不同产地锁阳药材HPLC指纹图谱研究及2种黄酮成分含量测定

目的 建立不同产地锁阳药材HPLC指纹图谱,并测定其中2种黄酮成分的含量。方法 采用HPLC-DAD技术,以Dikma Spursil C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,甲醇-0.2%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,建立锁阳药材的指纹图谱并进行含量测定;采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）对12批样品进行共有峰确认及相似度评价;通过SPSS 21.0统计软件采用聚类分析（CA）和主成分分析（PCA）对HPLC指纹图谱进行模式识别研究。结果 建立了锁阳药材指纹图谱,12批锁阳药材的相似度均>0.90;确定共有峰22个,并对其中儿茶素、根皮苷含量进行测定,其含量均值分别为0.320,0.057 mg·g^-1。CA将不同批次锁阳药材分为4类,反映了12个不同产区锁阳药材的质量特征;通过PCA筛选出累计贡献率达到89.349%的5个主成分,得到决定锁阳药材质量的4个化学成分。结论 建立的HPLC指纹图谱结合含量测定、CA、PCA方法可以客观、全面、有效地用于锁阳药材的质量评价。     

ASE-HPLC测定仙茅中仙茅苷的含量及其指纹图谱研究

目的 获得仙茅药材的HPLC指纹图谱,同时研究快速萃取仙茅中仙茅苷及其含量测定的方法,为其质量控制提供依据。方法 采用正交试验优选ASE 350快速溶剂萃取系统的最佳提取方法,采用HPLC测定仙茅苷的量,色谱柱为Thermo Syncronis C₁₈（100 mm×3 mm,3 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.5 mL·min^-1,检测波长为285 nm,柱温为40℃。指纹图谱共有模式采用国家药典委员会中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2.0版）进行处理分析。结果 采用萃取温度100℃、静态萃取时间5 min、循环提取2次的快速提取方法最优。在指纹图谱研究中,标定了15个共有峰,建立了对照指纹图谱,20批药材与共有模式之间相似性良好,相似度均>0.9。结论 本方法快速、准确,可用于仙茅药材的综合质量评价。     

蒙药材蓝盆花指纹图谱及一测多评含量测定方法研究

目的： 建立蒙药材蓝盆花的HPLC指纹图谱及一测多评法同时测定绿原酸、木犀草苷、异绿原酸A及异绿原酸C 4个成分的含量,评价药材质量。方法： 采用Kromasil 100-5-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长分别为326 nm（含量测定）和350 nm（指纹图谱）,柱温30℃。以17批样品建立指纹图谱共有模式。以异绿原酸A为内参物,建立绿原酸、木犀草苷、异绿原酸C与内参物的相对校正因子,计算含量,并与外标法计算结果进行比较。结果： 建立了蓝盆花药材的HPLC指纹图谱,标示了10个共有峰,并指认其中的7个色谱峰,分别为绿原酸、木犀草苷、异绿原酸A、大波斯菊苷、异绿原酸C、木犀草素、芹菜素。相对校正因子重现性良好,以异绿原酸A为内参物采用校正因子计算的含量值与实测值之间无显著差异。结论： 采用指纹图谱与多指标检测模式可为评价蒙药材蓝盆花的质量提供有效方法。     

甘草HPLC指纹图谱研究

摘 要 目的: 建立乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)的HPLC指纹图谱。方法: 采用反相高效液相色谱法,选用APOLLO C₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸为流动相梯度洗脱,采集时间为80 min,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1。结果:建立甘草药材的HPLC指纹图谱,标定甘草药材14个共有峰,方法学考察结果符合指纹图谱技术要求。结论:该方法稳定,准确,可靠,为今后甘草药材质量控制提供科学依据。     

铁冬青HPLC指纹图谱

摘 要 目的: 建立冬青科植物铁冬青的HPLC指纹图谱。 方法: 采用反相高效色谱法,选用APOLLOC₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,乙腈 水为流动相梯度洗脱,采集时间55 min,流速1 ml·min^-1。结果:建立铁冬青药材的HPLC指纹图谱,标定铁冬青药材9个共有峰,方法学考察结果符合指纹图谱技术要求。结论:该方法稳定,准确,可靠,为铁冬青药材质量控制提供科学依据。     

毛叶香茶菜HPLC指纹图谱的建立及其液-质联用分析

目的 建立毛叶香茶菜药材的HPLC指纹图谱,并通过UPLC-ESI-MS技术对毛叶香茶菜药材中的化学成分进行定性分析。方法 采用Kromasil 100-5 C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,甲醇-0.1%冰醋酸为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL·min^-1,检测波长为239 nm,柱温为30℃。结果 建立了毛叶香茶菜药材的指纹图谱,标定了12个共有色谱峰,通过对照品指认、文献比对以及高分辨质谱数据解析,初步鉴定指认了其中7个共有峰化学成分。结论 该方法准确可靠、重复性较好,科学、有效地对毛叶香茶菜进行了整体评价,为更好地控制毛叶香茶菜内在质量提供了科学依据。     

泰山紫草与新疆紫草的HPLC指纹图谱对比研究

目的 对比研究泰山紫草和新疆紫草指纹图谱及其主要成分含量,评价泰山紫草的药用价值。方法 采用HPLC,色谱柱为Symmetry C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-水（70∶30）,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为516 nm。应用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012年版）软件,建立泰山紫草、新疆紫草指纹图谱。结果 建立了泰山紫草、新疆紫草指纹图谱的共有模式,以新疆紫草对照图谱作为参照图谱,进行峰匹配,对比计算泰山紫草指纹图谱的相似度为0.798,泰山紫草中含有萘醌类有效成分,但含量与新疆紫草中存在差异。结论 泰山紫草具有一定的药用价值,但不可完全替代新疆紫草使用。     

注射用益气复脉(冻干)HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立注射用益气复脉(冻干)的HPLC指纹图谱,并建立评价其质量的指纹图谱分析方法。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Waters Symmetry^® C₁₈柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为乙腈-0.01%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱;检测波长203 nm;柱温32 ℃。结果 建立了注射用益气复脉(冻干)中人参皂苷类、五味子木质素类的指纹图谱,并建立了3种指纹图谱分析评价方法。结论 建立的注射用益气复脉(冻干)指纹图谱的重复性、稳定性好,采用夹角余弦法与相关系数法从两个不同的角度评价指纹图谱,可以有效地反映益气复脉的质量,两者差异不大,而采用欧氏距离法却无法获得两张图谱的真实相似程度,无法给出直观的综合质量评价结果。     

酸枣叶HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立酸枣叶药材的HPLC指纹图谱,为其质量标准的研究提供依据。方法 采用Kinetex C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6 μm）;流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;体积流量为300 μL/min;柱温30℃,检测波长225 nm,进样量10 μL,对12批酸枣叶药材进行了指纹图谱研究,采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2012版）软件进行分析。结果 12批酸枣叶的HPLC指纹图谱有13个共有峰,其中1个共有峰得到确认,相似度均＞0.85。结论 该方法准确可靠,重复性好,为更好地控制酸枣叶内在质量提供科学依据。     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用Agilent SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30 ℃,洗脱时间为80 min。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）对检测出色谱进行指纹图谱相似度评价。结果 建立了鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了20个共有峰,15个峰归属到各药材,其中5个峰确认了化学成分;10批样品的指纹图谱的整体相似度与对照图谱比较,均在90%以上。结论 所建立的鼻渊净胶囊指纹图谱有助于从整体上控制该制剂的质量。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.