结核性脑膜炎的脑脊液细胞学(附39例报告)

应用微型沉淀室法对39例结核性脑膜炎患者55份标本进行脑脊液细胞学检查,发现主要特点为嗜中性粒细胞为主的混合性细胞反应(74％)。多数标本见到淋巴样细胞(76.4％)和浆细胞(63.6％)。经抗结核治疗后的恢复期则见嗜中性粒细胞下降和免疫活性细胞上升。未经治疗者或不能治疗者嗜中性粒细胞不下降。提示脑脊液细胞学检查对结核性脑膜炎的诊断、鉴别诊断、病情转归以及疗效判断等有一定价值,同样也有助于对结核性脑膜炎患者中枢神经系统免疫反应的了解。     

中枢神经系统感染脑脊液细胞形态学检测的价值

目的探讨脑脊液细胞形态学检测在中枢神经系统感染性疾病中的价值。方法对2013-08—2016-08我院收治的280例符合中枢神经系统感染疾病诊断标准的送检标本进行回顾性分析。实施脑脊液细胞学检查,测量不同疾病脑脊液各类有核细胞的细胞直径、面积等,并对细胞大小特征变化等进行分析。结果本组280份标本中,根据形态特征分类,63份为化脓性脑膜炎,主要表现为均匀一致的中性粒细胞反应;186份为病毒性脑膜炎,主要表现为淋巴细胞反应,也可见中性粒细胞;31份为结核性脑膜炎,主要表现为淋巴样细胞、单核吞噬细胞,偶尔有中性粒细胞。3组脑病白细胞数、未激活单核细胞、未激活淋巴细胞、激活单核细胞、激活淋巴细胞、浆细胞、嗜中性粒细胞差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),但3组脑病嗜酸性粒细胞差异无统计学意义(P0.05);结核性脑膜炎组中性粒细胞面积大于病毒性脑膜炎组、化脓性脑膜炎组(P0.05),且病毒性脑膜炎组大于化脓性脑膜炎组(P0.05);结核性脑膜炎组淋巴细胞面积大于病毒性脑膜炎组(P0.05);化脓性脑膜炎组、结核性脑膜炎组淋巴细胞直径大于病毒性脑膜炎组(P0.05),且结核性脑膜炎组大于化脓性脑膜炎组(P0.05);在单核细胞面积与直径方面,结核性脑膜炎组、病毒性脑膜炎组均大于化脓性脑膜炎组(P0.05)。结论脑脊液细胞形态学特征改变可作为诊断中枢神经系统感染性疾病的重要指标。     

结核性脑膜炎临床及脑脊液细胞学分析

目的分析结核性脑膜炎患者临床表现、早期脑脊液细胞学改变及演变过程,提高对其早期识别能力及诊疗效果的判断。方法回顾分析60例结核性脑膜炎患者的临床特征、病原学检查及脑脊液生化尤其是细胞学动态变化资料。结果 60例患者中58例(96.67%)以发热、头痛发病,1周内并发意识障碍者9例(15.00%),伴抽搐5例(8.33%)、眼动障碍8例(13.33%)、偏瘫7例(11.67%),44例(73.33%)既往有肺结核病史。实验室检查脑脊液浓缩集菌抗酸染色阳性8例(13.33%)、结核分枝杆菌培养阳性5例(8.62%)、脑脊液结核分枝杆菌DNA阳性5例(8.77%)。脑脊液改变以颅内压、蛋白定量升高、葡萄糖降低为主;细胞学变化呈现以淋巴细胞增多为主的混合细胞学反应,发病早期脑脊液中性粒细胞比例<0.40,经抗结核药物治疗后细胞总数及中性粒细胞比例短期内(最长随访2个月)可无明显改变。经正规抗结核药物治疗,44例患者好转、11例迁延不愈并出院或转院、5例死亡;发病3周内接受抗结核药物治疗的患者预后明显优于发病3周后接受治疗者。结论结核性脑膜炎患者临床表现无特异性,病原学阳性检出率极低,早期诊断困难。肺结核病变对明确诊断具有辅助价值,脑脊液混合细胞学反应可高度提示诊断。经抗结核药物治疗后脑脊液细胞学演变缓慢,可长期呈混合细胞学反应,不能以此为据推翻结核性脑膜炎的诊断。治疗时机很大程度上决定治疗效果。     

