慢性酒精所致精神障碍患者的个性特征

对50例慢性酒精所致精神障碍住院患者作艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）测定。结果发现，P、E和L量表分显著较常模为高，N量表分显著较常模为低。且P、L的低分（＜43．3，下同）显著较少，高分（＞56．7，下同）显著较多；E高分也显著较多；N低分显著较多，高分显著较少（P均wto．of～0．05）．讨论：本研究结果表明，慢性酒培所致精神障碍患者的个性在三种维度方面表现出与正常人有明显的不同，其中E、P量表分明显高于常模组，N量表分则显著低于常模组，显示出一种外倾稳定带有精神病质的个体特征。根据艾森免个性理论，此反映了这类人自我控…     

阿片相关性障碍的人格特征及伏隔核毁损手术对其的影响（附26例分析）

目的观察伏隔核毁损手术对阿片相关性障碍病人的人格影响。方法选择我院手术治疗的男性病人26例，手术前后采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）施测，调查3个人格维度[内外向（E）、神经质（N）及精神质（P）]和1个效度量表（L）。结果术前E标准分平均为（55．96±12．89）分，N为（64．81±11．27）分，P为（62．50±8．51）分，L为（40．19±9，85）分；术前、术后粗分与常模比较，E、N、P、L差异有统计学意义。手术前后自身对照分析结果显示：仅N分差异有统计学意义：术后N标准分下降16例，平均下降12．25分。结论手术前病人呈不稳定、偏外向人格。手术矫治了部分病人的病理性心理症状，使EPQ的N分下降，病人不稳定型人格特质改善。手术未使病人外倾、精神质高分、掩饰性偏低等人格特征改变。     

西安市公安局刑警心理健康状况与个性特征的相关研究

目的：为了解西安市公安局刑警的心理健康总体状况。方法：本研究使用SCL-90症状自评量表和艾森克人格问卷，对西安市公安局267名刑警进行了问卷测查。结果：表明被试除人际敏感因子以外，SCL-90其余8个因子的得分均显高于全国常模。得分为P维度分显高于全国常模，N维度分显低于全国常模。且SCL-90各因子分与N维度分呈显正相关，与E维度分呈显正相关，与P和L维度分相关不明显。结论：西安市公安局刑警的心理不健康症状较明显，且该症状和他们的个性特征密切相关。     

酒中毒患者明尼苏达多相人格测查表测试结果的聚类分析

为了解酒中毒患者的人格特点及其与临床的关系，评价与正常人的个性差异，采用明尼苏达多相人格测查表（ＭＭＰＩ）中国修订版，对１５０例酒中毒患者进行测试，并与全国常模对照。结果显示，酒中毒组的精神病态、偏执、抑郁、精神衰弱量表分升高非常明显（Ｔ分＞６０），呈现４、６、２、７型剖面图。各量表分聚类分析，将１５０例酒中毒患者分为５类。酒中毒患者临床表现与ＭＭＰＩ测试结果相符，提示酒中毒群体有较明显的人格偏离常态     

贫困大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系

目的探讨贫困大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系,旨在为其人格与心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用艾森克人格量表（EPQ）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）,抽取吉林某高校450名贫困大学生进行调查。结果贫困大学生E分数显著高于常模（t男=2.26,t女=10.20,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,女性N分数显著高于常模（t女=6.85,P〈0.01）,男女生P分数与男生N分数与常模差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;SCL-90的9个因子分均值均显著高于国内青年常模（t=2.95～7.41,P〈0.01）;P、N分量表与SCL各因子分别呈显著正相关（r=0.17～0.61,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,E分量表SCL的6个因子呈显著负相关（r=-0.14～-0.27,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;P、N维度对心理健康水平具有显著的预测作用（P〈0.01）。结论贫困大学生人格偏外向,好交际,女生情绪欠稳定;其心理健康水平低于全国青年的平均水平,且较多地受到人格特征中情绪性与精神病质的影响。     

内观疗法治疗酒依赖

目的 探讨内观疗法治疗酒依赖患者的疗效。方法 采用明尼苏达多项人格调查表测试了１２例酒依赖患者，并与全国常模对照，应用集中内观治疗。结果 成功７例，失效５例。 结论 内观治疗是一种对酒依赖较为有效的方法。     

