标准大骨瓣减压加坏死脑组织清除治疗外伤后恶性脑肿胀疗效观察

目的 探讨标准大骨瓣减压加坏死脑组织清除治疗外伤后恶性脑肿胀的疗效.方法 80例伴发外伤后恶性脑肿胀的重型颅脑损伤患者,40例行标准大骨瓣开颅减压手术治疗,40例行标准大骨瓣开颅减压加坏死脑组织清除手术治疗,术后15 d及术后6个月观察治疗效果,对结果 进行比较分析.结果 标准大骨瓣减压加坏死脑组织清除手术治疗组患者术后15 d内颅高压发生率37.5%(15/40)、脑组织切口疝发生率32.5%(13/40),均明显低于单纯标准大骨瓣减压手术治疗组,分别为15.0%(6/40)和10.0%(4/40),P<0.05,伤后6个月患者优良(良好+中残)率(60.0%)显著高于单纯标准大骨瓣减压手术治疗组(40.0%),P<0.05.结论 采用标准大骨瓣减压加坏死脑组织清除手术可有效降低外伤后恶性脑肿胀患者的颅高压,降低重型颅脑损伤患者病死率和致残率,提高治疗效果.     

神经外科全麻术后老年患者苏醒延迟的高危因素分析

目的分析神经外科全麻术后老年患者苏醒延迟的高危因素。方法将我院神经外科160例全麻手术老年患者按照苏醒情况分为A组(35例,苏醒延迟)和B组(125例,无苏醒延迟)。比较两组的临床资料,分析苏醒延迟的影响因素。结果B组的术中输液量、入室GCS评分、开颅手术、冠心病、高血压患者占比均优于A组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术中输液量>52 mL、入室GCS评分≤8分、开颅手术为神经外科全麻术后老年患者苏醒延迟的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论临床全麻术前应综合评估患者发生苏醒延迟的风险性,选取合适的麻醉方案。     

The changing face of sympathetic overactivity in hypertension

There is a lot of evidence showing that sympathetic activity is increased in a large proportion of patients with hypertension. However, the clinical impact of this state is frequently underestimated. Several factors seem to be misunderstood, such as whether sympathetic overactivity is reproducibly present, whether it lasts throughout 24 h, and what is the significance of its association with tachycardia. In this review, we present data to indicate that several haemodynamic changes in hypertension such as elevated cardiac output and heart rate and alteration in vascular resistance are neurogenic. The relationship between the increased sympathetic tone and decreased parasympathetic tone in hypertension is reciprocal, which strongly suggests that the abnormality emanates from the brain. The increase in sympathetic drive in hypertension is widespread across many organs. Beside the heart it is seen in the kidney and skeletal muscle, and even in platelets. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of the haemodynamic transition from this hyperkinetic state to established hypertension. We propose a hypothesis where down-regulation of beta-adrenergic responsiveness plays a major role in explaining the haemodynamic changes as well as metabolic alterations, such as hyperinsulinaemia and even the gain of weight in hypertension. Thus, the increased sympathetic tone may be involved in the genesis of multiple, pressure-independent coronary risk factors in hypertension.     

高压氧对重型颅脑损伤术后患者长期预后的影响

目的:探讨高压氧(HBO)对重型颅脑损伤开颅术后疗效及预后的影响。方法:重型颅脑损伤后行标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术后患者97例,术后接受HBO治疗3个月,按是否坚持完成HBO治疗分为完成组61例和未完成组36例。随访5年,观察2组并发癫痫的比率、癫痫发作周期、死亡人数、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)及生存质量指数(QLI)评分。结果:2组术后24h及术后3个月GCS评分均明显高于术前(P<0.05),术后3个月完成组GCS及QLI评分明显高于未完成组(P<0.05),完成组出现继发癫痫及死亡例数明显低于未完成组(P<0.05);癫痫患者发作周期明显长于未完成组(P<0.05)。结论:重型颅脑损伤患者行标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术后配合标准疗程的HBO治疗可明显降低继发癫痫的比率,提高生存质量。     

Use of a complete neurological examination to screen for significant intracranial abnormalities in minor head injury

