氯米芬合用阿司匹林对子宫内膜发育和子宫血流的影响

目的:观察小剂量阿司匹林是否能改变氯米芬诱导排卵后子宫内膜的厚度、改善子宫血流的灌注。方法:4 5例不明原因不育或男方因素不育的妇女平均分为自然周期组、氯米芬组(CC组)、氯米芬加阿司匹林组(CC加aspirin组) ,观察3组HCG日及HCG加9天的激素水平、子宫内膜厚度、子宫动脉搏动指数(PI) ,HCG日的子宫内膜类型。结果:CC组无论HCG日还是HCG加9天内膜厚度均明显小于自然周期组(P <0 .0 5 ) ,而CC加aspirin组内膜厚度均明显大于CC组(P <0 . 0 5 )。CC组无论HCG日还是HCG加9天的子宫动脉搏动指数(PI)均明显著大于自然周期组(P <0 . 0 5 ) ,而CC加aspirin组子宫动脉搏动指数(PI)均显著小于CC组(P <0 . 0 5 )。结论:小剂量阿司匹林能改善氯米芬诱导排卵中的子宫血流灌注,从而改善子宫内膜发育。     

薄型子宫内膜冻融胚胎移植周期中应用雌二醇/雌二醇地屈孕酮的疗效观察

目的:探讨雌二醇/雌二醇地屈孕酮(芬吗通)对薄型子宫内膜患者冻融胚胎移植(FET)周期中的子宫内膜厚度及妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年6月56例患者62个FET周期的临床资料,根据内膜准备方案分为戊酸雌二醇(补佳乐)组29例(34个周期)和芬吗通组27例(28个周期),比较两组患者的一般情况、基础激素水平、超排卵情况、用药量及用药前后子宫内膜增幅和妊娠情况的差异。结果:两组一般情况、基础激素水平、超排卵情况及用药后妊娠情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组用药前、用药后子宫内膜厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但用药后子宫内膜厚度均增加(均8 mm),分别与用药前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);芬吗通组用药后子宫内膜厚度增幅(2.58±1.69 mm)大于补佳乐组(2.00±0.99 mm),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。芬吗通组用药剂量(65.36±40.22 mg)少于补佳乐组(80.50±63.14mg),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:补佳乐及芬吗通均可改善薄型子宫内膜患者的内膜厚度,但芬吗通用药量较少且效果更明显,并可获得与补佳乐患者相似的妊娠结局。     

小剂量阿司匹林促排卵过程中对子宫内膜发育的研究

目的 探讨小剂量阿司匹林（aspirin）在促进诱发排卵过程中对子宫内膜发育的影响。方法 2000-09—2003-03郑州大学第三附属医院对不明原因的不孕妇女采用前瞻性随机双盲的方法，在氯米芬（CC）促排卵治疗同时，自月经第1—20天连续服用小剂量阿司匹林75mg／d。结果 阿司匹林组的子宫动脉血流阻力指数（RI）明显低于CC组（P〈0．01），子宫内膜厚度明显厚于CC组（P〈0．01），子宫内膜腺体面积、周长、间质面积、彬间比值及雌、孕激素受体的数目均明显大于CC组（P〈0．01）。排卵前后，阿司匹林组和CC组的E2、P质量浓度均高于对照组，阿司匹林组和CC组的E2、P质量浓度差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 小剂量阿司匹林可改善促排卵时氯米芬所致的子宫内膜发育不良，但不能改善促排卵治疗时CC所致的内源激素紊乱状态。     