37例培养阳性结核性脑膜脑炎脑脊液细胞学动态分析

目的探讨脑脊液结核分枝杆菌培养阳性结核性脑膜炎脑脊液细胞学特点。方法运用玻片细胞沉淀(粟秀初教授研制)细胞学方法,对37例使用Bactec MGIT 960培养阳性结核性脑膜炎患者的脑脊液细胞学分类特点进行动态观察与分析。结果结核性脑膜脑炎患者脑脊液白细胞总数升高,但有4例患者脑脊液白细胞数小于50×106/L。多数确诊结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液呈混合型细胞反应,有33例(89.2%)患者脑脊液中检测到中性粒细胞,25例(67.6%)患者脑脊液中检测到浆细胞。但多数患者脑脊液(60%)以淋巴细胞为主,少量(1/3)以中性粒细胞为主。且几乎所有患者脑脊液内均可以检测到浆细胞的存在。结论确诊结核性脑膜炎患者的脑脊液白细胞数明显增高,脑脊液细胞分类主要表现为淋巴细胞为主型,少部分为中性粒细胞为主型。     

儿童结核性脑膜炎脑脊液细胞学变化

研究背景结核性脑膜炎是严重威胁生命健康的中枢神经系统感染性疾病,由于临床表现多样化尤其是婴幼儿症状多不典型,故疾病早期容易误诊,并导致较高的病残率和病死率。目前脑脊液细胞学检查对中枢神经系统感染性疾病的病因学诊断仍具有重要价值,本文通过观察结核性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液细胞学变化,进一步深入了解其表现及演变特点,以提高对其早期识别能力及对诊断治疗效果的判断。方法采集新鲜脑脊液以细胞玻片离心法制片,经迈格姬染色进行形态学分类。结果所有入组病例脑脊液细胞学均有异常。其中结核性脑膜炎组患儿脑脊液白细胞计数平均(310.19±156.26)×106/L,高于化脓性脑膜炎组(P=0.000);淋巴细胞比例为(66.56±14.08)%,低于病毒性脑膜炎组(P=0.037),但高于化脓性脑膜炎组(P=0.000)。与化脓性脑膜炎组比较,结核性脑膜炎组和病毒性脑膜炎组单核细胞(P=0.000,0.020)和浆细胞(P=0.001,0.004)比例升高,而且结核性脑膜炎组浆细胞阳性检出率显著升高(P=0.001)。结论儿童结核性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液细胞学演变特点为:早期以淋巴细胞比例占优势,随病程进展出现程度不同的混合细胞反应,治疗有效者中性粒细胞比例下降较快,逐渐转化为淋巴细胞反应,伴有单核细胞和浆细胞,并持续较长时间;无效者则长期呈混合细胞反应。脑脊液细胞学演变特点对儿童结核性脑膜炎的诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要临床意义。     

结核性脑膜脑炎脑脊液细胞学动态分析及其诊断价值

目的探讨脑脊液细胞学特点在结核性脑膜脑炎临床诊断中的价值。方法运用玻片细胞沉淀（粟秀初教授研制）细胞学方法,对72例结核性脑膜脑炎患者的脑脊液细胞学分类特点进行动态观察与分析,以评估治疗效果。结果结核性脑膜脑炎患者脑脊液白细胞总数升高。早期嗜中性粒细胞增高,随后呈混合型细胞反应,随着病情的好转,嗜中性粒细胞逐渐消失,以淋巴、单核细胞为主。结论脑脊液细胞学检查操作简便,结果确切,有一定特异性,对结核性脑膜脑炎的临床诊断具有辅助价值。     