Indications for head computed tomography (CT) scans are unclear in patients with nonpenetrating head injury and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 15. We performed a prospective study to determine if significant intracranial injury could be excluded in patients with GCS-15 and a normal complete neurological examination. A prospective trial of clinically sober adult patients with GCS = 15 on emergency department (ED) presentation after closed head injury with loss of consciousness or amnesia was conducted from May 1996 through April 1997. All subjects underwent a standardized neurological examination including mental status evaluation, and assessment of motor, sensory, cerebellar and reflex function before CT scan. During the study period, 58 patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty-five patients (95%) had normal CT scans and 23 (42%) had focal neurological abnormalities. Three patients (5%) had CT scan findings of acute intracranial injury, two of whom had normal neurological examinations. One patient had an acute subdural hematoma requiring emergent surgical decompression; the other had both an epidural hematoma and pneumocephalus that did not require surgery. Significant brain injury and need for CT scanning cannot be excluded in patients with minor head injury despite a GCS = 15 and normal complete neurological examination on presentation.     

紧急颞下减压后大骨瓣减压联合小脑幕切开术治疗重型颅脑损伤合并小脑幕切迹疝临床观察

目的 探讨施行紧急颞下减压后大骨瓣减压联合小脑幕切开术治疗重型颅脑损伤合并小脑幕切迹疝的作用.方法 对92例重型颅脑损伤合并颞叶钩回疝患者随机分为2组,42例采用紧急颞下减压后大骨瓣减压联合小脑幕切开术,50例采用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅减压术.均进行术前、术后头颅CT及颅内压的监测;对幸存者术后3个月至1年随访,按GOS预后标准评价,并对其并发症进行统计.结果 紧急颞下减压后大骨瓣减压联合小脑幕切开术病例组疗效优于标准外伤大骨瓣减压组(P＜0.05).结论 小脑幕切迹疝施行紧急颞下减压后大骨瓣减压联合小脑幕切开术治疗重型颅脑损伤合并颞叶钩回疝可迅速解除脑受压、缓解颅内高压、挽救生命、改善预后.     

中重度颅脑外伤患者合并阵发性交感神经过度兴奋综合征的危险因素及对预后的影响

目的 分析在中重度颅脑外伤患者中与阵发性交感神经过度兴奋综合征（paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity,PSH）相关的危险因素,并分析PSH对此类患者预后的影响。方法 选择在我院收治的中重度颅脑外伤患者为研究对象。收集所有患者的人口学信息和临床诊治信息。按照是否合并PSH将患者分为PSH组（n=27）和对照组（n=99）,对相关变量进行回归分析,并分析PSH对中重度颅脑损伤预后［住院时间,住ICU时间,格拉斯哥预后评分(Glasgow Outcome Scale,GOS)］的相关性。结果 共纳入患者126 例（男性 82 例,女性 44例）,共有27例发生了PSH（21.4%）。与PSH发生相关的危险因素包括入院时收缩压>140 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)（OR=3.21,95%CI=1.31~7.87,P=0.011）,GCS<8分(OR=4.34,95%CI=1.73~10.93,P=0.002),创伤后急诊CT提示存在脑挫裂伤（OR=4.29,95%CI=2.55~8.26,P<0.001）,颅内出血量≥50 ml（OR=2.33,95%CI=1.42~5.13,P=0.003）以及后期出现脑积水(OR=3.57,95%CI=1.36~9.37,P=0.010)。而PSH又与住院时间>1个月（OR=5.21,95%CI=2.88~7.42,P=0.002）和GOS 1~3分有关（OR=1.75,95%CI=1.24~3.78,P=0.009）。结论 PSH是中重度颅脑外伤患者的一种常见并发症。PSH的发生与入院时收缩压较高、GCS较低、合并脑挫伤以及后期合并脑积水等因素密切相关,而合并PSH的患者住院时间更长,预后更差。     

Therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen on 32 cases of magraine