中药联合西药治疗排卵障碍性不孕症及对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨温肾活血法结合克罗米芬(CC)联合补佳乐在治疗排卵障碍性不孕症中的疗效。方法:将排卵障碍性不孕症患者89例随机分为A组(CC+补佳乐)、B组(温肾活血汤+CC+补佳乐)和C组(阿司匹林+CC+补佳乐)3种方案治疗。比较3组的排卵率、未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征(LUFS)发生率、妊娠率、流产率,以经阴道彩色多普勒B超测量3组治疗前、后的排卵期子宫内膜厚度、子宫动脉阻力指数(RI),观察内膜容受性。结果:A组周期排卵率为79.0%,妊娠率为23.3%,流产率为28.6%,LUFS发生率为14.8%。B组周期排卵率达87.6%,妊娠率为56.7%,流产率为0.0%,LUFS发生率为4.1%,C组周期排卵率为86.9%,妊娠率为44.8%,流产率为15.4%,LUFS发生率为8.7%,3组排卵率无统计学差异(P0.05),3组妊娠率、流产率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中,B组妊娠率最高,流产率最低,显著高于A组、C组(P0.05),C组妊娠率高于A组,流产率低于A组,但差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。B组及C组h CG注射日子宫内膜厚度及A型子宫内膜比例明显高于A组(P0.05),子宫动脉RI明显低于A组(P0.05);LUFS发生率B组明显低于A组(P0.05),C组略低于A组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:温肾活血法能显著提高CC联合补佳乐治疗排卵障碍性不孕症的临床妊娠率,降低流产率,其效果好于阿司匹林。其机制主要与中药降低LUFS发生率、促进卵泡排出及改善CC对子宫内膜容受性的抑制作用有关,其改善内膜容受性的效果好于阿司匹林。     

温肾活血汤联合克罗米芬改善促排卵子宫内膜容受性疗效研究

目的:探讨温肾活血汤联合克罗米芬(clomiphene citrate,CC)促排卵治疗后对子宫内膜容受性的影响。方法:45例排卵障碍型不孕患者随机分成A组(CC)、B组(CC+阿司匹林)、C组(CC+温肾活血中药),每组15例。治疗1～3个疗程,观察排卵率、妊娠率及hCG注射日子宫内膜类型及厚度。结果:C组A+B型内膜率(91.18%)显著高于A组(76.92%,P<0.01)及B组(66.67%,P<0.05);C组内膜平均厚度(9.4±2.2mm)显著高于A组(7.8±1.4mm),P<0.05。周期排卵率C组(82.35%)>B组(76.92%)>A组(69.23%),但各组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征(LUFS)发生率C组(5.88%)显著低于A组(23.08%)(P<0.05)。周期妊娠率C组(23.5%)>B组(15.4%)>A组(10.3%)(P<0.05)。结论:温肾活血汤能提高克罗米芬促排卵治疗后的妊娠率,其机制可能与促进排卵、降低LUFS发生及改善子宫内膜容受性有关,其改善内膜容受性的效果好于阿司匹林联合CC。     

卵泡期地塞米松应用对克罗米芬抵抗的多囊卵巢综合征促排卵作用研究

目的:探讨克罗米芬(CC)联合地塞米松(DEX)对CC抵抗的多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的促排卵效果。方法:将50名CC抵抗患者随机分为治疗组(A组)和对照组(B组)。A组患者在月经第3￣7日口服CC100mg/d,同时在月经周期的第3￣12日口服DEX1.0mg/d;B组CC的应用同A组,同时在月经周期的第3￣12日口服叶酸片0.5mg/d。月经第8日开始监测卵泡发育情况。当有1个卵泡直径≥18mm或2个卵泡直径≥17mm时,肌注hCG10000IU,36h后性生活。观察2组注射hCG日成熟卵泡数和子宫内膜厚度、促排卵天数、月经周期第22日孕酮水平、排卵率和妊娠率。结果:A组注射hCG日的成熟卵泡数、子宫内膜厚度、月经第22日血清中孕酮水平以及排卵率和妊娠率与B组相比差异均有显著性(P<0.05￣P<0.01);促排卵天数组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:对CC抵抗的PCOS患者,DEX可以促进排卵,改善CC对子宫内膜的抗雌激素效应,增加子宫内膜厚度,提高排卵率和妊娠率。     

