门诊青少年焦虑障碍患者团体认知行为治疗的3个月随访研究

目的:评估门诊焦虑障碍青少年团体认知行为治疗(GCBT)的有效性。方法:对儿童青少年门诊就诊的70例13～18岁焦虑障碍青少年采用随机抽样方法,分为GCBT组和等待对照(WLC)组。GCBT组接受为期8周、每周1次、每次120 min的GCBT治疗。在治疗前填写自制一般情况问卷,治疗前、治疗8周后、治疗结束3个月后用儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)进行测试。结果:GCBT组共34例完成研究,3个月后的随访有17例参加。WLC组共22例完成8周随访。与WLC组相比GCBT组治疗后青少年焦虑障碍患者SCARED总分及广泛性焦虑、躯体化、社交焦虑、分离性焦虑因子分呈显著性下降(t=6.24,P0.01;t=4.58,P0.01,t=4.31,P0.01,t=4.17,P0.01)。治疗结束后3个月随访发现患者SCARED总分及广泛性焦虑、躯体化、社交焦虑、分离性焦虑因子分呈明显下降趋势(F=11.26,P0.01;F=11.38,P0.01;F=11.01,P0.01;F=20.02;P0.01)。结论:GCBT能有效缓解门诊焦虑障碍青少年的焦虑情绪。     

精神分裂症高危人群的认知功能与焦虑、抑郁及精神病性症状

目的评估精神分裂症高危人群的认知功能与焦虑、抑郁及精神病性症状,为该人群的早期干预提供科学依据.方法收集来源于中国医科大学附属第一医院精神医学科和沈阳市精神卫生中心就诊的门诊和住院的精神分裂症患者健康子女109人作为精神分裂症遗传高危组,通过广告招募的与精神分裂症患者健康子女年龄、性别、受教育年限相匹配的健康人群,共109人作为健康对照组.两组分别完成威斯康星卡片测试(WCST)、认知成套测试(MCCB)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)和简明精神症状量表(BPRS)测试.对两组被试者的一般人口学资料、认知状况及临床特征进行统计分析处理.结果(1)精神分裂症高危组在执行功能WCST卡片测试中的总正确数(Z=-4.54,P<0.01)、正确分类数(Z=-3.78,P<0.01)、总错误数(Z=-4.49,P<0.01)、持续错误数(Z=-3.91,P<0.01)及非持续错误数(Z=-3.38,P<0.01)与健康对照组比较,差异有统计学意义;(2)精神分裂症高危组在MCCB总分(t=11.58,P<0.01)、符号编码(t=11.25,P<0.01)、视觉空间记忆(t=4.59,P=0.04)、持续操作测验(t=6.18,P=0.02)显著低于健康对照组;(3)精神分裂症高危组在HAMA总分(t=2.54,P=0.01)、HAMD-17总分(t=3.03,P<0.01)和抑郁量表中的躯体性焦虑因子(t=2.70,P<0.01)、核心抑郁因子(t=3.04,P<0.01)评分显著高于健康对照组;(4)精神分裂症高危组在BPRS总分(t=3.14,P<0.01)、焦虑和抑郁因子分(t=2.90,P<0.01)亦显著高于健康对照组.结论精神分裂症高危人群不仅存在认知功能损害,而且焦虑、抑郁以及精神病性症状高于健康人群.     

高中一年级学生述情障碍与焦虑的相关性

目的探讨高中一年级学生述情障碍与焦虑的关系。方法采用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-26)及状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)对2013年秋季入学的北京市海淀区某中学282名高中一年级学生的述情障碍和焦虑程度进行调查。结果TAS总评分及TAS-因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ评分分别与STAI总评分、状态焦虑、特质焦虑评分呈正相关(r=0.237~0.431,P0.01),TAS-因子Ⅲ评分与STAI总评分、状态焦虑、特质焦虑评分呈负相关(r=-0.251~-0.229,P0.01)。结论高中一年级学生述情障碍水平与焦虑程度相关,述情障碍可能是焦虑的个性基础。     

躯体化症状为主抑郁症患者的述情障碍

目的:探讨以躯体化症状为主抑郁症患者和以情绪症状为主抑郁症患者述情障碍的差异。方法:50例以躯体化症状为主抑郁症患者(躯体症状组)、50例以情绪症状为主抑郁症患者(情绪症状组)和50名正常健康者(正常对照组)参加研究,采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和多伦多述情障碍量表进行评定。结果:躯体症状组SCL-90总分、躯体化、焦虑、人际敏感、恐怖、偏执因子分及HAMD的焦虑/躯体化因子评分均高于情绪症状组(P<0.01或P<0.05),情绪症状组在强迫、抑郁因子评分及HAMD的认知障碍、阻滞、日夜变化、睡眠障碍及绝望因子分高于躯体症状组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。躯体症状组与情绪症状组仅在述情障碍因子II评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在述情障碍总分及因子分上均高于正常对照组(P<0.05或P<0.001)。结论:以躯体化症状为主和以情绪症状为主抑郁症患者均存在述情障碍,以前者更缺乏识别情绪和躯体感受能力。     

