卵巢硬化性间质瘤CT表现与病理对照

目的探讨卵巢硬化性间质瘤(SST)CT影像特征和病理对照,从而提高对SST诊断水平。方法搜集病理证实为SST患者11例,全部病例均行下腹部CT平扫及增强扫描,并对靶病灶进行薄层重建,分析其CT表现。结果 11例SST均为单发,其中右侧7例,左侧4例,CT表现为附件区不规则孤立肿块,边缘尚清,密度欠均匀,9例均为实性,2例为囊实性;增强扫描:9例病灶动脉期呈周边斑片状、结节状明显强化,强化程度与血管相仿,静脉期强化进一步向病灶中心充填,呈"肝脏海绵状血管瘤"样强化;2例病灶动脉期轻中度均匀强化,静脉期持续强化,11例病灶均呈"快进慢出"强化特点,病灶周边见多发迂曲增粗血管影。结论卵巢硬化性间质瘤少见,卵巢硬化性间质瘤CT增强检查多数具有较典型影像学表现,CT检查对其术前诊断有较高价值。     

卵巢硬化性间质瘤CT诊断

目的:探讨卵巢硬化性间质瘤(SST)的CT表现.方法:回顾性分析3例经手术病理证实的卵巢硬化性间质瘤CT表现.结果:3例均为单发,肿瘤呈实性2例,囊实性1例.平扫肿块密度不均,动态增强扫描肿块边缘部分早期明显强化,延迟扫描呈持续性显著强化,2例实性肿块轻度向心性延迟强化,1例囊变区无强化.结论:SST动态增强扫描具有特征性强化表现,CT可提示本病的诊断.     

卵巢硬化性间质瘤的CT特征性表现及与病理对照分析

目的 探讨卵巢硬化性间质瘤(OSST)的CT特征性表现及与病理结果的对照分析,提高对该病的认识.方法 分析7例硬化性间质瘤患者的临床病理资料及CT表现,总结其特征性CT表现及相应的病理基础.结果 OSST多为类圆形囊实性肿块,与周围组织境界清晰,增强扫描动脉期呈明显结节状或乳头状强化,静脉期对比剂向内推进,呈渐进性、向...     

卵巢非上皮性肿瘤的影像诊断与病理对照研究

目的 分析卵巢非上皮性肿瘤的影像表现与病理结果,提高对卵巢非上皮性肿瘤的影像诊断与鉴别诊断.方法 收集经手术病理证实的卵巢非上皮肿瘤患者34例,分析其影像特征,并与病理对照.结果 畸胎瘤13例,卵巢颗粒细胞瘤6例,卵巢纤维瘤6例,卵泡膜细胞瘤5例,无性细胞瘤2例,卵巢内胚窦瘤2例;各种卵巢非上皮性肿瘤各有其影像及临床特征.结论 卵巢非上皮性肿瘤CT及MR表现有一定的特征性,结合发病年龄、临床症状及生化检查,可作出定性诊断.     

卵巢少见原发性肿瘤的MR表现

目的探讨卵巢少见原发性肿瘤的MR表现及特征,并与病理学对照,以提高对该类疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断能力。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例卵巢少见原发性肿瘤的MR表现并复习相关文献。结果卵巢淋巴瘤1例,表现双侧附件区T1WI等信号T2WI稍高信号软组织肿块影,信号均匀,边缘光滑。无性细胞瘤2例,表现为盆腔巨大实性软组织肿块影,呈T1WI等、低信号,T2WI呈等-稍高信号,中心可见少量囊变坏死区。卵巢wolffian管瘤1例,表现为不规则浅分叶状软组织肿块影,边界清晰,呈T1WI等略低信号T2WI等、高信号影。卵巢Brener瘤1例,盆腔内软组织肿块影,呈T1WI等信号T2WI略低信号,病灶中心可见斑片状T1WI低信号T2WI低信号提示钙化灶。CT平扫表现为类圆形实性肿块,边界清晰,瘤体内见不规则斑片状钙化。硬化性间质瘤1例,表现为盆腔内巨大软组织肿块影,呈T1WI高低混杂信号T2WI高低混杂信号影。结论 MRI对卵巢少见原发肿瘤的定位以及定性有着无可替代的优势,是目前最为可靠的术前检查手段,能充分显示病变与周围组织的关系,但最后确诊仍须结合临床及完整的病理资料分析。     

盆腔内胃肠道间质瘤超声诊断

目的探讨女性盆腔内胃肠道间质瘤(GISTs)的超声表现及误诊原因。方法对手术病理证实的6例盆腔内GISTs患者的超声图像,结合临床病史进行分析。结果超声表现:1)5例肿块表现为低回声,血流信号丰富,1例表现为中低回声,血流信号中等,阻力指数(RI)均表现为低阻力;2)6例肿块均与子宫及双侧卵巢分界清。其中一肿块内可见"彗星尾征"。结论盆腔内胃肠道间质瘤在超声图像上多表现为低阻低回声,血流信号丰富;包块与子宫及双侧卵巢均分界清晰;肿块内出现"彗星尾征"可作为胃肠道间质瘤与小肠相通的特有征象。     