结核性脑膜炎30例脑脊液细胞学动态分析

目的 了解结核性脑膜炎病人抗结核治疗前后脑脊液(CSF)细胞学变化特点及应用价值.方法 30例病人经临床和辅助检查确诊,采用CSF细胞玻片离心沉淀法收集细胞,经MGG染色体后在显微镜油镜下逐个细胞检查.结果 全部病例CSF细胞学均有异常,治疗前后CSF细胞学有明显不同的特点.抗结核治疗前CSF细胞学以嗜中性粒细胞比例较高,可达50%～70%,但核左移现象不明显;经正规治疗后嗜中性粒细胞下降,淋巴细胞、激活淋巴细胞、激活单核细胞的比例增加,经过一段时间治疗,嗜中性粒细胞明显下降至消失,主要为淋巴细胞及单核细胞.结论 CSF细胞学可早期诊断结核性脑膜炎,并可判断疗效,指导临床用药.     

脑脊液淋巴样细胞检出对结核性脑膜炎早期诊断价值

目的：为了使脑脊液细胞学检查能对结核性脑膜炎提供早期诊断依据。方法：用侯氏法收集脑脊液细胞,对７８例结核性脑膜炎与８５例其它中枢神经系统感染患者脑脊液细胞学结果经分析。结果：结核性脑膜炎脊液中淋巴样细胞和浆检出阳性率分别为９５％和６２％,而毒性脑膜炎则为７３％和４９％、隐球菌性脑膜炎为５０％和３３％、寄生虫性脑膜炎为５６％和３１％、化脓性脑膜炎为２５％和１３％,均明显低于结核性脑膜炎、结论：脑脊液     

结核性脑膜炎脑脊液检测项目研究的进展

结核性脑膜炎 (ＴＢＭ)是中枢神经系统常见的感染性疾病 ,其预后取决于早期诊断和及时治疗。ＴＢＭ的诊断 ,除临床症状、体征外 ,脑脊液 (ＣＳＦ)的实验室检测极其重要。现将近年来有关ＣＳＦ检测项目在ＴＢＭ诊断的进展综述如下。1　细胞学检查ＴＢＭ的ＣＳＦ细胞学改变具有一定的规律性特征 ,许多学者主张将其细胞学列为ＴＢＭ的常规检查项目。ＴＢＭ的ＣＳＦ细胞学的特点是以嗜中性粒细胞为主伴一定数量的免疫活性细胞 (小淋巴细胞、淋巴样细胞和浆细胞 )和单核吞噬细胞的混合细胞反应 ,亦可见到嗜酸性粒细胞。尽管持续抗结核治疗 ,ＣＳ…     

老年患者结核性脑膜炎脑脊液细胞学及临床特点

目的探讨老年结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液细胞学(CSF)变化及临床特点。方法42例病人经临床和辅助检查确诊,采用脑脊液细胞玻片离心沉淀法收集细胞,经MGG染色后在显微镜下观察。结果全部病例脑脊液细胞学均有异常,老年患者脑脊液细胞学有明显不同的特点。结论初诊时,脑脊液细胞学以淋巴细胞比例占优势较多,随病程进展出现程度不同的混合细胞反应,治疗有效者嗜中性粒细胞下降及消失较快;一部分患者一直以淋巴细胞占优势,伴有激活淋巴细胞、激活单核细胞,并持续性较长时间。脑脊液细胞学的动态变化,为判断老年结核性脑膜炎的病情转归、疗效有着重要的临床价值。     

老年结核性脑膜炎27例脑脊液细胞学动态分析

目的了解老年结核性脑膜炎患者急性期和恢复期脑脊液(CSF)细胞学变化特点和应用价值。方法 27例老年结核性脑膜炎病人经临床和辅助检查确诊,所获脑脊液采用自然沉淀法收集细胞,经MGG染色后光学显微镜下行细胞分类计数。结果 53份CSF标本有3份结果阴性(5.6%),余50份CSF细胞学均有异常。急性发病期CSF白细胞多以免疫活性细胞为主,其中转化型淋巴细胞出现率最高(83.33%),恢复期吞噬细胞出现率上升明显,达到65.38%。急性和恢复期均以转化型淋巴细胞反应为主的混合型细胞反应占优势。结论 CSF细胞学可协助早期诊断老年结核性脑膜炎,并对病程监测,预后评估提供帮助。     

