肺癌支气管动脉与肺动脉CT血管造影分析

目的利用CT血管造影（CTA）显示支气管动脉（BA）和肺动脉（PA）三维影像学特征,进一步探讨肺癌血供。方法收集原发性肺癌147例及正常对照46例,采用多层螺旋CT胸部增强扫描获得原始图像,用容积显示（VR）、多平面重建（MPR）、最大强度投影（MIP）进行CTA重建,观察和分析BA、PA形态学特征及其与肺癌关系。结果肺癌组BA在VR中清晰显示136例,显示率为92．5％,平均2．3支／例;对照组BA清晰显示32例,显示率为69．6％,平均2．0支／例。肺癌组同侧BA管径较肺癌对侧和正常对照组BA明显增粗（P〈0．05）;肺癌同侧总截面积显著大于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,且较肺癌对侧明显增加（P〈0．05）;肺癌侧BA扩张扭曲呈蚓状走向肿瘤或进入肿瘤内,多分支网状吻合。肺癌组PA均清晰显示,54例PA穿过肿瘤或从瘤旁经过,未见异常变化;25例PA显影完整,受肿块推挤并从周围包绕肿块,形成手握球征;40例PA基本完整,肿块从外对PA环状包埋,PA管腔呈扁平状、偏心性或向心性缩窄或枯树枝征;28例PA受肿块包绕并残缺截断形成残根征。结论原发性肺癌BA明显扩张,总供血量明显增加;PA穿过肿瘤或狭窄截断。多重螺旋CTA同样证明肺癌主要为BA供血,未见PA供血证据。     

16层螺旋CT血管造影及三维重建和CT仿真内镜技术在肺癌血供诊断中的价值

背景与目的:以往主要靠主动脉或支气管动脉血管造影了解肺癌的供血血管及血供,但该方法具有较大的创伤性且操作复杂,部分病人不易接受,一次血管造影不能保证显示全部供血血管,且支气管动脉血管造影成功率较低.本研究探讨16层螺旋CT血管造影及三维重建和CT仿真内镜技术诊断与评价肺癌供血血管和血供的临床应用价值,为肺癌血供诊断提供一种无创伤性、安全、简便、全面有效的检查方法.方法:对72例经病理证实肺癌患者行16层螺旋CT血管造影及三维重建,血管三维重建方法包括容积再现技术(volume rendering,VR)、最大密度投影(maximum intensity projiection,MIP)和表面遮盖成像(surface shaded display,SSD).其中25例行支气管动脉CT仿真内镜(CT virtual endoscopy,CTVE)成像.每个肺癌病灶同时行VR彩色三维成像,用肺癌病灶VR彩色图像红色色彩程度代表其血供状况.结果:68例肺癌血管三维重建显示供血血管,其中59例肺癌仅见支气管动脉;5例肺癌仅见肋间动脉:4例肺癌呈混合型,包括支气管动脉、肋间动脉和锁骨下动脉分支血管.4例肺癌纵隔转移淋巴结见支气管动脉进入其内.25例肺癌支气管动脉CTVE可较好显示其开口及血管内腔状况.72例肺癌VR彩色图像红色色彩程度分为4种类型:无色彩(11例),轻度(17例),中度(32例)和重度(12例),其增强后增加CT值分别为(6.16±2.23)Hu,(15.71±3.13)Hu,(25.47±2.71)Hu,(44.31±19.68)Hu.72例肺癌VR彩色成像红色色彩分布形态与其CT强化形态两者一致率为86.1%.结论:16层螺旋CT血管造影及三维重建和CT仿真内镜技术可较好显示肺癌供血血管及血供状况,是诊断与评价肺癌血供一种无创伤性、简便、有效方法.     

多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建技术在肝癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建技术在肝癌诊断中的应用价值。方法选择拟诊为肝癌患者81例作为研究对象,所有患者给予多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建,记录造影参数,判断诊断价值。结果在81例患者中,病理诊断为肝癌67例,肝硬化14例,肝癌患者的BF值显著高于肝硬化患者,BV、TTS与TTP值显著低于肝硬化(P<0.05)。CT三维重建图像均可清晰所有患者的肝动脉,MIP、DSA、MPR/CPR重建方法显示肝血管有高度一致性,重建评分对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建诊断肝癌的敏感性、特异性与准确性分别为95.5%、81.3%和95.1%。结论多层螺旋CT血管造影三维重建技术在肝癌诊断中的应用具有很高的诊断敏感性、特异性与准确性,可反映肝脏血流的灌注状况,可清晰肝脏血管结构。     

CT血管造影在肾上腺恶性肿瘤介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)及三维重建对肾上腺肿瘤介入治疗的指导价值。方法对5例肾上腺皮质癌患者,在介入治疗前后分别行MSCTA检查,并应用最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现技术(VRT)对肿瘤血管进行三维重建。结果5例患者共进行MSCTA检查及三维重建7次,共发现肿瘤血管及侧支血管21支。MSCTA在显示肿瘤血管及其解剖关系方面优于数字减影血管造影(DSA)。结论MSCTA检查及三维重建,能全面、清晰地显示肾上腺肿瘤的供血血管的起源、数量,对制定手术方案具有重要指导意义。     

多层螺旋CT在早期肺癌筛查中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT扫描技术在早期肺癌筛查中的临床价值.方法 选取早期肺癌患者160例,进行多层螺旋CT扫描诊断,观察CT片中患者肺部轮廓及病灶扫描图像,将CT诊断结果与病理检查结果比较,研究多层螺旋CT扫描技术在早期肺癌筛查中的准确率.结果 多层螺旋CT扫描能清晰显示患者胸部各叶细节结构,肺部轮廓、病灶形状等.160例早期肺癌患者中,经过多层螺旋CT扫描诊断确诊151例,准确率为94.37％,与病理检查结果相比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);72例周围型肺癌患者中,确诊71例,准确率98.61％;88例中央型肺癌中,确诊80例,准确率为90.90％.多层螺旋CT诊断周围型肺癌、中央型肺癌准确率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 多层螺旋CT扫描技术下,肺部组织轮廓、病灶显示清晰,在早期肺癌筛查中准确率较高,值得推广使用.但在中央型肺癌早期筛查时漏诊率相对较高,需要采用病理检查等其他方式辅助诊断,提高准确率.     

