广西壮族自治区农村地区精神疾病流行病学调查

[目的]了解广西壮族自治区≥15岁农村居民各类精神疾病的患病水平和分布特征。[方法]2007年7～12月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取10县13910人≥15岁的农村居民为调查对象进行入户调查。以中国疾病预防控制中心精神卫生中心提供的中文版本的复合性国际诊断问卷(CIDI3.0)为筛查工具,以国际疾病及相关健康问题分类第10版(ICD-10)为诊断标准。[结果]完成调查11191人,调查完成率为80.45%。广西农村地区精神疾病总时点患病率和总终生患病率分别为23.77‰和26.81‰。按终生患病率高低排列,广西农村地区前3位特定精神疾病是精神分裂症(9.20‰)、酒依赖(6.17‰)和抑郁(5.27‰)。总终生患病率女性(21.30‰)低于男性(31.85‰),差异有统计学意义(RR=0.68,95%CI=0.53～0.84,P=0.001);壮族(33.45‰)高于汉族(21.84‰),差异有统计学意义(RR=1.56,95%CI=1.21～2.01,P=0.001)。抑郁患病率在55～64岁年龄组和离婚人群患病率较高;25～34岁组和未婚是精神分裂症患病高发人群;酒精依赖症患病率在35～54岁组、65～74岁组和小学及以下人群较高。[结论]精神分裂症、酒依赖和抑郁是广西农村地区主要精神疾病,应针对其患病高发人群开展防控干预工作。     

广西农村少数民族居民精神疾病流行病学分析

目的 了解广西壮族自治区农村地区少数民族≥15岁居民各类精神疾病患病水平和分布特征.方法 2007年7-12月在广西5个少数民族自治县采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法 抽取6 000名≥15岁居民进行入户调查,以复合性国际诊断问卷(CIDI)3.0为筛查工具,以国际疾病及相关健康问题分类第10版(ICD-10)为诊断标准.结果 完成调查4743人,总调查完成率79.05%;广西农村地区少数民族居民精神疾病总时点患病率分别为:苗族11.12‰,侗族41.06‰,瑶族29.11‰,仫佬族34.11‰,毛南族29.51‰;总终生患病率分别为苗族12.13‰,侗族42.03‰,瑶族29.11‰,仫佬族39.96‰,毛南族29.51‰;各少数民族居民精神疾病主要为酒精依赖、抑郁和精神分裂症;各少数民族居民精神疾病总终生患病率性别、年龄、文化程度和婚姻状况分布差异有统计学意义.结论 精神疾病已成为广西农村少数民族地区重大公共卫生问题.     

战士精神卫生状况及其影响因素的三年追踪观察

本文对９８１名战士精神卫生状况及其影响因素的追踪观察表明：（１）入伍第６个月是精神卫生问题发生的高峰期，且面广；入伍第２年精神卫生问题虽有发生，但其量少，面狭；入伍第３年精神疾病总患病率为４２．１‰，其中精神病患病率７．３‰，神经症患病率为３４．８‰。（２）影响精神卫生的因素：与生物－心理－社会综合因素有关。这为战士精神疾患的防治提供了参考资料。     

3478例住院精神病人疾病构成分析

随着改革开放的不断深入 ,人们的行为方式、心理卫生及社会环境均发生了巨大变化 ,而精神疾病的发病率和疾病谱也迅速改变 ,社会各界对精神及心理卫生的需求亦日益增加。有人报告〔1〕:1984年和 1994年精神疾病终生患病率分别为 9 .76‰和 13 .2 4‰ ,时点患病率分别为 9.13‰和 12 .2 1‰ ,说明精神疾病有逐渐增多的趋势。因而掌握精神疾病的构成及变迁 ,对于搞好防治、加强多发病的研究及提高人群心理健康水平均具有重要意义。u€1　资料与方法1.1　全部病例均来源于我院 1989年～ 1998年住院精神病病人 (复员退伍军人除外 )。根据病历逐…     