Background:Clinical manifestation of magraine is periodical onset of fluctuating headache caused by dysfunction of nerve-vessel,which mechanism is still unclear.Objective: To evaluate therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen on magraine.Unit:Central Hospital of Jinzhou City.Subjects: According to diagnosis standards formulated by 1998 International Headache association,64 cases magraine in neural department of central hospital of Jinzhou city were randomly divided into 2 groups.Treatment group:12 males,20 females,aged 18-50 (mean:34)years old with disease course 4 months to 20 years (mean:4.5 years).Control group:13 males,19 females,aged 16-48(mean:33)years old with disease course 3 months to 18 years(mean:5 years).There was no obvious difference at sex,age,conditon between 2 groups.Intervention:Control group:Buflomedil was used,0.1g,once a day,venous injection and 14 days as a therapeutic course.Control group:On base of drug therapy,hyperbaric oxygen chamber therapy was adopted,raising pressure for 30-35min,stabilized pressure for 40 min,reducing pressure for 20 min,therapy pressure 0.2 MPa,once a day,10 days as a therapeutic course.Main prognosis index:Control:no relapse of headache when treating;Marked:Headache alleviated,continuing time shortened obviously,onset times reduced over 60%;Effective:Headache alleveated and continuing time shortened,onset times reduced over 50%;Ineffective:above standards couldn‘t be achieved.Result: Comparison of therapeutic effects between two groups see table 1.Conclusion: Both combination of hyperbaric oxygen with drug and simple drug therapy could reduce onset frequency of magraine,but combination therapy was more effective,and could shorten effect-producing time.     

中重度颅脑损伤患者28 d死亡影响因素分析及NLR联合GCS评分对其28 d死亡预测价值

目的探讨中重度颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)患者28 d死亡影响因素及中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrolphil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)联合格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)评分对其28 d死亡预测价值。方法回顾性分析中重度TBI 628例的临床资料,根据28 d生存情况,将其分为病死组112例和存活组516例。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析对中重度TBI患者28 d死亡影响因素进行分析,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析NLR、GCS评分和NLR联合GCS评分对中重度TBI患者28 d死亡的预测价值。结果单因素分析结果显示,病死组入院时NLR、活化部分凝血酶原时间和C反应蛋白高于存活组,血红蛋白低于存活组;急诊手术治疗、坠落伤、瞳孔对光反应双阴、中线移位>5 mm、环池受压所占比例以及急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ评分高于存活组,GCS评分低于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,NLR>10.36、中线移位>5 mm和环池受压是中重度TBI患者28 d死亡的危险因素,GCS评分9~12分是中重度TBI患者28 d死亡的保护因素(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,NLR联合GCS评分预测中重度TBI 28 d死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.892高于NLR、GCS评分单独预测中重度TBI 28 d死亡的AUC 0.745和0.827,且敏感度和特异度均较高。结论NLR>10.36、中线移位>5 mm和环池受压是中重度TBI患者28 d死亡的危险因素,GCS评分9~12分是中重度TBI患者28 d死亡的保护因素。NLR联合GCS评分对中重度TBI患者28 d死亡具有较高预测价值。     

两种不同术式治疗重型颅脑损伤合并脑肿胀的临床疗效分析

目的探讨标准大骨瓣减压术及额颞去骨瓣加内减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤合并脑肿胀的不同疗效。方法回顾分析56例重型颅脑损伤合并脑肿胀患者的手术资料,按采取的不同手术方式随机分为两组,分别比较两组术后的并发症发生率、近、远期疗效等。结果两组患者早期并发症发生率及术后一周GOS评分差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。近期疗效及晚期并发症发生率比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。晚期疗效比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论额颞去骨瓣加内减压术具有损伤小、减压充分、并发症发生率低等特点,能降低死亡率和致残率,提高重型颅脑损伤合并脑肿胀患者的近期疗效,促进恢复。     

Incidence,risk factors,and outcomes of fecal incontinence after acute brain injury: findings from the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems national database