门诊焦虑障碍患者的自我分化水平研究

目的 探讨精神科门诊焦虑障碍患者的自我分化水平及其与焦虑特质的关系.方法 对符合简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)中文版诊断的123名焦虑障碍患者和120名健康对照予以自我分化量表修订版的中文版(DSI-R)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)问卷调查.结果 (1)焦虑障碍组DSI-R总分、情绪反应性(ER)维度和自我位置(IP)维度分值低于健康对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01),而情感断绝(EC)维度和与他人融合(FO)维度分值两组差异无显著性;(2)焦虑障碍组年龄与DSI-R总分、ER、IP、EC维度呈正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),与FO维度无相关关系.男性焦虑障碍患者的ER维度分值高于女性焦虑障碍患者(P＜0.05),健康对照组年龄与IP维度正相关(P＜0.01),未婚者的DSI-R总分及ER维度分值高于已婚者(P＜0.01);(3)逐步回归分析表明,情绪反应性(ER)和自我位置(IP)是特质焦虑的重要预测因素,能联合预测特质焦虑的27.2％(焦虑障碍组)、39.9％(健康对照组)的变异量.结论 焦虑障碍患者自我分化水平较健康对照组低,自我分化能预测个体的焦虑特质.     

安徽省某城市高三学生的考前焦虑情绪与述情障碍的相关研究

目的探讨城市高三学生考前焦虑的状况及与述情障碍之间的关系。方法本研究为横断面调查,采用随机整群抽样的方法于2013年1月在安徽省合肥市两所高中抽取342名高三学生为调查对象,采用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)进行问卷调查。结果高三学生状态焦虑和特质焦虑分高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。高三学生状态焦虑、特质焦虑得分与述情障碍总分、因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅱ呈正相关,与述情障碍因子Ⅲ呈负相关(r=-0.226~0.363,P0.05或0.01)。述情障碍因子Ⅲ对状态焦虑和特质焦虑均有负向预测作用;述情障碍因子Ⅱ对状态焦虑有正向预测作用,述情障碍因子Ⅰ对特质焦虑有正向预测作用。结论高三学生考前的焦虑情绪检出率相对较高,述情障碍可影响和预测考前焦虑水平。     

精神疾病患者家属焦虑抑郁状况及病耻感、家庭负担研究

目的:探讨精神疾病患者家属的焦虑、抑郁状况及病耻感、家庭负担。方法:采用广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)及9项患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)评估125名精神疾病患者家属的焦虑及抑郁水平,以GAD-7或PHQ-9评分≥5分别纳入焦虑组(n=62)与抑郁组(n=64),其余为非焦虑组(n=63)与非抑郁组(n=61)。采用精神疾病患者公众恐惧和行为倾向问卷(FABI)及家庭负担访谈问卷(FEIS)评估两亚组病耻感及家庭负担,并进行比较。结果:焦虑与非焦虑组、抑郁与非抑郁组间FABI评分差异无统计学意义。焦虑组FEIS总分及家属的抑郁、焦虑、被孤立感因子分、家属感知的患者自杀倾向因子分明显高于非焦虑组(P0.05或P0.01);抑郁组FEIS总分及家属感知的患者暴力行为因子分、家属的抑郁、焦虑、被孤立感因子分明显高于非抑郁组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:精神疾病患者家属出现焦虑、抑郁的比率明显高于一般人群。不论是否有焦虑、抑郁,均存在明确的病耻感;有焦虑、抑郁情绪的患者家属感知的家庭负担水平更重。     

脑挫裂伤后患者心理健康状况研究

目的 探讨脑挫裂伤后患者的心理健康状况.方法 采用临床症状自评量表(SCL-90)、状态特质问卷(STAI)对242例脑挫裂伤患者与100例正常组做对照,进行前瞻性研究分析.结果 SCL-90提示研究组各项因子分均高于对照组,其中焦虑、躯体化、人际关系因子分最为突出,敌对、精神病性、抑郁因子分有显著差异(P<0.01).在STAI检测中,状态焦虑问卷(S-AI)因子分显著高于特质焦虑问卷(T-AI)因子分,差异显著(P<0.01).结论 脑挫裂伤后患者普遍存在不同程度的心理障碍.提示:在治疗脑挫裂伤的过程中,应配合心理治疗,对疾病的恢复有极其重要的影响.     