上海市杨浦区精神卫生工作现状与策略

杨浦区位于上海市的东北角 ,区域面积 61km2 ,共有 10个街道和 1个镇 ,2 0 0 1年人口统计显示辖区内常住人口为 12 4万。在这样一个较大的城区 ,如果能够充分了解和掌握辖区内的精神卫生现状 ,我认为将有助于政府和有关部门在制定今后城市规划时 ,采取相应对策 ,并可为我区的社区综合建设和安定局面创造有利环境。1　目前我区精神卫生的基本状况1 1　精神疾病的患病率　据全国第三次精神卫生工作会议透露 ,各类精神疾病的患病率大约在 16‰ ,而重性精神疾病的患病率大约在 6‰左右。据我们掌握的现有资料来看 ,我区的情况大致与此接近。到 2…     

东莞市厚街镇2012年重性精神疾病流行病学分析

目的了解东莞市厚街镇重性精神疾病患病率和流行特征,为社区预防精神疾病的发生和采取相应的防治措施提供科学依据。方法依据国家公共卫生服务均等化重性精神疾病管理治疗服务规范及工作规范,对本镇户籍人口进行多次摸底调查．采用现况流行病学调查方法对调查资料进行统计分析。结果全镇现有精神疾病患者896例,患病率为8．89‰,其中精神分裂症（4．93‰）、精神发育迟滞（伴精神障碍,2．21‰）及癫痫所致精神障碍（0．90‰）位列前3位。经济状况属当地贫困线以下者、文化程度为小学及以下者和未婚者所占比例较高。结论精神分裂症、精神发育迟滞（伴精神障碍）及癫痫所致精神障碍是厚街镇主要的精神疾病,应列为社区管理治疗的主要服务对象,并针对本镇精神疾病患者的主要特点,对不同人群采取预防为主的措施．减少疾病的发生,提高人们的生活质量。     

深圳市神经症流行病学调查

目的 通过对深圳市神经症的流行状况分析，找出该病的分布特点，分析各种影响因素，为进一步探讨病因、制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法 采用世界卫生组织-世界精神健康联盟（WHO WMH）提供的复合性国际诊断交谈检查表（CIDI）3．2，对深圳市2005年精神疾病流行状况进行调查。结果 在7108名年龄为18岁以上的深圳市受访人群中，神经症终生患病率为13．35％；其中，男性为12．90％，女性为13．85％；非户籍人口患病率明显高于户籍人口（x^2=6．79，P〈0．01）；城区人口患病率明显高于乡镇人口（x^2=49．22，P〈0．01）；45岁以下的人群患病率明显增高。神经症之间的共患病率为19．79％，女性明显高于男性（x^2=9．601，P〈0．01）。患病率和严重性与年龄、性别、婚姻状况、经济状况及生活事件等因素有关。结论 神经症的患病率呈上升趋势，已经成为常见病、多发病，且发病年龄呈年轻化趋势，应列为公共卫生防治的重点。     

佛山市某社区精神病现况调查和生活质量测量

目的了解社会人群精神疾病的患病情况,指导开展精神病的社区防治和康复工作.方法采用普查的方法,调查佛山市城区祖庙街社区l5岁以上人群精神疾病的流行状况,并对患者和社区对照组进行生活质量平行测量.结果该社区共有15岁以上精神疾病患者335例,时点患病率和终生患病率分别为I1.62‰和12.11%o;精神分裂症、精神发育迟滞和老年性痴呆是社区人群中3种最主要的精神疾病;离婚、丧偶、文化程度低者患病率较高;精神病患者的生活质量显著低于正常对照组,P<0.01.结论必须重视社区中的精神疾病的防治.精神疾病的社区调查,有利于确定精神疾病的社区防治和康复工作重点.     