经阴道补充雌激素对促排卵期薄型子宫内膜的影响

目的:探讨经阴道补充雌激素对促排卵期薄型子宫内膜的影响。方法:将经B超监测有排卵发生但子宫内膜厚度7 mm的不孕患者随机分为对照组(CC组)和治疗组,治疗组又分成补佳乐组(CC+口服补佳乐)、芬吗通组(CC+芬吗通雌二醇片阴道用药)、联合用药组(CC+口服补佳乐及芬吗通雌二醇片阴道用药),观察内膜厚度增幅、类型、用药48 h后血雌激素浓度及妊娠率。结果:共纳入患者110例,对照组20例,治疗组90例,其中补佳乐组28例,芬吗通组28例,联合用药组34例。治疗组患者用药前、后子宫内膜增幅分别为2.3±0.3 mm、2.1±0.2 mm、2.9±0.2 mm;A型内膜比例分别为53.57%、46.43%、67.64%;用药48 h后血雌激素浓度分别为1 141.5±246.4 pmol/L、1 220.3±247.7 pmol/L、1 746.8±247.3 pmol/L;妊娠率分别为14.29%、17.86%、26.47%,均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。用药48 h后直径15 mm的卵泡个数分别为1.1±0.5、1.2±0.5、1.2±0.5、1.1±0.5,对照组与治疗组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。联合用药组子宫内膜厚度、A型内膜比例、用药48 h后血雌激素浓度、妊娠率均大于补佳乐组和芬吗通组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经阴道补充雌激素可一定程度上提高血雌激素浓度,改变子宫内膜容受性,有助于胚胎着床,提高妊娠率,从而改善妊娠结局。     

诱导排卵周期子宫内膜厚度和类型与生育力的关系:单独应用氯菧酚胺及与hMG联合应用的影响

作者对271例474个宫腔内授精(IUI)周期前瞻性分析了注射hCG日阴道超声下子宫内膜厚度和类型与妊娠率、继续妊娠率、诱导排卵方案、优势卯泡数、血雌二醇(E_2)水平的关系。自然周期23个,诱导排卵周期451个,其中hMG周期49个,氯菧酚(CC)周期197个,hMG与CC合用255周期。四组平均年龄,不育期限,IUI指征及不育病因分布皆相仿。注射hCG指征为优势卵泡≥18mm(CC组)或≥15mm(hMG组及hCG CC联用组)。内膜厚度为阴道超声下通过宫体中心纵轴测得。内膜类型按Gonen和Casper法分为三型:A型多层     

促排卵过程中子宫内膜厚度变化对IVF-ET结局的影响

目的:探讨促排卵过程中子宫内膜厚度变化趋势对IVF结局的影响,以及不同促排卵方案对子宫内膜厚度变化趋势的影响。方法:回顾性分析1 173个IVF-ET周期,控制性促排卵方案包括:长方案(568例)、口服避孕药(OC)+GnRHa方案(425例)、拮抗剂方案(107例)和超长方案(73例)。比较各种促排卵方案的妊娠组与非妊娠组的子宫内膜厚度变化情况,包括Gn启动当日、启动后第5日、hCG注射日及子宫内膜差值1(=启动后第5日内膜厚度-启动当日内膜厚度)、子宫内膜差值2(=hCG注射日内膜厚度-启动后第5日内膜厚度)、子宫内膜差值3(=hCG注射日内膜厚度-启动当日内膜厚度)。结果:hCG注射日子宫内膜厚度妊娠组均较未妊娠组显著增加(P<0.05);Gn启动当日子宫内膜厚度、促排卵第5日子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜厚度差值1、差值2、差值3妊娠组与未妊娠组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:促排卵过程中子宫内膜厚度的变化趋势不能预测IVF结果,不同的促排卵方案不影响子宫内膜厚度的变化趋势。     

枸橼酸克罗米芬对子宫内膜厚度及子宫内膜超声回声图像的影响

枸橼酸克罗米芬(clomlphene citrate,CC)是诱导卵泡生长和促排卵药物,但在排卵率与妊娠成功数之间存在着差异。为研究CC对子宫内膜的影响,分析79例不育症患者在自然排卵周期(对照周期)及CC治疗周期(CC周期)的子宫内膜超声回声图像。经基础体温(BBT)测定、血清孕酮(P)水平及子宫内膜组织学检测证实:在对照周期中,患者均有自发排卵及正常黄体功能。每例于排卵前1～3天(增生晚期)及排卵后6～8天(分泌中期)行超声检查及用放免法(RIA)测定血清E_2。于排卵前2～4天,用     

Letrozole versus clomiphene citrate for superovulation in Egyptian women with unexplained infertility: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives

To compare the efficacy of letrozole with clomiphene citrate (CC) in Egyptian women with unexplained infertility.

Study design

This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospital and Dar Al Hekma hospital between February 2010 and May 2011.