新型隐球菌性脑膜炎与结核性脑膜炎的临床特点比较

目的对比和分析综合性医院新型隐球菌性脑膜炎(CNM)与结核性脑膜炎(TBM)的临床特点。方法分析62例CNM及219例TBM患者的一般资料、临床症状、脑脊液细胞学(CSFC)、头颅影像学的特点。结果两种脑膜炎均呈亚急性或慢性起病相对于TBM,CNM延误诊断时间更长、临床症状中癫痫出现比率(24.2%)、头颅影像学中脑膜强化出现比率(17.7%)较高,腰穿脑脊液(CSF)压力(268.7±67.6mmH_2O)、CSF单核细胞占比(21.0±17.5%)高,CSF白细胞计数(84.8±88.1×10~6/L)、CSF糖(1.9±1.4mmol·L~(-1))较低。结论两种脑膜炎临床表现不典型,两者之间不易鉴别,容易误诊漏诊。临床上需综合判断,CSF瑞氏吉姆萨染色和改良抗酸染色有助于两者病原学确诊。     

Levels of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous meningitis patients

In this study,the levels of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of 50 patients with tuberculous meningitis,30 patients with viral meningitis,20 patients with purulent meningitis and 40 subjects without central nervous system disease were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The mean levels of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum from patients with tuberculous meningitis were significantly higher compared with those from patients with viral meningitis or purulent meningitis or from subjects without central nervous system disease.Meanwhile,the level of soluble delta-like ligand 1 gradually decreased as tuberculous meningitis patients recovered.If patients deteriorated after treatment,the level of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in cerebrospinal fluid gradually increased.There was no correlation between the level of soluble delta-like ligand 1 and the protein level/cell number in cerebrospinal fluid.Our findings indicate that the levels of soluble delta-like ligand 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and serum are reliable markers for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis and for monitoring treatment progress.At the same time,this index is not influenced by protein levels or cell numbers in cerebrospinal fluid.     

基本临床及实验室资料在成人结核性脑膜炎中的诊断价值

目的 以基本的临床及实验室资料为基础寻找成人结核性脑膜炎和新型隐球菌性脑膜炎的鉴别点,并建立相应诊断规则.方法 实验对象为中山大学附属第三医院2000年～2008连续住院的成人患者,包括100例结核性脑膜炎患者及119例新型隐球菌性脑膜炎患者,并分析其基本的临床及实验室资料.运用logistic回归分析寻找可独立预测结核性脑膜炎的危险因素,并建立相应的诊断规则.结果 Logistic回归分析得出六项可独立预测结核性脑膜炎的危险因素:性别、神志改变、视听损害、脑脊液蛋白、脑脊液白细胞数及合并颅外结核.利用上述因素建立的诊断规则其诊断结核性脑膜炎的灵敏度为78.0%,特异度为95.2%,阳性预测价值92.9%,阴性预测价值84.4%.结论 基本的临床及实验室资料有助于帮助鉴别结核性脑膜炎和新型隐球菌性脑膜炎,可在实验室条件不够完善的广大基层医院应用.     