锡山市城乡精神发育迟滞儿童流行病学比较研究

作者于1994年12月15日至1995年4月30日，对无锡城乡进行标化精神发育迟滞流行病学调查及其比较研究。一、方法：在足以代表该地区20万人口框架中按2％标准化随机抽样；按（精神疾病流行病学调查手册）操作；资料由计算机作相关统计分析。二、结果：无锡城乡精神发育迟滞总患病率为2．76％，与1982年全国十二地区调查报道2石8％无显著性差异。无锡城乡各自精神发育迟滞患病率为1．99As和3．75k（P＜005）；＞14岁患病率城乡分别为三．98＆和2，14％（P＞0．05）Z7～14岁患病率城乡分别为0和1．61L（P＜0．则）。城乡患者在社会人口学、疾…     

湘潭县重性精神疾病患者管理现状调查研究

目的 调查湘潭县重性精神疾病患者治疗、管理和救助现状,为政府出台精神卫生管理办法,制订重性精神疾病防治策略提供科学依据。 方法 采用查阅资料、询问调查和现场查看相结合的方法。 结果 2013年,湘潭县重性精神疾病患病率为2.53‰,与全国平均水平比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.89,P>0.05);女性患病率(2.81‰)高于男性(2.28‰),差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.27,P<0.01)。2010-2012年湘潭县重性精神疾病患者住院人次和治疗费用呈上升趋势。 结论 湘潭县重型精神疾病患病率较高。应按照《精神卫生法》的要求,结合湘潭县实际,加大投入,明确部门职责,协调开展各项治疗、管理和救助工作。     

昆明市精神障碍患病率与卫生资源利用研究

目的：掌握昆明市精神障碍患病率和精神卫生资源投入及利用现状。方法：抽样调查全市精神疾病患病率及诊治情况,同时普查全市精神卫生资源现状。结果：精神和行为障碍的30天患病率为4．53％,12个月患病率为6．41％,终生患病率为15．19％,重性精神病30天患病率为1．02％,推算全市现重性精神病人51000人。全市共拥有精神科正规病床1920张,即每万病人拥有床位数为152张,精神科病床年平均使用率为92．6％。结论：昆明市精神卫生资源投入不足。     

武汉市2007～2011年孕产妇死亡及相关因素分析

目的:分析武汉市孕产妇死亡原因及影响因素,提出降低孕产妇死亡率的预防策略和干预措施。方法:对2007～2011年武汉市孕产妇死亡监测资料进行统计分析。结果:2007～2011年武汉市孕产妇死亡率由56.9/10万降为28.4/10万,其中农村地区孕产妇死亡率由77.6/10万降为49.7/10万,城市孕产妇死亡率由31.6/10万降为0/10万。孕产妇死因前三位依次是产科出血、妊娠期高血压疾病和羊水栓塞。结论:加强育龄孕妇产前筛查和围产期保健教育,加强高危妊娠管理,加强产科和妇幼保健人员的技能培训,提高住院分娩率等是降低孕产妇死亡率的有效措施。     

Co-occurring alcohol,drug, and other psychiatric disorders among Mexican-origin people in the United States

We examined co-occurrence of (comorbid) alcohol, drug, and non-substance use psychiatric disorders in a population sample of Mexican-origin adults from rural and urban areas of central California. Co-occurring lifetime rates of alcohol or other drug disorders with non-substance use psychiatric disorders, or both, were 8.3% for men and 5.5% for women and were 12.3% for the US born and 3.5% for immigrants. Alcohol abuse or dependence with co-occurring psychiatric disorders is a primary disorder among Mexican-origin adult males (7.5% lifetime prevalence). US-born men and women are almost equally likely to have co-occurring disorders involving substances. Cobormidity is expected to increase in the Mexican-origin population owing to acculturation effects of both sexes.     