多层螺旋CT三维重建在骨肿瘤诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT三维重建在骨肿瘤诊断中的临床价值.方法 选取80例骨肿瘤患者,先经多层螺旋CT三维重建技术诊断,后经MRI诊断.观察并记录2种诊断方式对骨肿瘤的确诊率,对恶性骨肿瘤临床分期确诊情况,评估多层螺旋CT三维重建技术对骨肿瘤的诊断价值.结果 多层螺旋CT三维重建的确诊率为88.8%,MRI确诊率为73.8%,多层螺旋CT三维重建的确诊率明显高于MRI(P＜0.05).采用多层螺旋CT三维重建对恶性骨肿瘤进行临床分期与病理、X线联合诊断结果无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 多层螺旋CT三维重建技术可以准确诊断骨肿瘤病理性质,也能有效确诊恶性骨肿瘤的临床分期,为后续手术提供临床诊断依据.     

多层螺旋CT血管造影在中央型肺癌侵犯纵隔和肺门血管中的应用研究

目的评价多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)判断中央型肺癌(CLC)侵犯纵隔、肺门血管的准确性,探讨其临床应用价值。方法对39例经手术、病理证实的CLC患者术前行螺旋CT增强扫描,扫描延迟时间为25s,层厚2.5mm,范围从主动脉弓到双下肺静脉下缘。在独立的计算机工作站(AW4.0)进行图像分析,采用多平面重建(MPR)及容积再现(VR)显示纵隔、肺门血管,分析肺癌侵犯肺血管的程度,其结果与手术结果比较。结果重建图像质量很好、好、差分别占53.9%、41.0%和5.1%。轴位图像与VR及VR MPR对纵隔、肺门血管肿瘤侵犯评价的准确率分别为79.28%、91.89%和96.40%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论MSCTA图像重建能够准确、直观地显示肺血管的立体解剖特点以及与肺癌的空间毗邻关系,为制定手术治疗方案提供了客观依据,是CT轴位图像的重要补充。     

128层螺旋CT泌尿系造影及其三维重建在下腔静脉后输尿管诊断中的应用

目的:总结下腔静脉后输尿管(retrocaval ureter,RU)的CT影像特点,并探讨CT泌尿系造影(CT urography,CTU)并多层面图像重建在腔静脉后输尿管术前诊断中的应用价值.方法:分析10例下腔静脉后输尿管患者的CT及其三维重建表现,观察总结病变输尿管的影像学特征.结果:10例患者均显影良好,诊断明确,动态延迟扫描容积重建(volume rendering,VR)均可以直观见到扩张的输尿管内造影剂充盈,呈“大喇叭状”或“萝卜根状”.结论:MSCTU及其三维重建可以直观显示输尿管和下腔静脉的解剖关系,具有无创、准确率高的特点,是诊断腔静脉后输尿管最好的方法.     

多层螺旋CT多平面重建后处理技术对肺内占位良恶性的鉴别诊断意义

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT多平面重建后处理技术对肺内占位良恶性的鉴别诊断意义。方法:2016年5月到2018年6月选择在我院进行诊治的肺内占位病变患者194例，所有患者均给予常规多层螺旋CT与CT多平面重建后处理技术检查，记录影像学特征，并判断鉴别诊断良恶性的效果。结果:在194例患者中，病理诊断为良性病变100例(良性组)，诊断为恶性病变94例(恶性组)，恶性组与良性组CT常规特征中的分叶征、锯齿征、毛刺征、血管聚集征、空泡征等比例差异显著(P＜0.05)。所有患者CT多平面重建后处理图像均可清晰显示肺动脉，不同重建方法显示肺部血管有高度一致性，重建评分对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。多层螺旋CT多平面重建后处理鉴别诊断肺内占位病变良恶性的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、灵敏度以及特异度分别为90.5%、91.9%、91.5%和91.0%。结论:多层螺旋CT多平面重建后处理技术在肺内占位病变中的应用获取图像清晰，重建区域自由，能有效鉴别诊断良恶性状况。     

MSCT支气管动脉三维成像对中心型肺癌的血供研究及其临床意义(英文)

目的探讨多层螺旋 CT(MSCT)三维支气管动脉成像在中心型肺癌中的影像学表现及应用价值,为中心型肺癌的血供来源和介入治疗提供理论依据。方法对18例中心型肺癌的病人行 MSCT 造影增强检查,采用实时螺旋薄层 CT 扫描,在独立工作站行支气管动脉三维重建,使用不同的旋转轴观察支气管动脉的空间解剖细节。结果其中6例(33.33%)中心型肺癌的支气管动脉三维图像能够清晰显示出去支气管动脉的起源、走行的路径(肺内段和纵隔段)和血管直径等情况。有肺动脉明显狭窄截断的病例支气管动脉显示率最高,且明显增粗,表明此类肺癌的血供来源主要以支气管动脉为主。三维成像中以容积显示技术(SVR 像)显示最佳。结论 MSCT 三维支气管动脉成像能够准确、直观地显示支气管动脉的空间解剖特点,为中心型肺癌的血供研究与介入治疗提供理论基础。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.