抗生素与H2受体拮抗剂联用对外科手术患者全身炎症反应综合征发病率和预后的影响

目的探讨外科手术后联合应用抗生素及H2受体拮抗剂对患者SIRS发病率及预后的影响.方法回顾性地对4年半余本院外科手术后患者未用、单纯应用和伍用抗生素和/或H2受体拮抗剂后的SIRS发病率及预后进行临床分析.结果单纯应用抗生素或H2受体拮抗剂的患者SIRS发病率较未用组患者明显降低;抗生素和H2受体拮抗剂联用的患者较未用组和单纯应用组SIRS发病率显著降低;单纯应用抗生素或H2受体拮抗剂组间比较SIRS发病率无显著差异;各组SIRS发生后病死率无显著差异.结论外科手术后患者联合应用抗生素和H2受体拮抗剂可以明显减少SIRS的发病率,但对SIRS发生后患者的病死率影响较小.     

开放性骨折感染的临床研究

目的 :明确Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型开放骨折病人SIRS持续时间、预防应用抗生素与伤口感染率之间的关系 ,指导临床合理应用抗生素、降低伤口感染率。 方法 :回顾性分析 2 11个部位Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型开放骨折的临床资料 ,t′检验比较感染与非感染伤口SIRS持续时间 ,χ2 检验比较SIRS消失前、后停用抗生素的伤口感染率 ,分析感染伤口的细菌培养结果。 结果 :感染伤口的SIRS持续时间较非感染伤口的SIRS持续时间长 (P <0 0 5 ) ;SIRS消失后停用抗生素较SIRS消失前停用抗生素的伤口感染率低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;伤口感染的主要致病菌为革兰阴性杆菌。 结论 :SIRS持续时间是评估Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型开放骨折伤口感染和指导预防应用抗生素的较好方法。     

胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾外科治疗的预后分析

目的 探讨影响胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾外科治疗预后的因素.方法 对135例胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾患者进行手术.其中剖腹探查术20例,联合脾及胰体尾切除术115例.对影响手术的预后进行单因素及多因素分析,并分析术后的并发症发生率和病死率.结果 剖腹探查术和联合脾及胰体尾切除术患者的中位生存期分别为4.7个月和30.5个月,差异有统计学意义(X2=403.8,P＜0.01).联合脾及胰体尾切除术患者的3、5年生存率分别为48.3%、26.6%;肿瘤的直径、大体分型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、No.10或No.11淋巴结转移、根治程度和受侵脏器切除数目为影响预后的相关因素:其中浸润深度、淋巴结转移分期、手术根治程度及受侵脏器切除数目为影响预后的独立因素.术后并发症发牛率和病死率分别为20.0%和3.5%.结论 对于胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾患者.施行联合脾及胰体尾切除术能够提高疗效.如果患者无淋巴结转移、或无不可根治因素存在、或无合并其他脏器受侵.施行联合脾及胰体尾切除术疗效最好.     

单纯胆囊切除术与围手术期抗生素的使用(附642例临床分析)

目的　了解单纯胆囊切除术围手术期应用预防性抗生素的作用。方法　对我院普外一科 1998年 1月至 1999年12月 2年间所施行的 6 42例择期单纯胆囊切除术围手术期抗生素的使用、细菌培养结果和切口感染情况进行回顾性分析。结果　 6 42例根据其抗生素应用情况分为未用抗生素组 (n=2 2 0 )、术前 30分钟一次性给药组 (n=2 0 0 )和术后 3天持续用药组(n=2 2 2 ) 3组 ,3组患者之性别、年龄构成情况、全身状况及发生术后切口感染情况间的差异均无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;对6 42例中随机选择 5 2例行术中胆囊胆汁培养 ,结果 47例无细菌生长。结论　对单纯胆囊切除术患者术前无感染前提下 ,不用或仅术前 30分钟一次性使用抗生素是安全可行的 ,这对缩短患者住院日 ,减少其医疗费用具有积极的意义     