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcome in patients with fecal incontinence after acute brain injury. DESIGN: A retrospective study of the incidence of and risk factors contributing to fecal incontinence, and outcomes at admission to and discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and at 1-year follow-up. SETTING: Medical centers in the federally sponsored Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,013 consecutively enrolled rehabilitation inpatients from 17 TBIMS centers who were admitted to acute care within 24 hours of traumatic brain injury and seen at 1-year postinjury between 1990 and 2000. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of fecal incontinence, length of coma, length of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, length of stay (LOS), FIM instrument scores, disposition at discharge and follow-up, and incidences of pelvic fracture, frontal contusion, and urinary tract infection (UTI). RESULTS: The incidence of fecal incontinence was 68% at admission to inpatient rehabilitation, 12.4% at rehabilitation discharge, and 5.2% at 1-year follow-up. Analysis of variance and chi-square analyses revealed statistically significant associations between the incidence of fecal incontinence at rehabilitation admission and admission GCS score, length of coma and PTA, LOS, and incidence of UTI and frontal contusion. Fecal incontinence at rehabilitation discharge was significantly associated with several variables, including age, discharge disposition, admission GCS score, length of coma, PTA, LOS, FIM scores, and incidence of pelvic fracture and frontal contusion. Significant associations were also found between fecal incontinence at 1-year follow-up and age, discharge and current 1-year disposition, admission GCS score, length of coma, LOS, FIM scores, and incidence of UTI (P<.05). Although logistic regression analyses were significant (P<.001), and predicted continence with 100% accuracy, demographics, injury characteristics, medical complications, and functional outcomes did not predict incontinence at discharge and at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Fecal incontinence is a significant problem after brain injury. Certain factors may increase its likelihood. Further studies evaluating mechanisms of fecal incontinence and treatment or control interventions would be useful.     

急诊创伤患者死亡的相关因素与救治对策分析

目的探究影响急诊创伤患者死亡的相关因素,并分析其救治对策。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月于我院接受急救但无效死亡的46例急诊创伤患者(死亡组)和同期抢救成功的178例急诊创伤患者(存活组)的临床资料。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归方程分析两组患者的年龄、性别等相关因素,评估影响急诊创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素,并通过总结患者的死因,分析其临床救治对策。结果经单因素分析,两组年龄、ISS评分、GCS评分、就诊时间、损伤部位、机械通气情况有显著差异(P<0.05);而两组的性别、致伤原因、损伤数量、抢救措施比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、ISS评分、GCS评分、损伤部位、机械通气均属于急诊创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。46例死亡患者中,中枢性呼吸循环衰竭25例(54.35%),多器官功能衰竭12例(26.09%),失血性休克7例(15.22%),其他2例(4.35%)。结论年龄、ISS评分、GCS评分、损伤部位、机械通气均属于急诊创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素,临床应引起重视,提高抢救质量。     

rSIG与动脉血乳酸对重型颅脑创伤患者预后评估的价值

目的探讨rSIG(the reverse shock index multiplied by Glasgow coma scale score)与动脉血乳酸(Lac)对重型颅脑创伤患者预后评估的价值。方法回顾性分析某院急诊抢救室2016年8月至2019年9月收治的120例重型颅脑创伤患者的临床资料,以外伤后28 d预后情况为标准,将患者分为生存组(81例)和死亡组(39例)。比较两组患者的临床资料;分析影响重型颅脑创伤患者死亡的危险因素;分析rSIG与动脉血Lac及两者联合对重型颅脑创伤患者预后的预测价值。结果存活组的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、GCS评分及rSIG均明显高于死亡组,动脉血Lac水平明显低于死亡组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,收缩压、GCS评分、rSIG、动脉血Lac是重型颅脑创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。rSIG联合动脉血Lac对重型颅脑创伤患者死亡率的预测能力优于rSIG(P<0.05),但与动脉血Lac比较(P>0.05)。结论rSIG、动脉血Lac是重型颅脑创伤患者预后相关的独立危险因素,且对重型颅脑创伤患者伤情严重程度及预后有较好的预测价值。     

Correlation Of Bispectral Index With Glasgow Coma Score In Mild And Moderate Head Injuries