卵巢Brenner瘤CT表现及与病理对照研究

探讨卵巢Brenner瘤的CT表现,并与病理结果对照,提高该病的诊断水平。资料与方法回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的卵巢Brenner瘤患者的CT表现,7例患者均行CT增强扫描,并对其CT表现与病理进行对照分析。结果 7例卵巢Brenner瘤均为单发病灶。5例为单纯良性卵巢Brenner瘤,1例为单纯交界性卵巢Brenner瘤,1例为混合性卵巢Brenner瘤(卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤伴Brenner瘤)。5例单纯性良性卵巢Brenner瘤CT平扫均表现为类圆形实性肿块影,边界清晰,瘤体内均见不定形钙化,增强后轻度强化;1例单纯交界性卵巢Brenner瘤CT平扫为囊实性,实性成分可见斑点钙化,增强后实性成分明显强化,囊性成分无强化;1例混合性卵巢Brenner瘤CT检查除可见卵巢黏液性囊腺瘤的影像特点外,右侧附件区见一圆形实性肿块影,边界清晰,瘤体内见多发点状钙化,增强后轻度强化。结论卵巢Brenner瘤的CT表现与病理存在一定的相关性,CT有助于诊断卵巢Brenner瘤。     

卵巢性索间质肿瘤的CT表现与病理对照研究

目的 探讨卵巢性索间质肿瘤的CT表现并与术后病理进行对照分析,以提高术前诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的卵巢性索间质肿瘤的临床资料、CT表现、术后病理,对颗粒细胞瘤与卵泡膜细胞瘤-纤维瘤的平扫CT值与增强后强化程度ACT值进行比较分析.结果 (1)颗粒细胞瘤7例;(2)卵泡膜细胞瘤3例、纤维-卵泡膜纤维瘤11例12枚;(3)Sertoli-Leydig细胞瘤1例;(4)类固醇细胞瘤1例,在CT上具有一些特征性表现,且与术后病理相对应.颗粒细胞瘤与卵泡膜细胞瘤-纤维瘤的平扫CT值无明显差异(t=1.487,P=0.157),颗粒细胞瘤增强后强化程度△CT值较卵泡膜细胞瘤-纤维瘤高(t=2.528,P=0.041).结论 卵巢性索间质肿瘤具有一定的CT特点,符合其病理表现,结合临床资料,有助于术前初步诊断.     

椎管神经鞘瘤的MR表现及分型

目的:研究椎管神经鞘瘤的MR表现及分型。方法:对比60 例(66个肿瘤)椎管神经鞘瘤的MR表现与病理改变。结果:T1WI呈等或稍低信号、T2 信号高于脊髓、增强为均匀强化31 个肿瘤,病理证实为实质性肿瘤;T1 、T2WI整个信号强度与CSF相似、增强为环状强化13个肿瘤,病理为囊性肿瘤;T1、T2 信号强度不均匀、增强呈环状和肿块状强化21个肿瘤,病理为囊、实性肿瘤。结论:椎管神经鞘瘤的MR表现分为3型能客观地反映其病理特征,更有助于与很少囊变、多数表现为与脊髓呈等信号的脊膜瘤鉴别     

卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤的CT诊断

卵巢肿瘤种类较多,病理分类较复杂,可分为以下四类:上皮源性肿瘤、生殖细胞肿瘤、性索间质肿瘤和转移瘤。卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤是起源于卵巢性索间质的良性肿瘤,恶性很少,占全部卵巢肿瘤的0.5%～1.0%,据有关文献报道不超过4%。临床表现无特异性,术前诊断不易。笔者收     

补体受体1型的结构功能及sCR1基因克隆表达的策略

补体受体1型（Complement receptor type 1,CR1）具有外源性及内源性活性,既可灭活组装于非自身细胞膜上的C3/C5转化酶,也可灭活自身细胞膜上形成的C3/C5转化酶。CR1是唯一既对经典,替代及植物凝集素（MBL）3个补体激活途径的,对C3/C5转化酶拥有衰变加速活性,又有辅助1因子裂解C3b和C4b作用的补体调节蛋白。对补体分子的过度活化具有抑制和调节作用,在防治补体介导的缺血再灌注损伤以及异种器官移植超急性排斥反应等疾病具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述CR1的结构功能及生物学活性,sCR1基因的克隆与表达及在创伤、缺血再灌注损伤中的应用研究现状。     

Possibilities and limitations of radiology--CT and MRT in cases of tumors of the uterus and ovary

The author describes the present possibilities of computed tomography (CT) and of magnetic resonance (MR) tomography. MR is superior to CT in the visualisation of carcinomas of the cervix and endometrium, especially in the initial stages, whereas in the diagnosis of the spread of tumours (especially the advanced ones) CT yields results similar to those of MR. In carcinoma of the ovary, however, MR has so far not proved to be definitely superior to CT despite the multiplanar visualisation possibilities it offers. It is in fact inferior to CT especially in clarifying the extent of extrapelvic spread. In posttherapeutic diagnostics MR explores new avenues in respect of delineation between scar and recurrence, as initial investigations have shown.     

闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊断与治疗

目的 提高对闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊治水平.方法 报告38例闭合性喉气管断裂伤病例的临床资料,其中急性外伤16例,陈旧性外伤22例.对临床易发生的问题进行分析.结果 38例中16例急性喉外伤在24～48小时之间行手术治疗,22例陈旧性喉外伤因其它原因在32～129天后行手术治疗.35例手术成功拔管,3例因喉气管狭窄手术失败不能拔管,均为陈旧期手术患者.结论 对于急性闭合性喉气管断裂伤应根据其病情轻重程度进行早期处理,尽快恢复喉和气管通气功能,预防后遗症及并发症的发生,提高治愈率.     

Accuracy of digital and film panoramic radiographs for assessment of position and morphology of mandibular third molars and prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies

OBJECTIVES: To compare the accuracy of digital and film panoramic radiographs for determining (1) the position and morphology of mandibular third molars before surgical removal and (2) the prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-eight third mandibular molars were available for examination. Position and morphology of third molars observed on film radiographs and on digital panoramic images from five systems (DenOptix, DigiDent, Digora, Dimax2 and Orthophos Plus) were recorded by two observers and were compared with surgeons' findings at the time of the operation (gold standard). One observer further recorded the prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies on both imaging modalities. RESULTS: Few differences were found between the digital and film-based panoramic systems in the assessment of accuracy of position and morphology of mandibular third molars. The prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies determined with the two modalities was roughly similar. CONCLUSION: The five digital panoramic systems evaluated in this study were equally as useful for third molar treatment planning and diagnosis of dental anomalies and pathologies as conventional film-based panoramic radiographs.     

Science and medicine of canoeing and kayaking

Canoeing and kayaking are upper-body sports that make varying demands on the body, depending on the type of contest and the distance covered. The shorter events (500 m) are primarily anaerobic (2 minutes of exercise), calling for powerful shoulder muscles with a high proportion of fast-twitch fibres. In contrast, 10,000 m events call for aerobic work to be performed by the arms. Such contestants need a high proportion of slow-twitch fibres, and an ability to develop close to 100% of their leg maximum oxygen intake when paddling. In slalom and whitewater contests, the value of physiological testing is somewhat limited, since performance is strongly influenced by experience and the ability to make precisely judged rapid paddling efforts under considerable emotional stress. Paddlers face dangers from their hostile cold water environment; causes of fatalities (drowning, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation and hypothermia) are briefly reviewed. Medical problems include provision of adequate nutrition and a clean water supply, effects of repeated immersion (softening of the skin, blistering, paronychial infections, sinusitis, otitis), varicose veins (secondary to thoracic fixation) and hazards of exposure to fibreglass and polystyrene in the home workshop. Surgical problems include muscle sprains and mechanical injuries (haemotomas, lacerations, contusions, concussion, and fractures).     

创伤性膈疝合并胸腔胃破裂的早期诊断与急救

对创伤性膈疝合并胸腔胃破裂的致伤原因、临床表现、早期诊断与急救进行回顾性分析.认为早期诊断、及时救治,妥善处理腹部其他合并伤是增加治愈率,减少并发症,降低死亡率的关键.     

阑尾黏液性肿瘤的CT和MRI诊断及良恶性鉴别

【摘要】目的：探讨阑尾黏液性肿瘤的CT及MRI特征,并分析其良、恶性鉴别要点。方法：回顾性分析67例经病理证实的阑尾黏液性肿瘤的临床资料,其中黏液腺癌27例,黏液性囊腺瘤22例,低级别黏液性肿瘤18例。分组对照分析CT及MRI征象并行Logistic回归分析性别、年龄、部位、大小、形态、境界、根蒂和囊壁（厚度、均匀度、光滑度、完整度）、内容物（壁结节、分隔、钙化、囊液、气体）、强化（强度、均匀性、方式）、腹水、淋巴结等因素与良、恶性的相关性。结果：黏液腺癌多表现为长茄子形,最大径6.5cm（2.9～11.2cm）,长径与短径比值平均2.5。27例均囊壁不光整,边界不清,强化不均匀,多伴附壁结节样（n=11）或分隔条絮样强化（n=13）,钙化(n=17)以囊内颗粒状多见（n=14）,部分可见囊壁破裂形成腹腔假性黏液瘤（n=12）及腹腔种植转移（n=8）。黏液性囊腺瘤多为球形,最大径3.5cm（2.2～9.5cm）,长径与短径比值平均1.65,囊壁相对光整,边界相对较清,强化较均匀;钙化（n=17）多为附壁蛋壳样钙化（n=11）,腹水少见。低级别黏液性肿瘤恶性度较低,影像表现介于黏液腺癌与囊腺瘤之间, 1例穿孔但未见腹腔种植转移。Logistic回归分析提示良性组的根蒂和囊壁均匀度、光滑度及其强化均匀性与恶性组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:阑尾黏液性肿瘤病理上分为上述三类,CT、MRI表现有一定特征性,但术前相互鉴别困难;根蒂和囊壁的均匀度、光滑度及强化均匀性等因素对判断良恶性有帮助,由于样本量有限,其他因素的鉴别价值有待进一步研究。