Patients and methods

Two hundreds and seventy women with unexplained infertility were randomized into two groups using computer-generated randomization plan, and were given letrozole 2.5?mg/day from cycle day 3 to 7 (Letrozole group, n?=?136) or CC 100?mg/day from cycle day 3 to 7 (CC group, n?=?134). On day 9, the participants underwent a transvaginal sonography (TVS) every other day to monitor their ovulation and measure both endometrial thickness and Doppler flow indices of uterine and subendometrial vessels. Single injection of 10,000?IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was given when the mean diameter of at least one ovarian follicle was ≥18?mm, quantitative βhCG was done 2?weeks after hCG injection to diagnose chemical pregnancy. Clinical pregnancy was confirmed by observing a gestational sac with fetal echoes and pulsation 4?weeks after positive pregnancy test by TVS.

Results

Both groups were comparable with regard to the day of hCG administration (letrozole 13.4?±?5 vs CC 12.1?±?4.9, respectively, p?=?0.06). The mean number of mature follicles was significantly higher in CC group (2?±?0.9 vs 1?±?0.0, P?=?0.02). Serum estradiol was significantly greater in CC group (817?±?299 vs 364?±?149?pg/ml, P?<?0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in letrozole group (23.07 vs 10.68?%, P?<?0.001). There was statistically significant increase in endometrial receptivity in letrozole group as assessed by endometrial thickness and Doppler flow indices of uterine and subendometrial vessels. No serious side effects were reported in either group.

Conclusion

Letrozole has beneficial effect on endometrium, an action that may improve the implantation and pregnancy rates in women with unexplained infertility.     

补佳乐联合复方氨维胶囊对薄型子宫内膜不孕症者妊娠结局的改善

目的:探讨补佳乐联合复方氨维胶囊对子宫内膜厚度及妊娠率的影响。方法:经B超监测有排卵发生但子宫内膜厚度<7 mm的不孕患者,随机分为补佳乐组(月经第7日给予补佳乐至排卵后2周)、氨基酸组(以复方氨维胶囊代替补佳乐)及联合用药(同时服用补佳乐和复方氨维胶囊)组,观察内膜生长情况及妊娠率。结果:共纳入患者142例,补佳乐组46例,氨基酸组48例,联合用药组48例,3组患者用药后子宫内膜厚度均较服药前增加(6.11±0.62 mmvs 8.03±1.34 mm、6.09±0.57 mm vs 7.94±1.28 mm、6.08±0.76 mm vs 8.93±1.47 mm),差异均显著(P<0.05)。联合用药组服药前、后的子宫内膜增加幅度及妊娠率均高于补佳乐组及氨基酸组,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:复方氨维胶囊联合补佳乐可一定程度提高子宫内膜厚度,有助于胚胎着床,增加妊娠率,从而改善妊娠结局。     

来曲唑联合促性腺激素用于行宫腔内人工授精的排卵障碍者的促排卵研究

目的:探讨来曲唑在促排卵过程中的功效。方法:100例不孕症常规检查确诊为女性排卵障碍并接受超促排卵及IUI的不孕患者,随机分为A组(50例):口服来曲唑(LE)+hMG,B组(50例):口服氯米芬(CC)+hMG,分别监测hCG注射日子宫内膜的厚度、形态、血E2、P水平,分别统计排卵率及妊娠率。结果:A组血清中雌激素水平明显较低,hCG注射日子宫内膜较厚。直径>17mm卵泡数组间无明显差异,临床妊娠率也无明显差异。结论:对因女性排卵障碍引起的不孕,用LE或CC促排卵,其获卵数和临床妊娠率无差异,但用LE促排卵,可以减少CC抗雌激素样作用对子宫内膜的不良影响,使子宫内膜有较好的容受性,有利于妊娠。     

Prospective evaluation of the ultrasound appearance of the endometrium in a cohort of 1,186 infertile women

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of differences in endometrial thickness and pattern as visualized with present-day high-resolution transvaginal ultrasound equipment on the outcome of assisted reproductive treatment. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two large infertility units in university hospitals. PATIENT(S): The endometrial characteristics of 981 patients during 1,600 assisted reproductive treatment cycles were compared with those of 205 untreated women. In addition, abnormal echogenic patterns of the endometrium were characterized histologically in 44 patients. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): The endometrium was significantly thinner in untreated women and women treated with IUI than in women treated with IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The exponential proliferation of the endometrium was similar in conception and nonconception cycles. The odds for a successful pregnancy were significantly lower in the presence of a thin endometrium in women treated with IUI but not in women treated with the long stimulation protocol for IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Singleton pregnancies were more common than multiple pregnancies in patients with thin endometria. CONCLUSION(S): The pregnancy rates of assisted reproductive procedures are influenced only marginally by the degree of endometrial proliferation, and treatment should not be canceled because of inadequate endometrial thickness.     