Background Bispectral Index (BIS) derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) is primarily developed to monitor the depth of unconsciousness. Recent evidence suggests that BIS may also help in the detection of cerebral ischemia and prognostication of outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study was designed to investigate the correlation between Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) and BIS in mild and moderate head injury.Methods In 29 patients with mild (GCS 13–15) and moderate (GCS 9–12) head injuries who underwent craniotomy, GCS and BIS were measured before surgery, after surgery and once a day for the first 10 days.Results A significant correlation was found between GCS and BIS in the data sets from all the patients (r = 0.67; p < 0.001). Mean BIS values increased with increasing GCS scores. However, the scatter of BIS values for any GCS score was high limiting the value of BIS in predicting GCS. Mean BIS values were significantly different between mild and moderate head injuries [65.7 ± 16.1 vs. 85.7 ± 6.1, p = 0.006].Conclusion In patients with mild and moderate head injury, significant correlation exists between GCS and BIS. But the high degree of scatter of BIS values for any given GCS score limits its use as a monitor of depth of coma in TBI. Further studies are required to understand the relation between BIS algorithm and cerebral electrical activity following TBI to define the role of BIS as an electrophysiological correlate of consciousness in TBI.The study was conducted with institutional resources only and no external funding was received.Paul DB, Rao GSU. Correlation of bispectral index with glasgow coma score in mild and moderate head injuries.     

Efficacy of combination therapy with gabapentin and guanfacine for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity following hypoxic encephalopathy: a case report

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a clinical syndrome of episodic sympathetic hyperactivities following severe acquired brain injury. It is characterized by paroxysmal hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, excessive diaphoresis, and specific posturing. Although the persistence of PSH increases the risk of several adverse events and worsens the prognosis, pharmacological treatments for PSH have not yet been clearly established. We report the valuable case of a 60-year-old man who developed PSH following hypoxic encephalopathy, which was effectively treated with a combination therapy of gabapentin and guanfacine. The present case suggests that combination therapy with gabapentin and guanfacine may be a therapeutic option for PSH.     

Association of Out-of-hospital Criteria with Need for Hospital Admission

Objective: To validate high-risk historical and physiologic out-of-hospital criteria as predictors of the need for hospitalization following ED evaluation.
Methods: Consecutive patients entered into the Suffolk County advanced life support system were enrolled. Previously proposed historical and physiologic "high-risk" criteria for hospitalization were prospectively collected. Criteria were associated with the need for hospital admission following ED evaluation.
Results: 1,238 patients were enrolled; 391 were released from an ED after transport. Most patients (843/1,238; 68%) were admitted to a hospital; and four died in the ED. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of admission or death among the transported patients were: bradycardia (90% admitted, p < 0.02); hypotension (80%, p < 0.03); hypertension (89%, p < 0.03); and age > 55 years (81%, p < 0.0001). Unresponsiveness and other abnormal vital signs were not associated with admission on univariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis identified two other factors associated with admission or death: tachycardia (72%, admitted, p < 0.01) and head injury (78% admitted. p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Abnormal pulse or blood pressure, head injury, and age > 55 years are associated with patients' requiring hospital admission after accessing the emergency medical services system. These criteria may aid the design of out-of-hospital refusal-of-care policies.     

影响硬膜外血肿术后脑水肿相关因素探讨

[目的]观察现代电痉挛（MECT）治疗精神障碍的疗效和不良反应.[方法]对接受MECT治疗的184例精神障碍患者分别于治疗前和治疗3、6、9、12次后进行阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及躁狂量表（BRMS）评定;于治疗前和治疗1、3、6、12次及治疗结束后1周进行韦氏记忆量表（WMS）测定,并记录每次治疗后的不良反应.[结果]总有效率90.76%.精神分裂症有效率88.52%,显效率59.83%;抑郁症有效率95.24%,显效率90.48%;躁狂症有效率100%,显效率92.86%;强迫症、癔症、病理性赌博亦有效.MECT所致记忆损害于治疗结束后1周内均恢复,其他不良反应亦短暂、轻微. [结论]MECT治疗精神障碍疗效确切,起效快,安全性好,值得进一步推广应用.     

Heterogeneity hampers the identification of general pressure injury risk factors in intensive care populations: A predictive modelling analysis

ObjectiveTo determine risk factors for pressure injury in distinct intensive care subpopulations according to admission type (Medical; Surgical elective; Surgery emergency; Trauma/Burns).Methodology/designPredictive modelling using generalised linear mixed models with backward elimination on prospectively gathered data of 13 044 adult intensive care patients.Settings1110 intensive care units, 89 countries worldwide.Main outcome measuresPressure injury risk factors.ResultsA generalised linear mixed model including admission type outperformed a model without admission type (p = 0.004). Admission type Trauma/Burns was not withheld in the model and excluded from further analyses. For the other three admission types (Medical, Surgical elective, and Surgical emergency), backward elimination resulted in distinct prediction models with 23, 17, and 16 predictors, respectively, and five common predictors only. The Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve was 0.79 for Medical admissions; and 0.88 for both the Surgical elective and Surgical emergency models.ConclusionsRisk factors for pressure injury differ according to whether intensive care patients have been admitted for medical reasons, or elective or emergency surgery. Prediction models for pressure injury should target distinct subpopulations with differing pressure injury risk profiles. Type of intensive care admission is a simple and easily retrievable parameter to distinguish between such subgroups.     