艾司西酞普兰治疗广泛性焦虑的疗效观察

目的探讨艾司西酞普兰治疗广泛性焦虑的疗效及安全性。方法将64例广泛性焦虑患者随机分为研究组(艾司西酞普兰组)与对照组(文拉法辛组)各32例,分别予艾司西酞普兰与文拉法新治疗,疗程均为6周。分别采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、临床疗效总评量表-病情严重度(CGI-SI)、艾森贝格抗抑郁剂副反应量表(SERS)于治疗前及治疗第1,46周末进行评定。结果艾司西酞普兰组在治疗后各个时点2,,的HAMA总分、精神性症状分、躯体性症状分、CGI-SI评分均明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。文拉法新组在治疗后第1周末躯体性症状分与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HAMA总分、精神性症状分、CGI-SI评分从治疗后第2周起明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。艾司西酞普兰组在治疗后各个时点躯体性症状分均低于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。艾司西酞普兰组总有效率为84.28%,显效率为66.67%;与文拉法新组总有效率78.13%、显效率为53.33%比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。艾司西酞普兰组在治疗第1,周末SERS2总分与文拉法新组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗后6周末两组的SERS总分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论艾司西酞普兰治疗广泛性焦虑有良好疗效,起较更快,不良反应轻微。     

早年创伤经历、状态-特质焦虑与冠心病的相关性研究

目的:探讨早年创伤经历、状态-特质焦虑与冠心病的关系。方法:对51例冠心病患者(冠心病组)、23例非冠心病胸痛患者(非冠心病组)及60名正常对照者(正常对照组)进行早年创伤问卷简表(ETI-SF)及状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)问卷调查并比较分析冠状动脉狭窄与ETI-SF、STAI评分的关系。结果:ETI-SF总分及普通创伤、躯体创伤评分3组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=24.625,F=12.125,F=7.098;P均0.01);冠心病组ETI-SF总分显著高于非冠心病组及正常对照组(F=0.565,F=-0.823;P均0.01);普通创伤分、躯体创伤分、情感虐待分显著高于正常对照组(F=0.588,F=0.469,F=0.436;P均0.01)。STAI中特质焦虑评分3组间差异有统计学意义(F=4.730,P=0.01);冠心病组状态焦虑、特质焦虑得分显著高于正常对照组(F=4.021,F=4.932;P0.05或P0.01)。ETI-SF评分与冠脉狭窄程度正相关(r=0.387,P0.01)。结论:冠心病患者具有明显的焦虑倾向;早年创伤经历与冠状动脉狭窄程度有关。     

Examination of the decline in symptoms of anxiety and depression in generalized anxiety disorder: impact of anxiety sensitivity on response to pharmacotherapy

Pharmacotherapy is an effective treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), but few studies have examined the nature of decline of anxiety and depression during pharmacotherapy for GAD and even fewer studies have examined predictors of symptom decline. This study examined the decline in symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with GAD during a 6-week open trial of fluoxetine. Growth curve analyses indicated that pharmacotherapy with fluoxetine led to significant declines in symptoms of anxiety and depression over the 6 weeks of treatment. However, the decay slope observed for anxiety symptoms was significantly greater than that for depressive symptoms. Further analyses revealed that the decline in anxiety remained significant after accounting for the changes in symptoms of depression. However, the effect of treatment on depression was no longer significant after controlling for the reduction in anxiety symptoms. Overall anxiety sensitivity (AS) did not moderate the level of reduction in symptoms of anxiety or depression during pharmacotherapy. However, AS specific to physical concerns demonstated a marginal negative association with decline in anxiety and depression. AS specific to social concerns also demonstrated a marginal negative association with decline in anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that the decline in anxiety symptoms is independent of the decline in symptoms of depression during pharmacotherapy for GAD and specific AS dimensions may predict symptom change in GAD.     

A community-based epidemiological study of health anxiety and generalized anxiety disorder

This community-based study examined the frequency of worry about personal health in respondents with and without generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and the impact of health anxiety on the disorder. A random community-based telephone survey of 5118 Chinese respondents aged 18–64 was conducted. A fully structured questionnaire covered the DSM-IV-TR criteria of GAD, major depressive episode (MDE), eight domains of worry, the seven-item Whiteley Index (WI-7), health service use, and socio-demographic information. Worry about personal health ranked fifth (75.6%) among eight domains of worries examined. GAD respondents with high level of health anxiety were significantly older, less educated, and had lower family income. High health anxiety significantly increased the occurrence of one-year MDE, previous persistent worry, previous persistent low mood, number of domains of worries, number of non-core DSM-IV-TR GAD symptoms, health service use, and mistrust of doctors. Health anxiety is common in GAD and may signify greater severity of the disorder.     