脑脊液中检测DLL1对结核性脑膜炎的诊断意义

目的探索脑脊液(CSF)中Delta-like-1(DLL1)的检测在结核性脑膜炎诊断中的临床价值。方法选择诊断明确的中枢神经系统感染性疾病患者50例,分为结核性脑膜炎(结脑组)30例,病毒性脑(膜)炎(病脑组)20例,以及正常对照组20例,颅内转移瘤(肿瘤组)8例。采用酶联免疫吸附试验定量测定患者CSF中DLL1的含量。结果各组CSF中DLL1的含量,结脑组显著高于其他组别,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其他组别之间相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组CSF中DLL1的含量与CSF蛋白、细胞数、葡萄糖、氯化物及颅内压均无相关性。结论 DLL1检测作为一种新的指标,在结核性脑膜炎的诊断中可能有重要临床价值。     

脑脊液中抗BCG抗体分泌细胞测定对结核性脑膜炎鉴别诊断价值的研究

用酶联免疫斑点(Elispot)法，将BCG作为抗原，对16例结核性脑膜炎33例次脑脊液中淋巴细胞分离培养，从体外检测BCG特异性IgG抗体分泌细胞，结果表明总阳性率为91．7％，对照组(其它颅内炎症)18例共22例次检测无1例阳性。提示采用本法对结核性脑膜炎进行诊断具有特异性。     

Detection of mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid: diagnostic and prognostic significance

Inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardised to quantitate circulating mycobacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. Of the 40 patients with clinical diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, the assay was found to be positive in 26 patients. In a control group of 42 patients with non-tuberculous neurological diseases the assay was negative. The assay showed a sensitivity of 65 and 100% specificity for tuberculous meningitis. In 8 patients with tuberculous meningitis receiving chemotherapy, multiple CSF examinations were subjected to this assay. The antigen concentration showed a gradual decrease between 3 and 4 weeks after the commencement of antituberculosis chemotherapy. There was a positive correlation between clinical recovery and antigen concentration. Detection of mycobacterial antigen in CSF specimen by inhibition ELISA has not only diagnostic utility but also could be applied to monitor antituberculosis chemotherapy in patients with tuberculous meningitis. The assay is reproducible and feasible for routine immunology laboratory. It also could be considered as a diagnostic aid when repeated bacteriological cultures are negative in CSF specimens of patients with tuberculous meningitis.     

Neuron-specific enolase,nucleotides, nucleosides,purine bases,oxypurines and uric acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis

To determine the effects of meningitis on cerebral energy metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of adenosine monophosphate, inosine monophosphate, inosine, adenosine, guanosine, adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and urate were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and neuron-specific enolase by an enzyme immunoassay method, in 100 children with meningitis (45 bacterial, 46 viral and nine tuberculous), aged between 1 month and 13 years, and in 160 age-matched controls. Compared with controls, patients with bacterial meningitis showed high concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine and urate; patients with viral meningitis showed high concentrations of inosine, guanosine, xanthine, urate and neuron-specific enolase; and patients with tuberculous meningitis showed very high concentrations of inosine, xanthine and urate. Xanthine and urate concentrations were significantly higher in patients with tuberculous meningitis than in patients with viral or bacterial meningitis. These results suggest that in the acute stage of bacterial, viral and tuberculous meningitis, neuronal energy metabolism may be altered. The measurement of cerebrospinal xanthine and uric acid concentrations may be useful for the early diagnosis of a tuberculous origin.     

Tuberculous meningitis in infancy

The lack of specific symptoms and signs in patients with tuberculous meningitis makes early diagnosis difficult. To our knowledge, there has been no report in the literature focusing on tuberculous meningitis patients younger than 1 year of age. In this report, we reviewed the clinical features and laboratory findings of seven infants with tuberculous meningitis encountered during a 15-year period. All patients had fever, cough, and alternation of consciousness at presentation. Five patients had bulging anterior fontanel, and five had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The purified protein derivative skin test was positive in six patients. Six patients had hyponatremia. All seven patients had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid findings, and six of them demonstrated cell counts less than 500 cells/mm(3) with lymphocytic predominance. Brain sonography examination revealed hydrocephalus in all seven patients. Therefore we conclude that antituberculosis therapy should be promptly initiated in any young infant with a clinical impression of meningitis in the context of cerebrospinal fluid white cell count of less than 500 cells/mm(3) and lymphocytic predominance, hyponatremia, and hydrocephalus.