红花注射液对脑缺血-再灌注损伤家兔血浆TXA2/PGI2水平的影响

目的　探讨红花注射液对脑缺血再灌注损伤家兔血浆TXA₂/PGI₂ 的影响。方法　制作家兔脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,30只家兔随机平均分为红花注射液组、生理盐水组和假手术对照组,应用放射免疫法分别测定缺血前;缺血30min ;再灌注30 ,60 ,1 2 0min5个时点血浆TXB₂,6 酮基 PGF1а及其比值,并行脑组织电镜观察。结果　缺血再灌注组家兔脑缺血再灌注30min ,60min ,1 2 0min时血浆TXB₂水平明显高于假手术对照组(P<0.05) ;缺血前、缺血30min两组家兔的血浆6 酮基PGF_1a无明显变化(P>0.05) ;再灌注30min ,60min ,1 2 0min时缺血 再灌注组家兔的血浆6 酮基PGF_1a显著低于假手术对照组(P<0.05和P<0.01) ,血浆TXB₂/6 酮基PGF_1a比值增加(P<0.05和P<0.01 ) ;缺血 再灌注组脑组织超微结构发生异常改变,应用红花注射液治疗能降低TXB₂水平,升高6 酮基PGF_1a水平,使血浆TXB₂/6 酮基 PGF_1a比值保持在正常水平,脑组织超微结构异常改变减轻。结论　红花注射液可纠正脑缺血 再灌注后循环血中TXA₂/PGI₂的平衡失调及脑组织超微结构的异常改变,减轻脑缺血 再灌注损伤     

丁基苯酞对原代培养的大鼠皮层神经细胞外液6-keto-PGF1α和TXB2及其比值的影响

目的旨在观察丁基苯酞(NBP)对神经细胞培养液中6-酮-PGF_1α和TXB₂含量及其比值的影响。用放射免疫方法,结果发现神经细胞在低糖低氧5h或低糖低氧5h/恢复糖氧3h条件下,d-,l-和dl-NBP(0.1～100μmol·L^-1)能够剂量依赖性升高细胞外液中的6-酮-PGF_1α含量,降低TXB₂水平,从而使6-酮-PGF_1α与TXB₂比值升高。而阿司匹林仅在小剂量(0.1,1μmol·L^-1)时能升高6-酮 PGF^1α与TXB^{2比值,大剂量(10,100μmol·L-1)时无影响。提示:NBP对6-酮-PGF_1α/TXB₂比值的升高可能与其增加局部脑血流和改善缺血性脑损伤有关。}     

3,4-二羟基苯乙酮对家兔血小板释放血栓素A2的影响

3,4-二羟基苯乙酮(DHAP)俸内体外给药,都明显抑制胶原或花生四烯酸诱导家兔血小板释放的血栓素B₂含量,剂量与效应相关,生物测定法与放射免疫分析所得结果相平行。实验结果还表明,AA较胶原诱导血小板释放TXB₂量强3～6倍。如不加诱导剂,血小板自发性释放TXB₂量甚微。此外,DHAP抑制AA诱导血小板释放TXB₂的作用也较胶原诱导时为强。DHAP是环加氧酶抑制剂,还是TXA₂合成酶抑制剂,有待进一步证实。     

阿魏酸钠对花生四烯酸代谢的影响

利用放射薄层方法测定兔血小板花生四烯酸代谢产物TXB₂,PGE₂和PGF_2α。用放射免疫法测定兔血小板TXB₂及主动脉6-keto-PGF_1α。阿魏酸钠(SF,0.1～3.2 mmol/L),抑制¹⁴C-花生四烯酸转化为TXB₂,呈剂量效应关系,IC₅₀为0.762 mmol/L。SF在较高浓度(0.8～3.2mmol/L)时亦抑制PGE₂,PGF_2α的生成。用放免法观察到,SF对血小板TXB₂和动脉壁6-keto-PGF_1α的生成均有抑制作用,对TXB₂的作用较强。结果提示,SF可抑制兔血小板和动脉壁环氧酶活性。     

咪苯嗪酮对TXA2和HHT生成的选择性抑制作用

咪苯嗪酮(CI-914)能抑制大鼠血小板环氧酶和TXA₂合成酶产物HHT的生成,而对脂氧酶产物12-HETE的生成仅高浓度药物才有弱的抑制作用,提示CI-914主要影响花生四烯酸(AA)环氧酶途径,而对脂氧酶途径影响较少。在大鼠血小板和中性白细胞CI-914能抑制TXA₂的生成,同时CI-914还可使白细胞6-keto-PGF_1a和血小板PGE₂的产生量显著增加,提示CI-914在这两种细胞引起了AA的转向合成。上述结果基本证实,CI-914在大鼠中性白细胞和血小板对TXA₂合成酶具有选择性抑制作用。     

