麻醉并持续至术毕。比较两组术中全身麻醉药物用量及术后不同时间点简易精神状态量表（MMSE）评分,统计两组术后7 d认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率,并于手术前后行血清S100β、MMP-9、BDNF检测。结果 两组术中维库溴铵、丙泊酚用量比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而观察组瑞芬太尼用量明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。术后1 d、3 d、7 d,观察组MMSE评分均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。术后7 d内,观察组患者POCD发生率为11.11%,明显低于对照组的31.11%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后血清S100β、MMP-9水平相比术前均明显上升（P<0.05）,血清BDNF水平相比术前明显降低（P<0.05）,但观察组上述指标的变化幅度小于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 针刺麻醉能够改善老年直肠癌根治术患者的认知功能,降低POCD发生率,其机制可能与降低血清S100β、MMP-9水平及升高血清BDNF水平有关。     

盐酸肾上腺素在老年性上睑下垂手术中的应用研究

目的 探索盐酸肾上腺素与利多卡因混合麻醉在老年性上睑下垂手术中的应用。方法 采用随机对照临床研究方法,选取2016年1月至6月陆军军医大学第三附属医院眼科收治的老年性上睑下垂患者90例（180眼）,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用混合有盐酸肾上腺素的利多卡因进行皮下浸润麻醉,对照组采用利多卡因药物进行皮下浸润麻醉。观察两组患者术中心率、血压、出血量、视野清晰度、手术时间、术后切口状态、角膜和愈后等情况。结果 ①老年性上睑下垂患者的收缩压：实验组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;舒张压和心率两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;②老年性上睑下垂患者的手术时间、麻醉时间、出血量、视野清晰度、眼睑淤血、术后1周伤口愈合情况实验组优于对照组（P<0.05）;③患者术后切口敷料有无渗血及渗液、角膜情况,实验组与对照组无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论 混合盐酸肾上腺素的麻醉对患者舒张压、心率影响较小,可减少老年性上睑下垂患者术中出血量、保证术中视野的清晰度,能有效减轻术后眼睑淤血,利于术后伤口恢复。     

手术时机对脊柱转移癌减压术患者神经功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨不同手术时机的选择对脊柱转移癌减压术患者神经功能恢复的影响。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年12月安徽省肿瘤医院手术治疗的111例脊柱转移癌患者的资料,根据是否急诊行脊柱减压术,将患者分为急诊组（54例）和观察组（57例）,比较两组患者不同时间神经功能评分[采用美国脊柱损伤协会（ASIA）神经功能评分]和术后并发症发生率。结果 与术前相比,两组患者术后第1天ASIA评分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,随时间推移数值均有上升趋势,不同时间点ASIA评分差异也均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,不同手术时机和时间对ASIA评分无交互作用（P>0.05）,组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。急诊组患者术后低蛋白血症和切口感染发生率高于观察组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 手术时机不影响脊柱转移癌减压术患者神经功能的恢复情况。     

康复新液联合利多卡因及庆大霉素治疗口腔溃疡的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨康复新液联合利多卡因及庆大霉素治疗口腔溃疡的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年5月至2021年7月在北京市通州区妇幼保健院收治的120例口腔溃疡患者,按照随机表法分为观察组和对照组,对照组58例采用利多卡因治疗,观察组62例采用康复新液联合利多卡因及庆大霉素治疗,观察对比两组治疗前后的临床疗效,包括口腔溃疡情况、治疗3 d、治疗5 d后视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）、炎症因子水平及不良反应等。结果 治疗后观察组总有效率（95.12%）高于对照组总有效率（74.36%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;溃疡面积、溃疡愈合时间、进食改善时间显著短于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组治疗3 d、5 d后VAS评分、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、细胞白介素-6（IL-6）水平均较对照组显著降低（P<0.05）;观察组不良反应发生率（3.22%）与对照组不良反应发生率（6.90%）相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 康复新液联合利多卡因及庆大霉素治疗口腔溃疡的疗效更好,能有效改善患者各项临床症状,降低患者疼痛感,降低炎症因子水平,有助于患者恢复,并且安全性高。     

术中低血压与血压波动对老年患者术后认知功能的影响

目的 研究老年患者在非心脏手术过程中，血压变化对术后认知功能障碍（POCD）的影响。方法 选择2014年9月至2015年9月在安徽省立医院接受非心脏手术的74例老年患者，按照术中血压变化情况分为低血压组、血压波动组和正常血压组，分析3组患者麻醉时间、手术时间、术中血压情况等。术前、术后第1天、第3天采用简易精神状态量表（MMSE）对患者进行POCD评定。结果 3组患者麻醉时间、手术时间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。血压波动组患者术后第1天MMSE评分显著低于术前，且显著低于正常血压组和低血压组术后第1天MMSE评分，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），术后第3天MMSE评分结果基本恢复术前水平。结论 术中血压波动与POCD的发生存在一定联系，而术中低血压与POCD无关。     