大承气颗粒剂对肠源性内毒素血症所致SIRS/MODS的治疗作用

目的:观察大承气颗粒对全身炎性反应综合征(SIRS)/多器官功能不足综合征(MODS)的肠源性内毒素血症的治疗作用.方法:前瞻性对照分析急性腹腔内感染的住院患者245例,分为常规治疗对照组及常规治疗加用大承气颗粒剂治疗组.比较两组治疗后的病死率,并发症发生率,血白细胞,氧合指数,总胆红质,血转氨酶的变化.结果:大承气颗粒治疗组的疗效均显著优于常规治疗组,有统计学意义.结论:大承气颗粒剂可以明显改善SIRS/MODS患者的临床症状,降低并发症发生率,促进脏器功能恢复,预防或减少MODS/MOF的发生,改善预后降低病死率.     

棘突间固定系统与融合固定系统联合应用治疗腰椎退变性疾患

[目的]探讨棘突间固定系统与融合固定系统联合应用治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床疗效.[方法]2007年2月～2009年2月本院收治的90例腰椎退变性疾病患者90例,分为棘突间固定系统与融合固定系统联合应用组和单纯棘突间固定系统应用组,各45例.分别对两组患者术后即时疗效进行评价.术后定期随访(30 ～ 54个月),分别对两组患者不良预后指标进行评估.[结果]两组患者术后即时疗效相比,联合应用组总有效率(93.3％)明显优于单纯应用组(75.6％)(P＜0.05).从随访结果分析看,联合应用组不良预后发生率显著低于单纯应用组(P＜0.05).[结论]棘突间固定系统与融合固定系统联合应用治疗腰椎退变性疾病较单纯棘突间固定系统应用具有更好的临床治疗效果.     

甲状腺激素、降钙素原和C-反应蛋白对脓毒症患者病情及预后评估的价值

目的结合脓毒症患者病情、住院病死率探讨血清甲状腺激素（TH）、血清降钙素原（PCT）和C-反应蛋白（CRP）三者对脓毒症患者预后的评估价值。 方法采用回顾性研究,根据2008年国际脓毒症定义的脓毒症诊断标准,将入选病例分为脓毒症组、严重脓毒症组（包括严重脓毒症及脓毒症休克患者）、非全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）对照组;脓毒症、严重脓毒症组按照患者的住院病死率,分为存活组及死亡组。测定各组患者入院24 h内的TH、PCT及CRP浓度并进行各组间的统计学分析。 结果严重脓毒症患者血清FT₃、TT₃、TT₄水平显著低于脓毒症及对照组（P均< 0.05）,脓毒症患者血清FT₃、TT₃水平低于对照组（P均< 0.05）;脓毒症及严重脓毒症患者血清PCT、CRP水平显著高于对照组（P均< 0.05）,严重脓毒症患者较脓毒症患者血清PCT水平显著升高（P < 0.05）,但两组CRP水平差异无统计学意义;死亡组FT₃、TT₃、PCT水平显著高于存活组（P均< 0.05）,但CRP差异无统计学意义;各组的TSH含量变化无统计学意义。 结论CRP是鉴别SIRS和非SIRS的有效指标,但并非早期诊断脓毒症的可靠指标。PCT、TH是早期诊断脓毒症并能与非SIRS鉴别的特异性较高的炎症指标;结合PCT和TH水平可以客观判断脓毒症病情的严重性。同时,TH与PCT水平与脓毒症预后显著相关,两者联合应用有望成为早期判断脓毒症预后的快速、可靠且非有创性指标。     

慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者精液质量改变和抗生素治疗效果

目的 :观察慢性非细菌性前列腺炎 (CAP)对精液质量的影响和抗生素对CAP的治疗效果。　方法 :对诊断为CAP的 86例患者进行精液分析 ,同时测定血清和精浆的抗精子抗体 (AsAb) ,并和 2 0例正常男性进行比较。然后把 86例CAP患者随机分成用抗生素组和未用抗生素组共 2组 ,每组 4 3例 ,用抗生素组除选用 3种抗生素序贯治疗外 ,其余治疗 2组相同。连续治疗 3个月 ,每个月随访 1次。　结果 :CAP患者精子活动率、前向运动精子百分率和正常形态精子均明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;精浆和血清AsAb阳性率均明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。应用抗生素组精子活动率、前向运动精子百分率和正常形态精子等提高均明显大于未用抗生素组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,临床治疗效果也明显优于未用抗生素组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :CAP使精液质量和男性生育力下降。抗生素治疗可明显改善CAP患者的精液质量 ,并提高CAP的治疗效果     

抗生素预防性应用在择期胆囊切除术中的价值

目的　探讨抗生素预防在择期单纯性胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法　总结和回顾分析我院 1990～ 1999年间 983例择期胆囊切除围手术期抗生素应用和感染性并发症的相关资料。胆囊切除围手术期应用抗生素 82 9例 ;同期手术未用抗生素 15 4例。分应用组和未用组对感染性并发症等作对照分析。结果　应用组发生感染性并发症 7例 (0 .8% ) ;未用组发生并发症 2例 (1.3% )。二组比较 ,感染性并发症的发生无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　择期单纯性胆囊切除围手术期无常规应用预防性抗生素的必要。     

4种评分系统评估院前急救患者病情及预后的价值的比较研究

目的:比较改良早期预警评分(MEWS)、全身炎症反应综合征评分(SIRS)、简单临床评分(SCS)、快速急诊内科评分(REMS)评估院前急救患者病情及预后的价值.方法:对我院实施院前急救的685例急诊患者分别进行MEWS评分、REMS评分、SCS评分和SIRS评分,追踪患者的预后,并以当次入院病死率为根据,比较4种评分系统不同分值段的病死率差异,通过ROC曲线下面积比较4种评分系统评估院前急救患者病情及预后的准确性.结果:存活与死亡患者的MEWS评分、REMS评分、SCS评分和SIRS评分比较差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).MEWS评分、REMS评分、SCS评分和SIRS评分的分值越高,病死率越高,各分值段间病死率比较差异均具有统计学意义(x2=72.60、82.31、151.94、72.49,P均＜0.05);MEWS评分、REMS评分、SCS评分和SIRS评分的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.765、0.758、0.829和0.695,以SCS评分的ROC曲线下面积最大.结论:MEWS评分、REMS评分、SCS评分和SIRS评分均能对院前急诊患者的病死率进行预测,准确度SCS＞MEWS＞REMS＞SIRS,SCS评分更能准确地对院前急救患者进行早期预后评估.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Effect of smoking and abstention on oxidative burst and reactivity of neutrophils and monocytes

BACKGROUND: Smoking is associated with surgical wound infections, impaired wound healing, and tissue-destructive disorders. The mechanisms are largely unknown, but changes in the function and activity of inflammatory cells may be involved. METHODS: Seventy healthy volunteers (54 smokers and 16 never smokers) were included. The smokers were studied while they smoked and after 20 days of abstinence. After the first 10 days of abstinence, they were randomized to double-blind treatment with transdermal nicotine patch 25 mg per day or placebo. Venous blood neutrophils and monocytes were sampled and isolated. In 22 randomly selected smokers and in all never smokers, the oxidative burst and chemotaxis were determined by a chemiluminescence response assay and a modified Boyden chamber technique, respectively. Stimulants were opsonized zymosan, formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, and zymosan-activated serum. RESULTS: The neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst was 50% and 68% lower, respectively, in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). Neutrophil chemotaxis was 93% higher in smokers (P < .05). Monocyte chemotaxis was lower in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). After 20 days of abstinence, neutrophil oxidative burst increased to the level of never smokers (P < .05); monocyte oxidative burst increased by 50% (P < .05). Chemotaxis was only marginally affected. The changes induced by abstinence were less pronounced in the transdermal nicotine patch group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking attenuates the oxidative burst of inflammatory cells and increases chemotaxis. Three weeks of abstinence normalize the oxidative burst, but affect chemotaxis only marginally.