苏金抗纤饮对平阳霉素诱发大鼠肺间质纤维化干预作用的实验研究

目的探讨苏金抗纤饮治疗肺间质纤维化的作用和机制。方法以平阳霉素(PYMA₅)复制大鼠肺间质纤维化模型,对其进行肺组织形态学观察、肺组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)及血浆TXB₂/6-Keto-PGF_1α测定。结果苏金抗纤饮组治疗后肺泡炎及肺纤维化明显减轻,Hyp含量明显低于模型组(P<0.05),TXB₂/6-Keto-PGF_1α明显低于模型组(P<0.05),其中高剂量组TXB₂/6-Keto-PGF_1α还明显低于泼尼松组(P<0.05)。结论苏金抗纤饮有明显减缓肺泡炎、增强抗损伤的作用,对肺间质纤维化有防治作用,有剂量依赖关系。     

前列腺素F2α放射免疫分析及其应用

A specific antibody against prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) was obtained from rabbits immunized with PGF_2α conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin (BTG) by N, N-Carbonyl-diimidazole (CDI). A sensitive, accurate, precise and convenient radioimmunoassay for PGF_2α has been established in our laboratory by use of this antibody, and the normal levels of PGF_2αin plasma and tissues of human and animals were measured.     

16-(m-氯苯氧基)-17,18,19,20失四碳前列腺素F2α的全合成

A simplified synthetic method for compound (1) was described. Both α,β-unsaturated ketone and y-lactone of (4)b were reduced with Dibal simultaneously to corresponding allylic hydroxy group and γ-lactol in good yield. Without protecting the hydroxy group, the mixture (6) was transformed to the target compound (1) by the known method.     

天然前列腺素F2α的合成

In a previous paper⁽¹⁾ we reported a stereocontrolled synthesis of recemic form of PGF_2α. In this note we outline the synthesis of PGF_2α following essentially the same approach but via a resolution of the intermediate dl-lactone (Ⅰ) and using the l-form (Ⅰa) for the subsequent steps resulting in the naturally occurring PGF_2α. While from the d-lactone (Ⅰb)ent-13-dehydro-15-epi-PGF_2α was obtained as the parallel end product.     

Endothelin receptors and calcium translocation pathways in human airways

Tension and phosphatidyl inositol (PI) turnover experiments were conducted to investigate the receptors and signal transduction pathways responsible for contractions elicited by endothelin (ET) ligands in human bronchus. Nicardipine (1 μM), the L-type calcium channel inhibitor, or incubation in Ca²⁺-free medium, produced marked inhibition of contractions to the ET_B receptor-selective agonist, sarafotoxin S6c, and especially those induced by KCl. In contrast, Ca²⁺-free medium was without appreciable effect against contraction produced by endothelin-1 (ET-1), the non-selective ET_A and ET_B receptor agonist. In Ca²⁺-free medium, ryanodine (10 μM), which inhibits intracellular calcium mobilization, reduced sarafotoxin S6c- and ET-1-induced responses, but was without effect on responses to KCl. Similarly, nickel chloride (Ni²⁺; 1 mM) caused marked inhibition of contractions induced by sarafotoxin S6c or ET-1, but had no significant effect on KCl concentration-response curves. The mixed ET_A/ET_B receptor antagonist SB 209670 (3 μM) inhibited responses to sarafotoxin S6c and ET-1 such that concentration-response curves were shifted rightward, at the 30% maximum response level, by 10.0- and 3.8-fold, respectively, whereas BQ-123 (3 μM), the ET_A receptor antagonist, was without effect on responses induced by either agonist. ET-1 (1 nM–0.3 μM) caused a concentration-dependent stimulation of PI turnover, whereas sarafotoxin S6c (0.3 nM–0.1 μM) induced only small and variable increases, except at the highest concentration. The increase in PI turnover evoked by ET-1 was inhibited by SB 209670 (3 μM), and also by BQ-123 (3 μM). This is consistent with linkage of ET_A receptors to activation of inositol phosphate generation in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. Collectively, the data suggest that differences exist in the relative contributions of intracellular and extracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization mechanisms elicited by ET_A and ET_B receptor activation. Thus, sarafotoxin S6c-induced, ET_B receptor-mediated contraction in human bronchial smooth muscle appears to be dependent, in part, upon extracellular Ca²⁺, although a significant component of the response was also mediated by intracellular Ca²⁺ release, including from ryanodine-sensitive stores. ET_A receptor-mediated contraction of human airway smooth muscle was activated largely via the release of intracellular Ca²⁺. Received: 21 July 1998 / Accepted: 26 January 1999     

丁基苯酞对大鼠局灶性脑缺血和重灌后脑内TXB2和6—keto—PGF1α…

目的：观察丁基苯酞（ＮＢＰ）对大鼠局灶性脑缺血及重灌后海马，纹状体和皮层中ＴＸＢ２及６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量的影响，方法：尼龙线栓塞法造成大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型，ＴＸＢ２和６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α用放免法测定。结果：ＮＢＰ１０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１治疗对缺血重灌注后脑组织中ＴＸＢ２的产生具有抑制作用，但对６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α的产生无明显作用，ＮＢＰ２０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１治疗后，重灌５ｍｉｎ缺血脑组织     

