右美托咪定术中输注对老年患者术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的评价术中静脉注射右美托咪定对老年患者术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的影响。方法选取100例年龄70~85岁的患者,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,于全身麻醉下行腹部手术,且手术时间≤3h。采用随机数字表法,将患者分入对照组和右美托咪定组,每组50例。麻醉诱导采用静脉注射丙泊酚、芬太尼和阿曲库铵,右美托咪定组患者在麻醉诱导前经静脉输液泵注射负荷量右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,20min注射完毕,随后以右美托咪定0.1μg·kg-1·h-1维持至手术结束前30min停止静脉注射。对照组患者给予等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液,术毕前30min内停止。麻醉维持:吸入体积分数为0.01~0.03的七氟烷,静脉注射瑞芬太尼0.05~0.1μg·kg-1·min-1,并间断静脉注射阿曲库铵维持肌肉松弛。分别在术前1d和术后5d利用简易智力状态量表(MMSE)、修订版韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-R)和修订版韦氏记忆量表(WMS-R)进行认知功能测试。记录患者的手术时间、术毕自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔除气管导管时间,以及Riker镇静/躁动评分(SAS评分)。分别于麻醉前(T0)、切皮时(T1)、手术结束时(T2)、术后1h(T3)各时间点取颈内静脉血2mL,测定血清CRP、IL-6水平。计算并比较两组患者POCD的发生率。结果两组间手术时间、术毕自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔除气管导管时间的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。右美托咪定组SAS评分>2分且<5分的构成比显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而POCD发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。右美托咪定组在T2时间点的CPR水平显著高于同组T0时间点(P<0.05),在T2和T3时间点的IL-6水平显著低于同组T0时间点(P值均<0.05);对照组在T2和T3时间点的CPR水平,在T1、T2和T3时间点的IL-6水平显著高于同组T0时间点和右美托咪定组同时间点(P值均<0.05)。对照组术后WAIS-R中的智力全量表评分和WMS-R中的记忆图片评分均显著低于同组术前(P值均<0.05),而右美托咪定组术后各量表评分与术前的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论右美托咪定可减少老年患者早期POCD的发生。     

亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮与右美托咪定对老年骨科全麻患者早期术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的：观察亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮与右美托咪定对老年骨科全麻患者早期术后认知功
能障碍（POCD）的影响,并阐明其相关机制。方法：选择年龄60岁以上择期行骨科手术的全麻
患者120例,随机分为氯胺酮组、右美托咪定组、氯胺酮+右美托咪定组及生理盐水对照组,
每组30例。所有患者均采用全凭静脉麻醉。麻醉前,氯胺酮组患者给予0.5 mg/kg
氯胺酮静脉注射;右美托咪定组患者首先经静脉输注右美托咪定1 μg/kg,随后
以0.5 μg/kg/h的速度输注至术毕前30 min;氯胺酮+右美托咪定组患者同时静脉输
注氯胺酮和右美托咪定;对照组患者静脉输注生理盐水。分别于术前1 d及术后1、7 d使用简易智能精神
状态检查量表（MMSE）进行评分,记录POCD发病率;并分别于麻醉前、手术结束、术后24 h
抽取静脉血,检测血清白细胞介素6（IL-6）水平。结果：与对照组比较,右美托咪定组患
者清醒睁眼至拔管时间(T2)明显延长(P<0.05)。各组患者术后1和7 d POCD发病率,对照组为26.7%、13.3%,氯胺酮组为6.7%、0%,右美托咪定组为20.0%、10.0%,氯胺酮+右美托咪定组为13.3%、3.3%;与对照组比较,氯胺酮组患者术后1和7 d POCD发病
率明显降低（P<0.05）,右美托咪定组及氯胺酮+右美托咪定组术后1和7 d POCD发病率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。各组患者血清IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：术中单独应用亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮可以减少骨科全麻患者术后早期POCD的发病率,右美托咪定或氯胺酮与右美托咪定复合应用不能降低术后早期POCD的发病率,且POCD的发生与炎症反应无关。     

亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮与负荷剂量右美托咪定对老年人腹腔镜术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的：观察亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮与负荷剂量的右美托咪定对老年人腹腔镜手术患者早期术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的影响。方法选择广东省中山市人民医院2014年4~9月,年龄60~80岁行腹腔镜手术老年患者90例。数字随机表法分为三组院对照组(C组)、右美托咪定组(D组)、氯胺酮组(K组)。三组均行气管插管全身麻醉。D组在诱导前给予0.5μg/kg右美托咪定,K组诱导前给予0.5 mg/kg氯胺酮,C组给予相同容量的0.9%氯化钠注射液。三组患者行术前1 d,术后1、2、3 d的简易智力状态检查法(MMSE)评分,计算POCD的发生率。结果①与术前1 d比较,C组和D组术后1、2 d的MMSE评分明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与K组比较,C组和D组术后1、2 d的MMSE评分明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②与C组比较,K组术后1、2 d的POCD发生率降低,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论亚麻醉剂量的氯胺酮对术后认知功能具有保护作用,能降低腹腔镜老年患者早期POCD的发生率,负荷剂量的右美托咪定不能降低腹腔镜老年患者POCD的发生率。     

右美托咪定对开胸手术患者应激和循环功能的影响

目的：观察开胸手术麻醉期间持续输注右美托咪定的安全性及对患者血流动力学及应激反应的影响.方法：120例择期行开胸手术患者,随机分为右美托咪定组（A组）和对照组（B组）各60例.麻醉诱导前A组给予右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg泵注10 min,之后维持剂量0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1至手术结束前30 min;B组给予等容量0.9%氯化钠注射液作为对照.2组患者麻醉诱导和药物维持相同.记录和测定麻醉诱导前、气管插管后即刻、切皮和拔管各时间点的心率、平均动脉压、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素的变化,以及丙泊酚用量、术毕拔管时间和不良反应.结果：与B组比较,A组患者术毕拔管时间及丙泊酚总用量均明显减少（P〈0.01）;在麻醉诱导前和气管拔管即刻心率、平均动脉压及血浆肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的水平降低（P〈0.05~P〈0.01）;术后呛咳躁动及寒战的发生率也明显降低（P〈0.01）.结论：静脉泵注右美托咪定0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1可减轻应激反应,从而更好的维持血流动力学稳定,减少全麻药的用量,缩短苏醒时间.     

右美托咪定对单肺通气患者开胸术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对单肺通气患者开胸术后认知功能障碍(POCD)的影响。方法选取2014年1月至2015年1月周口市中心医院收治的80例行开胸术单肺通气的患者为研究对象,按就诊编号分为观察组(n=40)与对照组(n=40)。在麻醉诱导术前,观察组实施静脉泵注右美托咪定,对照组给予等量生理盐水。对比两组术后POCD发生情况,观察血氧饱和度(Sjv O2)、血压气压(Pjv O2)及S-100β蛋白水平。结果两组麻醉诱导前Sjv O2、Pjv O2比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后72 h两组Sjv O2、Pjv O2均明显低于麻醉诱导前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组POCD的发生率、S-100β蛋白水平明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定应用于单肺通气开胸术患者可有效减少POCD的发生,减轻手术对神经功能的损害,临床优势明显。     