Prehospital neurologic deterioration is independent predictor of outcome in traumatic brain injury: analysis from National Trauma Data Bank

Background

The prevalence and impact of prehospital neurologic deterioration (PhND) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been investigated. We aimed to determine the prevalence of PhND during emergency medical service (EMS) transportation among patients with TBI and its impact on patient's outcome.

Methods

We used the National Trauma Data Bank, using data files from 2009 to 2010 to identify patients with TBI through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. The initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ascertained at the scene by EMS was compared with the subsequent GCS score evaluation in the emergency department (ED) to identify neurologic deterioration (defined as a decrease in GCS of ≥ 2 points). Patients' demographics, initial injury severity score (ISS), admission GCS score, and hospital outcome were compared between patients with PhND and patients without neurologic deterioration.

Results

A total of 257?127 patients with TBI were identified. Among patients with TBI, 22?254 patients had PhND, which comprised 9% of all patients with TBI. The mean of GCS score decrease during EMS transport was 5 points (± 3). Patients without PhND tended to have higher GCS recorded by EMS (median, 15 vs 12; P < .0001). Patients with TBI who had PhND had significantly higher hospital length of stay and intensive care unit days after adjusting for baseline characteristics and EMS GCS score, EMS transport time, type of injury, presence of intracranial hemorrhages, and ED ISS (P < .0001). These patients had higher rate of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for the same variables (odds ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 2.18-2.41).

Conclusion

Prehospital neurologic deterioration occurs in 9% of patients with TBI. It is more prevalent in men and associated with lower EMS GCS level and higher ED ISS. Prehospital neurologic deterioration is an independent predictor of worse hospital outcome and higher resource use in patients with TBI.     

病灶CT密度值指导下行颅内微创血肿清除术对慢性硬膜下血肿患者的疗效

  目的  观察病灶CT密度值指导下颅内微创血肿清除术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）患者疗效及预后影响因素。  方法  回顾性分析2017年12月~2020年12月于我院接受治疗的134例CSDH患者的临床资料,根据手术方法分为观察组（n=74,行病灶CT密度值指导下颅内微创血肿清除术）与对照组（n=60,行常规颅骨钻孔闭式引流术）。比较两组围术期指标,并记录手术前后神经及运动功能[中国卒中量表(CSS)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)]及并发症发生。以出院后3月的Markwalder's分级作为预后情况的评估标准,将观察组分为预后不良组及预后良好组,通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归方程分析影响病灶CT密度值指导下颅内微创血肿清除术治疗CSDH预后的危险因素。  结果  两组患者术中出血、术后拔管时间、住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组手术时间更长(P<0.05),术后30 d血肿清除率更高(P<0.05);CT图像显示,治疗前左侧额颞顶枕部低信号新月形影像,局部占位效应明显,脑组织受压,中线结构移位,治疗后慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术后第1天,引流管留置,硬膜下积液积气表现,局部占位效应减轻,中线结构移位好转;两组患者术前CSS、MBI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组术后30 d的CSS评分较术前降低,MBI评分较术前升高(P<0.05),且观察组术后CSS评分更低,MBI评分更高(P<0.05);两组随访3月内均无死亡病例,各项并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);年龄、脑萎缩及入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分在预后良好组及预后不良组组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),性别、出现症状到入院时间、血肿量、饮酒史、抽烟史、血肿CT值、术后引流、抗凝药物在预后良好组及预后不良组组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);年龄>65岁及入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分<13分为影响病灶CT密度值指导下颅内微创血肿清除术治疗CSDH预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。  结论  病灶CT密度值指导下颅内微创血肿清除术治疗CSDH效果理想,血肿清除率高,其预后与年龄及入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分有关。