酒依赖患者人格特征及酒依赖程度的影响因素分析

目的:探索酒依赖患者的人格特征,以及酒依赖程度的影响因素。方法:运用明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI)和酒依赖筛查量表(MAST)测查150例住院酒依赖患者(研究组)进行评估并与正常人(对照组)进行比较。以年龄、受教育年限、病程、发病年龄、饮酒时间、每日饮酒量以及MMPI 10个临床量表分作自变量,依次将酒依赖患者MAST 5个因子分作为因变量,进行多元逐步回归分析。结果:研究组的校正量表分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),诈病、疑病、抑郁、癔症、精神病态、偏执、神经衰弱、精神分裂、轻躁狂量表分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,对饮酒问题的认识分与Pa、Pt、饮酒时间、受教育年限存在相关性(P均0.05);工作社会分与Hy、Pt存在相关性(P均0.05);肝脏疾患分与D、受教育年限存在相关性(P均0.05)。结论:酒依赖患者有明显的人格偏离,某些人格特质、受教育时间和持续饮酒时间影响患者酒依赖程度。     

合并抑郁的乳腺癌患者人格特征及应对方式的相关研究

目的调查合并抑郁的乳腺癌患者人格特征类型及应对方式,探讨其人格特征、应对方式与抑郁之间的相关性。方法采用分层随机抽样在济宁市各级医院抽取合并抑郁的乳腺癌患者为被试,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)和医学应对问卷(MCMQ)对被试的人格特征、抑郁症状和应对方式进行调查。结果 (1)合并抑郁情绪的乳腺癌患者精神质(P)、神经质(N)和掩饰性(L)维度评分与全国常模比较差异均有统计学意义(t=1.66、7.40、-8.40,P0.05或0.01);(2)合并抑郁的乳腺癌患者MCMQ各维度评分与全国常模比较差异均有统计学意义(t=-7.33、12.19、8.65,P均0.01);(3)MCMQ面对维度与内外向(E)和L维度评分呈正相关(r=0.44、0.49,P均0.05),回避维度与P维度、N维度和L维度评分呈正相关(r=0.28、0.35、0.27,P均0.05);(4)EPQ-RSC的P和N维度与SDS评分呈正相关(r=0.31、0.55,P0.05)。结论合并抑郁的乳腺癌患者人格特征类型越极端,越倾向于采取消极的应对方式,抑郁症状更明显。     

人格个性因素对癌症患者疼痛行为和情感障碍的影响

目的：探讨人格个性因素对癌症患者疼痛行为和情感障碍的影响。方法：采用“癌症疼痛调查表”、汉密顿情感量表、生活事件量表、艾森克个性问卷和A型行为问卷对患者进行调查。结果：性别和文化程度不同，其焦虑抑郁情感障碍和疼痛行为差异显著。P，N，E量表分越高，疼痛程度和焦虑抑郁障碍也越严重。A型行为者焦虑抑郁情感障碍和疼痛的表现程度也较重。神经质个性者及精神不稳定个性者与其焦虑抑郁情感障碍及疼痛行为明显相关。结论：患者病理性人格、负性情感反应和个性人格特征对疼痛的控制和病情的转归将产生消极影响。     

2型糖尿病人C型行为的初步研究

本研究首次使用C型行为量表对糖尿病患者的个性、情绪和行为特征进行研究.结果表明,2型糖尿病组病人在焦虑、抑郁、愤怒、愤怒内向、控制分量表得分明显高于对照组;在愤怒外向、乐观分量表得分明显低于对照组.本研究表明,2型糖尿病人具有C型行为人格特征,情绪反应和行为模式的特点.提示2型糖尿病人形成这种易患人格特征与其童年经历有关,使得他们在同样的应激刺激下心理反应不适当,容易出现消极的情绪变化,导致多种拮抗胰岛素的激素的分泌增加,进而直接影响胰岛素的分泌或扰乱糖代谢,引起血糖的升高,诱发糖尿病或使已有的糖尿病病情恶化。     

Temperament- und Charakter-Merkmale sowie -Merkmalmuster bei alkoholkranken Männern und Kontrollen

This study is on the personality of alcoholics, an empirical investigation based on Cloninger's biopsychological temperament- and character-traits. His Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was applied to 94 detoxified men suffering from primary alcohol dependence as well as to controls matched for sex and sociodemographic data. The following questions were the matter of interest: (1) Do alcoholics and controls differ in their personality as reflected by the TCI and (2) are there indicators based on personality with potential relevance for differential therapies? A multiple univariate statistical comparison yielded significant differences between alcoholics and controls on only 2 subscales (Sentimentality, Resourcefulness). A multivariate analysis of the TCI temperament traits using two-sample configural frequency analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Temperament patterns associated with Cloninger's Type-I/Type-II alcoholics could not be demonstrated. Analyzing the temperament and character traits of the alcohol dependent subjects with a log-linear model revealed two bivariate temperament-/character classifications on the scales "Harm Avoidance" and "Self-Directedness" as well as "Reward Dependence" and "Self Transcendence"-both making it possible to define subgroups which may be relevant for different therapeutical approaches. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that it may be useful to closer investigate the personality of alcoholics even if it is not principally different from that of control subjects.     