Effect of clomiphene citrate on endometrium thickness and echogenic patterns.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on the thickness and echogenic pattern of the endometrium using vaginal sonography. METHOD: In this experimental prospective study, CC was given to 31 women with unexplained infertility. Thickness and echo patterns of the endometrium, as well as estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels, were compared in women taking CC and in control patients during both the late proliferative and midsecretory phases of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Endometrial thickness was significantly thinner in women taking CC (P<0.03) than in controls during the late proliferative phase but there was no significant difference during the midsecretory phase. The endometrial echogenic patterns of women taking CC who had conceived revealed endometrial thicknesses of grade III and grade IV on midsecretory days, but these findings were not significantly different from those of women who had not conceived (P=0.3). Serum E2 level was higher in women taking CC than in the controls on both late proliferative and midsecretory days (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CC affects endometrium thickness on late proliferative days but not on midsecretory days, and does not alter the echogenic pattern of the endometrium.     

滋阴补阳序贯法联合西药促排卵对PCOS患者的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨滋阴补阳序贯法联合西药促排卵对PCOS患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析72例多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者122个促排卵周期患者的临床资料,所有患者均于促排卵前后使用滋阴补阳中药进行序贯治疗。根据促排卵方案不同分为4组,A组:克罗米芬(CC)+促性腺激素(Gn)(n=71),B组:来曲唑(LE)+Gn(n=30),C组:CC(n=14),D组:Gn(n=7),比较各组间临床和实验室指标。结果:4组妊娠率比较:C组A组B组D组;Gn用量比较:D组B组A组,hCG注射日子宫内膜厚度:A组D组B组C组,但各指标组间比较均无统计学差异(P0.05),促排天数A组显著高于其它3组(P0.05)。hCG注射日子宫内膜厚度7 mm的比例CC组显著高于其它3组(P0.05)。4组未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征(LUFS)发生率、未启动率均无统计学差异(P0.05),无OHSS发生。按妊娠结局分组比较:bE2及bLH水平妊娠组未孕组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。妊娠组子宫内膜厚度显著高于未孕组,各组中A型内膜比例显著高于其它类型内膜。结论:对PCOS患者选择滋阴补阳序贯法联合CC+Gn促排卵能减少Gn用量,降低卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率,增加子宫内膜厚度,改善子宫内膜容受性,提高妊娠率。     

N-acetylcysteine as an adjuvant to clomiphene citrate for successful induction of ovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration as an adjuvant to clomiphene citrate (CC) on induction of ovulation outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Material and Methods: In this placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial, 180 PCOS infertile patients were randomly divided into two groups for induction of ovulation. Patients in group 1 received CC 100?mg/d plus NAC 1.2?g/d and patients in group 2 received CC plus placebo for 5?days starting at day 3 of the cycle. On the 12th day of the menstrual cycle in the presence of at least one follicle with an 18-20-mm diameter in ultrasound evaluation, 10?000?U hCG was injected intramuscularly and timed intercourse was advised 36?h after hCG injection. Serum β-hCG level was measured on the 16th day after hCG injection. Results: The number of follicles >18?mm and the mean endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration were significantly higher among the CC+NAC group (P-value?=?0.001). The ovulation and pregnancy rates were also significantly higher in the CC+NAC group (P-value?=?0.02 and 0.04, respectively). No adverse side-effects and no cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were observed in the group receiving NAC. Conclusion: NAC as a safe and well-tolerated adjuvant to CC for induction of ovulation can improve the ovulation and pregnancy rates in PCOS patients. It may also have some beneficial impacts on endometrial thickness.     

Endometrial development was improved by transdermal estradiol in patients treated with clomiphene citrate.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of transdermal estrogen therapy on the endometrial thickness and serum hormone levels in anovulatory patients treated with clomiphene citrate (CC). There was a significant difference in endometrial thickness between the CC + transdermal estrogen group and the CC only group from day -2 to day +2. Serum estradiol (E2) levels in the CC + transdermal estrogen group were significantly higher than those in the CC only group on day -2 and day 0. Our results support that addition of transdermal E2 to the treatment protocol of the women treated with CC elicited a favorable response of the endometrium.