乳山市农村小学生心理健康状况调查

目的:了解乳山市农村小学生的心理健康状况,为有效解决小学生的心理健康问题提供理论依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样法随机抽取乳山市10所小学共3 000名。结果:行为障碍、学习障碍、情绪障碍、性格缺陷得分均值分别为4.38、3.37、3.25和3.23;从偏离检出率分析得偏离检出率较高的依次为行为障碍(16.1%)、学习障碍(14.8%)、性格缺陷(15.7%)、社会适应障碍(13.2%)等。小学生心理健康的影响因素包括性别、年龄、班级、母亲职业、家庭月收入等。结论:乳山市农村小学生均存在不同的心理健康问题,应采取有效措施改善其心理健康状况。     

阜新市城市居民精神疾病流行病学调查

目的掌握阜新市城市18—65岁人群各类精神疾病患病率和分布特点。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法．以复合性国际诊断交谈检查量表（CIDI1．0）对阜新市2724名18-65岁城市居民进行了入户面对面调查。结果调查的应答率为80．14％。各类精神疾病总的2周、12个月和终生患病率分别为6．39％，9．06％和13．71％。情感障碍、焦虑障碍和酒精使用障碍的终身患病率分别为4．36％，7．86％和4．80％，终身患病率居前3位的依次是场所恐怖（3．81％）、特殊恐怖（3．70％）和重性抑郁（3．67％）。男性的焦虑障碍患病率低于女性（OR=0．63，95％CI为0．45—0．88），酒精使用障碍高于女性（OR=12．33。95％CI为6．17．24．63）。离婚者情感障碍、焦虑障碍和酒精使用障碍的患病率均升高。结论精神疾病已成为阜新市居民迫切需要解决的重大公共卫生问题。     

A study of neurosis and occupation

Ferguson, D. (1973).British Journal of Industrial Medicine,30, 187-198. A study of neurosis and occupation. Claims that male telegraphists in an Australian communications undertaking were unduly subject to neurosis and certain psychosomatic disorders as a result of the stress of their work were investigated by sickness absence and environmental and prevalence studies. The absence records of all telegraphists in the mainland capital city offices of the undertaking were compared with those of random samples of clerks and mechanics and, because of excess absence among sydney telegraphists, with those of mail sorters in that city. Subsequently, 516 telegraphists, 93% of those available in Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane, and 155 Sydney mail sorters (79% of a sample) were examined medically.

Absence attributed to neurosis was much commoner in telegraphists than in the other occupations in each capital, and in Sydney telegraphists than in those of other capitals. Employees having such absence were more likely than others also to have uncertified and repeated absences, and absence attributed to bronchial and dyspeptic disorder and to injury. One-third (33%) of the 516 telegraphists examined were considered to have or to have had disabling neurosis, the prevalence being much greater in Sydney (44%) than in Melbourne (19%) or Brisbane (26%). The onset, course, associations, and other characteristics of neurosis are described.

There was some evidence that the neurotic employee had increased liability to some other disorders but also that he was more likely to report ill health than others. Interpretation of increased other ill health in neurosis is confounded by the effects of an excess indulgence in habits. An increase in indices of mental stress was noted but some disorders commonly attributed to stress were not unduly prevalent in neurotics. Loss of craft status, monotony, dissatisfaction with job, fear of displacement by machine, group size, and supervisory practices were all thought to predispose to the high prevalence of neurosis in Sydney telegraphists. However, personal and social maladjustment was particularly evident in telegraphists in that city, and the population from which telegraphists were drawn may have been less well adjusted in Sydney than in Melbourne or Brisbane.

Though it was possible in general to characterize the employee liable to neurosis, the predictive power of the characterization would be poor. The disorder followed no one pattern. Rather it appeared to be a collection of clinical syndromes which present as a result of the complex interaction of the personality with multiple factors at work and elsewhere over most of a lifetime. In individual subjects the relationship of stress at work to symptoms was usually ill defined, even in cases in which the identified probable factors were mainly or solely occupational. Nevertheless, there seems much to be gained from the establishment of mental health programmes in industry.