Lateralisation for processing facial emotion and anxiety: contrasting state, trait and social anxiety

Recent neuropsychological studies have attempted to distinguish between different types of anxiety by contrasting patterns of brain organisation or activation; however, lateralisation for processing emotional stimuli has received relatively little attention. This study examines the relationship between strength of lateralisation for the processing of facial expressions of emotion and three measures of anxiety: state anxiety, trait anxiety and social anxiety. Across all six of the basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) the same patterns of association were found. Participants with high levels of trait anxiety were more strongly lateralised to the right hemisphere for processing facial emotion. In contrast, participants with high levels of self-reported physiological arousal in response to social anxiety were more weakly lateralised to the right hemisphere, or even lateralised to the left hemisphere, for the processing of facial emotion. There were also sex differences in these associations: the relationships were evident for males only. The finding of distinct patterns of lateralisation for trait anxiety and self-reported physiological arousal suggests different neural circuitry for trait and social anxiety.     

Alexithymia and anxiety sensitivity in Turkish depressive,anxiety and somatoform disorder outpatients

Objective. To assess the relations between anxiety sensitivity, and dimensions of alexithymia in somatoform, anxiety and depressive disorder patients. Methods. The sample consisted of 124 patients with the diagnosis of depressive, anxiety, or somatoform spectrum disorders (DSM-IV). Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), 16-item Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), Hamilton Depression (HDRS), and Anxiety (HAS) scales were used. Results. The total sample (n=124) was divided into three diagnostic categories. There was one Depression Group (n=69). Due to small sample sizes, diagnoses in anxiety and somatoform spectrum disorders were combined in two relatively larger Anxiety (n=42) and Somatoform Groups (n=13) for statistical purposes. No statistically significant difference was found in the TAS-20 total or subscale scores between the three diagnostic groups. In all three diagnostic groups, there was a strong and significant positive correlation between ASI and TAS-20 total scores. In all three groups, there was a significant positive correlation between TAS-20 Factor 1 and ASI. In the Depression and Somatoform Groups, ASI scores were found to be significantly positively correlated with scores on TAS-20 Factor 2. Conclusion. This study reveals that alexithymia does not differentiate depressive, anxiety, or somatoform disorders, yet suggests a functional relation with anxiety sensitivity on a subscale basis.     

Sertraline in generalized anxiety disorder: efficacy in treating the psychic and somatic anxiety factors

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the efficacy of sertraline on symptoms of psychic and somatic anxiety in patients suffering from moderate-to-severe generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHOD: Out-patients with DSM-IV GAD were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with placebo. The psychic and somatic anxiety factors of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Quality of Life, Enjoyment, and Satisfaction Questionnaire were analyzed. RESULTS: Treatment with sertraline resulted in significantly greater last observation carried forward (LOCF)-endpoint improvement than placebo on both the HAM-A psychic and somatic anxiety factors. At LOCF-endpoint, all items on the HAM-A psychic factor were more improved on sertraline than placebo, as were three of seven items on the somatic factor. Reduction of secondary depressive symptoms was more correlated with endpoint improvement in quality of life than either psychic- or somatic anxiety. CONCLUSION: Sertraline treatment demonstrated efficacy for both the psychic and somatic anxiety symptoms of GAD.     

Pooled analysis of venlafaxine XR efficacy on somatic and psychic symptoms of anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

We evaluated the relative efficacy of venlafaxine XR on the psychic versus somatic symptoms of anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety disorder as determined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Data were pooled and analyzed from 1,841 patients with generalized anxiety disorder who participated in five short-term (8-week) double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled studies, two of which had long-term (6-month) extensions. Somatic and psychic anxieties were studied using the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HAM-A) factor scores. We examined response rates (> or =50% improvement over baseline severity score) in the overall population and in patients with mainly somatic symptomatology at baseline (somatizers). Venlafaxine XR significantly reduced factor scores for both psychic and somatic HAM-A factors compared with placebo, from the first and second weeks of treatment, respectively. Patients treated with venlafaxine XR had significantly higher rates of response than patients receiving placebo on the psychic (58% vs. 38%, P<.001 at week 8; 66% vs. 35% at week 24, P<.001) and somatic (56% vs. 43%, P<.001 at week 8; 67% vs. 47% at week 24, P<.001) factors of the HAM-A. There was a TreatmentxFactor interaction (P<.027) in response rates: Patients treated with venlafaxine showed similar somatic and psychic anxiety response rates, whereas placebo-treated patients showed higher somatic compared with psychic response rates. Somatizers showed similar rates of response to the total population for the somatic factor of the HAM-A in either treatment group. Patients with generalized anxiety disorder treated with venlafaxine XR showed similar absolute rates of response on somatic and psychic symptoms, but relative to patients treated with placebo, more improvement in psychic than somatic symptoms.