Personality traits of patients with mood and anxiety disorders

Although it is well established that personality traits of patients with mental disorder differ significantly from the traits of other persons, differences in personality characteristics between different mental disorders have not been examined very thoroughly. In this study, we examine personality traits in a large sample of outpatients (N=640) with mood and anxiety disorders in differing patterns of comorbidity, using the five-factor model of personality. Mood and anxiety disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Inventory, and personality traits were assessed with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Most of the mean scores on the NEO-FFI scales of the study population were found to be significantly different from the scale scores of the general population. Few differences between NEO-FFI scores for differing patterns of mood and anxiety disorders were found. However, clear differences were found for subjects with one (mood or anxiety) disorder, subjects with two, and subjects with three or more disorders. Neuroticism and agreeableness differed considerably in subjects with one disorder compared with subjects with two or more disorders. The main conclusion is that personality traits appear to be associated with comorbidity and less so with any specific disorder.     

Personality profiles among normal aged individuals as measured by the NEO-PI-R

The revised Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness (O) to experience Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) is a multidimensional measure of normal personality traits that is intended to assess five major personality dimensions or domains-N, E, O, Agreeableness (A), and Conscientiousness (C). Although several studies have been conducted examining N, E, and O factors in people 65 through to 85 years old, there has been little research examining all five-core domains of personality in individuals 85 and older. We compared the NEO-PI-R domains and facet traits in the middle-aged/young-old versus old-old normal subjects. Thirty-eight community-dwelling subjects (22 women, 16 men) free from major neuropsychiatric disorders were given the NEO-PI-R, a self-administered 240-item personality inventory, assessing 30 facet traits within the five domains. We compared the scores of 21 middle-aged and young-old (age 50-84) individuals, to those of 17 old-old (age 85-100) subjects. The personality profiles of the two groups were similar except that the old-old group had lower scores on Extraversion, and four of the 30 facet traits (warmth, positive emotions, impulsiveness, and order) compared to the middle-aged/young-old group. These results were limited by the cross-sectional design and small sample size. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that the middle-aged/young-old and the old-old normal subjects have fairly similar personality traits.     

Risk profiles of personality traits for suicidality among mood disorder patients and community controls

Objective

To examine the associations between personality traits and suicidal ideation (SI) and attempt (SA) in mood disorder patients and community controls.

Method

We recruited 365 bipolar, 296 major depressive disorder patients, and 315 community controls to assess their lifetime suicidality. Participants filled out self‐reported personality questionnaires to collect data of personality traits, including novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), extraversion (E), and neuroticism (N). We used logistic regression models adjusted for diagnoses to analyze combinational effects of personality traits on the risk of suicide. Additionally, radar charts display personality profiles for suicidal behaviours by groups.

Results

All personality traits were associated with the risk of suicidality with various effect size, except for E that showed protective effect. High N or HA had prominent and independent risk effects on SI and SA. Combinations of high N and low E, or high HA and NS were the risk personality profiles for suicidality. Higher N scores further distinguished SA from SI in mood disorder patients.

Conclusion

Introvert personality traits showed independent risk effects on suicidality regardless of diagnosis status. Among high‐risk individuals with suicidal thoughts, higher neuroticism tendency is further associated with increased risk of suicide attempt.     

慢性酒依赖患者的失匹配负波改变与其人格特征的关系

目的:探讨慢性酒依赖(CAD)患者失匹配负波(MMN)改变与其人格特征的关系.方法:采用改良的艾森克人格问卷(EPQ-R)对33例CAD患者(CAD组)和33名健康对照志愿者(对照组)进行评估,同时进行事件相关电位(ERP)检测,分析CAD患者MMN指标与其人格特征的关系.结果:CAD组EPQ-R中神经质(N)、精神质...     