围手术期健康教育路径对髋关节置换术患者早期功能锻炼依从性影响

目的 探讨围手术期健康教育路径对髋关节置换术患者早期功能锻炼依从性的影响。方法 选取2015年11月至2017年4月在淮南市第一人民医院行髋关节置换术患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组30例。对照组围手术期采用骨科一般护理常规,观察组围手术期采用专病规范化设计的健康教育路径,比较两组患者术后早期功能锻炼依从性及术后第2天、第7天及术后1个月髋关节康复水平。结果 观察组患者术后早期功能锻炼依从性优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者术后第2天的Harris评分、牛津大学髋关节（OHS）评分差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后第7天的Harris评分、OHS评分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,术后1个月的OHS评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 髋关节置换术患者围手术期采用规范化健康教育路径,能加强患者及家属对疾病的认识,提高患者早期功能锻炼依从性,促进关节功能恢复,能够减少术后卧床并发症发生率,值得临床推广。     

Teach-back健康教育在人工髋关节置换术患者围手术期的应用

目的 探讨Teach-back健康教育在人工髋关节置换术患者围手术期应用的效果。方法 选取庐江县中医院2018年1月至2018年7月收治的38例人工髋关节置换术患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,每组各19例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在对照组基础上进行Teach-back健康教育干预。观察两组患者术后24小时、48小时疼痛程度,围手术期功能锻炼依从性,术后并发症情况及患者满意度。结果 试验组患者术后24小时、48小时疼痛程度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组患者术前24小时、术后48小时及术后96 h功能锻炼依从性高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者压疮、深静脉血栓形成、肺部感染、假体脱位等并发症发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;试验组患者满意度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 Teach-back健康教育应用于人工髋关节置换术患者围手术期,可有效降低患者疼痛程度、提高患者功能锻炼依从性和满意度。     

腹横肌平面阻滞镇痛对腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者早期恢复质量的影响

目的 观察腹横肌平面阻滞镇痛对腹腔镜结肠癌根治术患者早期恢复质量的影响。方法 收集河南省平顶山市第二人民医院2015年2月至2016年2月收治的腹部手术患者90例,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组45例。对照组行静脉吗啡镇痛,试验组行腹横肌平面阻滞联合静脉吗啡镇痛,比较两组患者不同时间点的视觉模拟评分（VAS）、早期恢复质量指标、镇痛满意度及不良反应情况。结果 试验组术后6 小时、12小时、24小时的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组进饮时间、排气时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组24 h吗啡总用量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组总满意度（95.56%）高于对照组（82.22%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组不良反应的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 腹横肌平面阻滞联合静脉吗啡镇痛对腹部手术的镇痛效果满意,能够显著提高患者的早期恢复质量。     

子宫动脉栓塞介入治疗对难治性产后出血患者卵巢储备功能的影响

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞介入治疗对难治性产后出血患者卵巢储备功能的影响。方法 选取2016年3月至2018年3月云南省第一人民医院收治的74例难治性产后出血患者，根据治疗方式不同，分为对照组与观察组，每组37例。两组患者均接受常规抗休克治疗。在此基础上，对照组行子宫切除术，观察组行子宫动脉栓塞介入治疗。比较两组患者止血效果、手术时间、首次下床活动时间、住院天数、术后不良反应及术后6个月血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）、卵巢阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）及36项生活质量评分量表（SF-36）评分的差异。结果 观察组患者止血有效率为97.30%，对照组为100.00%，两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组患者平均手术时间为（39.48±7.54）min、术后首次下床活动时间为（3.15±1.12）d、术后平均住院天数为（7.41±2.23）d，均短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对照组患者发热发生率为56.76%，高于观察组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与孕前相比，术后6个月对照组患者的血清FSH及E2水平升高，血清LH水平降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，术后6个月观察组患者的血清FSH及E2水平较低，血清LH水平较高，且两组患者手术前后差值比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后6个月，观察组患者躯体功能、情绪功能、社会功能等生活质量评分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 子宫动脉栓塞介入治疗难治性产后出血患者可使患者早日恢复，降低不良反应发生率，提高生活质量，恢复卵巢储备功能。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.