负荷剂量盐酸右美托咪定对老年患者妇科腹腔镜手术中心率变异性及术后认知功能的影响

目的:观察全麻诱导前应用负荷剂量盐酸右美托咪定对老年患者全麻腹腔镜手术术中心率变异性及术后认知功能的影响。方法:选择择期行腹腔镜妇科手术的老年患者112例,随机分为试验组及对照组。实验组在麻醉诱导前15min给予负荷剂量右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,对照组给予等量生理盐水输注,观察各时点心率血压变化情况及术后POCD发病率。结果:对照组术后第三天POCD发病率高于试验组(P<0.05)。插管(T1)、切皮(T2)及拔管后(T4)三个时点两组HR比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。T1和T4两时点对照组LP明显高于试验组(P<0.05)。对照组HP值仅在T1点高于试验组(P<0.05)。T1及T4时点对照组LP/HP比值较试验组高,而其在个各时点内无明显统计学差异。两组患者术中心血管系统不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:麻醉诱导前给予负荷剂量的右美托咪定可降低老年患者妇科腹腔镜手术全麻术后POCD发病率及术中的交感神经反应性,且不增加术中循环系统不良反应。     

右美托咪定对老年人脊柱手术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的:观察右美托咪定对老年人脊柱手术后认知功能障碍的影响。方法:随机抽取我院收治的62例行脊柱手术的老年患者,分为观察组和对照组。观察组于麻醉诱导前经15min静脉泵注右美托咪定负荷量为0.5μg/kg,随后以0.5μg·kg-1·h-1的速率静脉泵注至术毕,对照组给予泵注等容量生理盐水。结果:观察组与对照组在老年人麻醉后认知功能评分的对比有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:年脊柱手术患者术中应用右美托咪定,可以明显降低术后认知功能个障碍的发生率,改善患者的生活质量,具有一定的医学应用价值。     

右美托咪定静脉泵注联合七氟烷吸入诱导在腹腔镜手术麻醉中的应用效果观察

目的:分析右美托咪定静脉泵注联合七氟烷吸入诱导在腹腔镜手术麻醉中的应用效果。方法:从我院妇科2012年4月-2015年4月收治的腹腔镜手术患者中抽选50例,按患者入院编号分成两组:25例对照组实施七氟烷麻醉诱导,25例试验组实施右美托咪定、七氟烷麻醉诱导,统计手术结果。结果:试验组术后的吸气时间、排气时间、拔管时间少于对照组,P0.05,有区别;试验组术后2例并发症,占比8.0%,低于32.0%的对照组,P0.05,有区别。结论:临床给予腹腔镜手术患者右美托咪定、七氟烷麻醉诱导作用突出,可加快术后恢复,减轻疼痛度,值得借鉴。     

针刺联合右美托咪定对髋关节置换术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的观察针刺联合右美托咪定对骨科老年患者髋关节置换手术术后认知功能障碍(POCD)临床疗效的影响。方法将60例符合诊断标准的髋关节置换术患者随机分为对照组(C组)20例、右美托咪定组(D组)20例、针刺联合右美托咪定组(A组)20例。D组在麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,15 min静脉泵入,A组术前1 h针刺患者百会、内关、合谷、太冲、足三里,麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,15 min静脉泵,C组采用空白对照,3组均采用静吸复合全麻,术后患者均行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。分别于术前1 d及术后1 d对3组患者进行简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分,评估POCD发生情况。结果右美托咪定组及针灸联合右美托嘧定组对于髋关节置换手术患者术后,MMSE评分均高于对照组,POCD发生率均低于对照组,且针灸联合右美托咪定组POCD发生率低于单纯使用右美托咪定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论针灸联合右美托嘧定能有效降低髋关节置换手术患者术后POCD发生率。     

右美托咪定对老年全身麻醉手术患者苏醒期躁动及认知功能的影响

目的:观察右美托咪定对老年全身麻醉手术患者苏醒期躁动及认知功能的影响。方法:选取拟行全身麻醉并择期手术老年患者78例作为研究对象,随机将其分为两组,各39例。两组均行临床常规麻醉,对照组加以0.9%氯化钠注射液,观察组则加用等剂量的右美托咪定。观察两组苏醒期躁动以及认知功能。结果:观察组苏醒期躁动、认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前两组认知功能评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后第1天、7天时,观察组认知功能评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定有助于降低老年全身麻醉手术患者苏醒期躁动发生率,减轻患者术后认知功能损伤,加速患者术后康复,临床普及价值高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.