Association between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and personality traits in Japanese individuals

It has been reported that personality traits are related to several neurotransmitters. However, the association between personality traits and the central nervous system remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between a polymorphism involving a variable number of tandem repeats in the promoter of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-VNTR) gene and personality traits, as assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Promoter VNTRs in the MAOA were genotyped in 558 healthy Japanese individuals. Females homozygous for high-activity allele (4/4) had significantly higher persistence scores than those homozygous for the low-activity allele (3/3) (p=0.012, ANOVA). Meanwhile no difference in persistence was found between 3 and 4 allele in males. There were no differences between other scores of TCI subscales and MAOA-VNTR polymorphism. Our results suggest a gender-specific contribution of MAOA-VNTR polymorphism to persistence scores.     

Personality and cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in alcoholics and controls.

Alcoholics as a group have been consistently reported to show differences from controls on various personality inventories. Moreover, neurobiologic substrates have been postulated to underlie personality dimensions. Therefore, we compared alcoholics with controls on measures of personality and investigated relationships between measures of personality and cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentrations. The alcoholics were significantly different from controls on many personality measurements. There were significant, negative correlations between interview-derived lifetime aggression scores and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of both the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid. However, there were no significant correlations between any cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentrations and scores on personality inventories.     

Association between monoamine oxidase A polymorphisms and anger-related personality traits in Korean women

It has been suggested that polymorphisms in the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene are associated with aggressive and impulsive behaviors. In the present study, we investigated the association of the MAO-A variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism in the promoter region (MAO-A uVNTR) with anger-related personality traits. Specifically, MAO-A uVNTR polymorphisms were examined for associations with the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) scores in 211 normal Korean women. All subjects were assessed using the STAXI and genotyped for MAO-A uVNTR status. The scores on the STAXI subscales differed significantly among the MAO-A uVNTR polymorphism genotypes in terms of anger expression-out (AX-Out) scores. Post hoc comparisons revealed significant differences between the 3/3 and 4/4, and between 3/4 and 4/4 polymorphisms. However, no significant difference was observed in other STAXI subscale scores among these genotypes. Subjects with the high-activity MAO-A uVNTR had significantly higher AX-Out scores than subjects with other genotypes. MAO-A uVNTR polymorphisms may contribute in part to the expression of anger. These findings support the hypothesis that this polymorphism in the MAO-A gene may be associated with anger-related personality traits in Korean women.     

精神分裂症患者心理防御机制及人格特征

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者的心理防御机制和人格特征以及二者之间的关系.方法 分别运用防御方式问卷(DSQ)和明尼苏达多项个性调查袁(MMPI)对46例精神分裂症患者和45例正常人对照进行防御方式评定和人格特征测定.结果 精神分裂症组同对照组相比,不成熟及中间型防御机制差异有显著性(P＜0.05).精神分裂症患者MMPI中9个量表得分均高于正常对照组;精神分裂症患者的不成熟防御机制同精神病态、偏执、精神分裂、轻躁狂存在显著正相关(P＜0.05);成熟防御机制同社会内向存在负相关;中间型防御机制同癔症呈负相关(P＜0.05),同偏执、轻躁狂呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者更多地使用不成熟防御机制和中间型防御机制,存在病态的人格特征,且二者之间存在明显的相关性.     

Impulsivity and aggression as predictors of suicide attempts in alcoholics

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of impulsive and aggressive behavior in the pathogenesis of suicide attempts in alcoholics. Impulsive and aggressive behavior as well as a psychiatric comorbidity with depressive conditions and personality disorders have been reported to be significant risk factors for suicide attempts in alcoholics. We hypothesized that alcoholics with a history of violent suicide attempts show an increased level of impulsive and aggressive behavior. Furthermore, the potential influence of concurrent personality disorders and depressive conditions were assessed. Material and methods: 182 detoxified alcohol-dependent subjects were enrolled into the study. Impulsive and aggressive traits were assessed using the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and the Brown-Goodwin Assessment for Lifetime History of Aggression, personality disorders using the SCID II. Characteristics of alcohol dependence and suicide attempts were evaluated using the Semi-Structured Assessment on Genetics in Alcoholism (SSAGA). Results: Alcohol-dependent subjects with a history of suicidal behavior show a profile with higher impulsive and aggressive behavior. No significant association between these traits and concurrent borderline and antisocial personality disorder was found. Subjects with suicide attempts tended to have a significantly higher rate of depressive disorders. Discussion: These results suggest that impulsive and aggressive traits might contribute significantly to the risk of suicide attempts in alcoholics. Received: 14 December 2001 / Accepted: 3 April 2002