乙酰丹酚酸A对血小板花生四烯酸代谢的影响

乙酰丹酚酸Ａ对血小板花生四烯酸代谢的影响吁文贵徐理纳（中国医学科学院、中国协和医科大学药物研究所，北京１０００５０）乙酰丹酚酸Ａ（ａｃｅｔｙｌｓａｌｖｉａｎｏｌｉｃａｃｉｄＡ，ＡＳＡＡ）在体内外能明显抑制花生四烯酸（ａｒａｃｈｉｄｏｎｉｃａｃｉｄ，Ａ...     

Prostacyclin and thromboxanes in carrageenan-induced pleurisy in the rat

The cellular origin and kinetics of TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha in carrageenan-induced pleurisy has been studied. Maximum levels of these prostanoids occurred 1 hour after induction of pleurisy. Mononuclear cells initially present in the pleural cavity synthesized TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha from (14C) arachidonic acid. By contrast, PMN cells harvested 6 hours after the induction of inflammation did not produce 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Selective inhibition of thromboxane synthetase with drugs in vitro and in vivo increased the formation of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable breakdown product of PGI2. This metabolic effect was parallel to an increase in the volume of exudate and in PMN migration. These results suggest that TXA2 seems to be implicated not only as a chemotactic agent but also as an antagonist of PGI2 vasodilator effects.     

Roles of endogenous prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the ischemic canine heart

The ability of the ischemic heart to release prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) was studied, together with the effects of these substances on the ischemic myocardium in open-chest dogs. We measured the plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2--which are stable metabolites of PGI2 and TXA2, respectively--as well as lactate and coronary venous blood flow. The dogs were divided into three groups of eight animals which received indomethacin (5 mg/kg), (E)-3-[4-l-imidazolylmethyl)phenyl]-2-propenoic acid hydrochloride monohydrate (OKY-046) (1 mg/kg), or the vehicle. A transient increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was observed in the great cardiac vein 5 min after the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). TXB2 and lactate increased 30 and 15 min, respectively, after the ligation. Indomethacin prevented significant increases in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2, but accelerated the lactate release. OKY-046 prevented significant increases in TXB2 and lactate release, but did not counteract the increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Although coronary venous flow decreased significantly 5 min after the ligation in every group, the flow returned to the preligation level 15 min after the ligation in the OKY-046 and the vehicle groups. Thus, we have demonstrated the release of PGI2 and TXA2 from the ischemic heart and suggest beneficial effects of PGI2 and of a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase on the ischemic myocardium.     

绞股蓝提取物对家兔血小板聚集和花生四烯酸代谢的影响

绞股蓝提取物(0.25～2g/L,终浓度)在体外明显抑制花生四烯酸诱导的家兔血小板聚集和血栓素B_2(TXB_2)释放,剂量与效应相关;该药抑制血小板释放TXB_2的ID_(50)为0.28g/L。体内实验静脉注射绞股蓝提取物35mg/kg后10和20min时,血小板聚集明显抑制,10～40min期间血小板释放TXB_2量明显减少,以10和20min时最著。该药(0.25～4g/L)在体外对家兔胸主动脉释放6-酮-PGF_(1α)无影响。实验结果表明,绞股蓝提取物对降低血栓素A_2/前列环素比值有较好作用。     

Effects of scorpion venom bioactive polypolypeptides on platelet aggregation and thrombosis and plasma 6-keto-PG F1alpha and TXB2 in rabbits and rats.

Effects of scorpion venom active polypeptide (SVAP) from scorpion venom of Buthus Martensii Karsch of Chinese on platelet aggregation in ex vivo and vitro in rabbits, thrombosis in carotid artery of rats and plasma 6-keto-PG F1alpha and TXB2 in rats were studied by the turbidimetry, the duplicated thrombosis model by electrostimulation and RIA, respectively. The results showed that SVAP 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 mg/ml inhibited significantly the rabbit platelet aggregation triggered by 0.3 U/ml thrombin, 10 microM ADP in vitro (P<0.05 or 0.01) and SVAP at the dose of 0.32, 0.64 mg/kg iv prolonged distinctively the occlusion time of thrombosis that were induced by electrical stimulation. Increased% of 0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/kg were 30.16, 71.74, 98.27%, respectively, which showed a good dose-effect relationship. SVAP 0.22 mg/ml (in vitro) or 0.2, 0.4 mg/kg (in ex vivo) could obviously increase the plasma concentration of 6-keto-PG F1alpha, but slightly effect rats plasma concentration of TXB2 in vitro and in ex vivo and significantly increase of value of PG I2/TXA2, which suggested that the mechanism of the antithrombotic action of SVAP is related to the resistance against platelet aggregation, increase of the concentration of PG I2 in plasma.