     

Review of the prevalence and incidence of eating disorders

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the incidence and prevalence of eating disorders. METHODS: We searched Medline using several key terms relating to epidemiology and eating disorders and we checked the reference lists of the articles that we found. Special attention has been paid to methodologic problems affecting the selection of populations under study and the identification of cases. RESULTS: An average prevalence rate for anorexia nervosa of 0.3% was found for young females. The prevalence rates for bulimia nervosa were 1% and 0.1% for young women and young men, respectively. The estimated prevalence of binge eating disorder is at least 1%. The incidence of anorexia nervosa is 8 cases per 100,000 population per year and the incidence of bulimia nervosa is 12 cases per 100,000 population per year. The incidence of anorexia nervosa increased over the past century, until the 1970s. DISCUSSION: Only a minority of people who meet stringent diagnostic criteria for eating disorders are seen in mental health care.     

2005年昆明市15岁以上居民烟酒行为及所致精神障碍研究

[目的]了解昆明市居民常见烟酒行为及所致精神障碍流行强度及分布情况。[方法]2005年11月,在昆明市按容量比例和随机抽样原则,抽取15岁以上本地常住居民,采用CIDI2．1为调查工具,DSNM—Ⅳ为诊断标准,调查近30天内常见烟酒行为及所致精神障碍患病情况。[结果]调查5033人,近30天患有各类烟酒所致精神障碍的86例,30天患病率为1.96％;终生患病的442例,终生患病率为6．78％。30天患病率与终生患病率居首位的均是尼古丁依赖（30天患病率为1．93％,终生患病率为4．24％）。30天患病率男性与女性分别为3．51％、0．06％（P〈0．01）,终生患病率男性与女性分别为11．97％、0．31％（P〈0.01）;城乡间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]昆明市15岁以上居民各类烟酒所致精神障碍患病率较高,尼古丁依赖患病率最高。     

上海市金山区农村癫痫患病率调查

目的　调查上海市金山区农村癫痫患病率、药物治疗现状及癫痫患者的就业、教育、家庭、婚姻等社会心理状况 ,以便制订癫痫综合防治方案。方法　 2 0 0 0年在金山区朱泾镇采用分层整群抽样原则完成 5万人群的癫痫普查。结果　癫痫粗患病率为 3.11‰ ,标化患病率为 3.6 2‰ ,其中男性3.6 5‰ ,女性 2 .5 0‰ ,男性皆明显高于女性 (χ2 =4 .79,P <0 .0 1) ;农村患病率为 3.70‰ ,明显高于城镇2 .4 5‰ ;年龄组患病率分布有两个高峰 ,第一高峰表现在 10～ 30岁 ,第二高峰表现在 6 0岁年龄组。结论　金山区居民癫痫患病率在国内处于中等偏低水平。     

Psychiatric diagnoses of medical service users: evidence from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program.

Based on data from the five sites of the National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Program, this paper examines the prevalence of psychiatric disorder among recent medical service users versus nonusers, with a particular focus on affective disorders, substance abuse/dependence, and phobias. The rate of current Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) disorders among medical users in all five ECA sites is 21.7 per cent (slightly higher than general population rates) versus 16.7 per cent among nonusers; there is generally no difference between users and nonusers with past DIS diagnoses. Affective disorders were among the most common mental disorders of medical service users, especially among females, with little variation between sites: females: users: 6.9 per cent to 9.3 per cent, nonusers: 3.4 per cent to 6.4 per cent, and males: users: 3.3 per cent to 6.5 per cent, nonusers: 1.2 per cent to 4.1 per cent. Rates of phobias among persons using medical services are also higher than among nonusers. Substance abuse disorders are at least as common among persons who use medical services (8 per cent to 14 per cent of male users) as among those who do not (9 per cent to 11 per cent of male nonusers). The high rates of affective disorders among women and of substance abuse among male medical service users underscore the need to increase the ability of general medical practitioners to recognize and manage or refer these conditions.