儿童甲状腺机能亢进伴肾功能改变的探讨

近几年来对儿童甲状腺机能亢进研究较多，但对其合并肾功能改变的报道很少，为了进一步探讨二者之间的关系，本文对11例甲状腺机能亢进（甲亢）患儿分别测定了24小时尿蛋白定量（UPQ／24h）、内生肌醉清除率（Ccr）、血、尿β2-微球蛋白（β2－M），发现甲亢患儿往往伴有不同程度的肾功能改变，应引起重视，现报道如下。对象和方法一、对象（一）对照组：10例中女性7例，男性3例，均为健康儿童，年龄10岁～14岁，平均12.8岁。既往无甲状腺疾病，无肝肾疾病或自身免疫性疾病。（二）甲亢组：11例中女性8例，男性3例，年龄6岁～15岁，平均11…     

5600例少幼儿发铜含量与健康关系

本文对佳木斯市1—14岁少幼儿共5638例(男2990例女2648),其中正常组1046例(男538例,女508例),门诊儿童发育不良、厌食、重复感染等多种疾病的患儿4592例(男2452例,女2140例)的发铜测量值进行了统计分析。得出了患儿组发铜偏低率与正常组比较有非常显著的偏高,说明发铜缺乏是少幼儿发育不良等多种疾病发生的因素之一。     

儿童头发中微量元素铁与其血红蛋白相关性的探讨

对217例无IDA阳性体征Hb＞110g／L的1-6岁及有IDA阳性体征Hb≤110g／L铁剂治疗有效儿童37例进行Hb测定及发铁测定，并对其发铁均值进行分析，结果表明，两组儿重发铁无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。正常组相关性研究表明，除1岁组儿童发铁含量与其Hb呈弱相关外，其它各组数无相关性。IDA儿童发铁与其Hb含量也不呈相关性（r＝－0．1864）。故用发铁含量代替Hb来诊断儿童IDA是不可取的。     

多糖铁复合物治疗儿童缺铁性贫血

用多糖铁复合物胶囊（每粒胶囊含铁１５０ｍｇ）治疗缺铁性贫血患儿２４例（男性１３例，女性１１例；年龄４±ｓ４ａ）。按患儿年龄和体重，每天剂量为１５－１５０ｍｇ，分１－２次服用，持续４或６ｗｋ。经治疗后，总有效率为９６％，红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血清铁、血清铁饱和度均较治疗前明显上升（Ｐ＜０．０１）。网织红细胞数也上升（Ｐ＜０．０５）。不良反应有恶心，但不影响治疗。     

46例小儿急性中毒临床分析

急性中毒是小儿时期的常见急症，也是儿童意外死亡的重要原因之一。中毒种类多种，临床表现较复杂，现将我科近几年收治的46例急性中毒患儿的临床资料分析如下：1临床资料1．1一般资料46例患儿中男孩26例，女孩对例，男与女之比为1．3：1。年龄分布为婴儿4例（42天～8个月），幼儿24例（3岁），学龄前儿童12例（4－6G岁），学龄儿童6例（7－9岁）。46例中除一例CO中毒患儿遗留癫痫后遗症外，余均痊愈。1．2中毒途径与起病形式本组患儿其中毒途径有3种；经口服中毒共34例，占74％，起病较急（30Inin－12h），经皮肤、粘膜吸收中毒7例占15％…     

小儿手足口病的护理

手足口病（Hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD）也称手足口综合征,是近几年临床较常见的一种小儿传染性疾病。是由多种肠道病毒引起的通过空气、唾液或粪便传染的疾病。以夏秋季节多见,多发于3～7岁的儿童。1957年Robinson等首先报道,多数患儿突然起病,     

50岁以上性传播疾病343例临床分析

目的：探讨50岁以上男性和女性性传播疾病（STD）的传播途径及病发率，对其生理、心理及妇科相关疾病等临床特点剖析。方法：对1992年1月～2004年10月我院皮肤科就诊50岁以上STD病例回顾分析。结果：50岁以上STD男性246例（占71.72％），女性97例（占28．28％）。传播途径男性婚外性接触有198人（占80．49％），婚内性接触14人（占5．69％），女性婚外性接触为零，婚内性接触81人（83．51％）。343例STD有7个病种。结论：50岁以上STD病发率与接受性健康教育程度差及存在生理、心理障碍是其重要因素。提示社会需要高度重视这一群体并正视对其教育辅导的重要性。     

多糖铁复合物治疗儿童缺铁性贫血

用多糖铁复合物胶囊（每粒胶囊含铁１５０ｍｇ）治疗缺铁性贫血患２４例（男性１３例，女性１１例；年龄４±ｓ４ａ）。按患儿年龄和体重，每天剂量为１５－１５０ｍｇ，分１－２次服用，持续４或６ｗｋ。经济疗后，总有效率为９６５，红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血清铁、血清铁饱和度均较治疗前明显上升（Ｐ＜０．０１）。网织红细胞数也上升（Ｐ＜０．０５）。不良反应有恶心，但不影响治疗。     

儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征40例临床分析

目的比较有无合并基础疾病的急性呼吸窘迫综合征患儿的治疗方法与预后分析。方法选取2011年1月至2013年6月本院收治确诊为急性呼吸窘迫综合征的患儿40例,分为两组,A组（无基础疾病）18例,B组（合并基础疾病）22例,其中先天性心脏病7例,免疫缺陷病9例,脑瘫并营养不良6例。结果 A组患儿常规治疗后全部治愈。B组患儿治愈4例,好转4例,死亡14例。结论合并基础疾病的急性呼吸窘迫综合征患儿治愈难,预后差,尤其并发多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）患儿治愈率极低,应引起医务人员的高度重视。     

住院婴幼儿贫血情况分析

目的调查该院住院婴幼儿贫血发病情况。方法随机抽取7个月～3岁住院患儿1800例,按年龄分为婴儿组（7～12个月）和幼儿组（13～36个月）;按疾病分为腹泻组、感染组和非感染组,各600例。均检测血红蛋白（Hb）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）等指标,部分患儿检查外周血铁元素。结果腹泻组贫血发病率及程度较呼吸道感染组和非感染组严重（P〈0.01）,且感染组高于非感染组（P〈0.01）。结论在腹泻和呼吸道感染性疾病的患儿中,贫血发病率和程度高于非感染的儿童。说明贫血对儿童的免疫功能具有一定的影响,改善婴幼儿贫血可以预防和降低疾病的发生率。     

安徽省城乡小学生身体形态与机能研究

目的了解安徽省城乡小学生身体形态与机能情况。方法以安徽省参加2010年全国学生体质健康调研的7～12岁汉族小学生共4 488人为研究对象,分析安徽省城乡小学生身体形态与机能的差异。结果安徽省小学生身体形态、机能城乡间均存在差异。城市同龄男、女生身高均高于乡村,男生8～、10～、12岁、女生7～、8～9、～1、1～岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。城市同龄男、女生体重均高于乡村男、女生,男生各年龄组,女生7～、8～、9～、11～岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。城市同龄男、女生胸围均高于乡村男、女生,男生各年龄组,女生7～、9～、11～岁组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。城市同龄男、女生BMI指数均高于乡村男、女生,男生8～、10～、11～、12岁,女生7～、12岁组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺活量城市男生各年龄组,女生除7～8、～岁组外均高于乡村,女生11～岁组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺活量体重指数城市男、女生除10～1、1～岁组外均低于乡村,男生各年龄组,女生7～8、～、11～岁组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论安徽省城市小学生的身体形态与机能普遍优于乡村小学生。     

Geroprotective properties of dimebon: morphological characterization of organs and tissues in mice after long-term treatment

It has been experimentally established that dimebon reliably increased the average and maximum life span and significantly improved the general state of C57BL/6 female mice. Compared to the control group, the animals of the test group were more active, had better hair (greater number of hair follicles per unit area of histological section of skin), and lower age-related reduction of the body weight.     

东莞市横沥镇流行性腮腺炎流行特征和防控策略

目的对东莞市横沥镇流行性腮腺炎的流行特征进行分析，判定高危人群，预测流行趋势，为制定有效防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2005至2013年东莞市横沥镇流行性腮腺炎发病资料进行分析。结果2005至2013年该镇共报告流腮病例314例，年平均报告发病率为17．56／10万，发病率在年份间的波动呈现双峰的特征；全年发病高峰为4—7月；男女性别比为2．05：1，发病年龄以0～14岁为主，发病人群主要是学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童；流动人口发病率显著高于户籍人口。结论应提高疫苗免疫覆盖率，加强流动人口儿童免疫管理，进一步落实人学查验预防接种证制度。     

The duration of ketamine detection in hair after treatment cessation: Case study and review of the literature in forensic and clinical casework

The disappearance of drug from hair does not occur immediately after abstinence because dormant hair may contribute to the positivity of freshly grown hair. The aim of this study was to assess ketamine disappearance from hair after treatment cessation and to review the literature data. A 22-year-old female received three intravenous doses of ketamine (171 mg) for major depression treatment. Seventeen weeks later, a 26 cm lock of hair was sampled, and ketamine was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) on seven segments: A (proximal, 0–2 cm), B (2–4 cm), C (4–6 cm, period of ketamine therapy), and D to G (4 × 5 cm). Ketamine concentration was 58 pg/mg in Segment C and remained detectable over 4 months after treatment cessation at 67 pg/mg in Segment B and 2 pg/mg in Segment A, representing a 97% drop from the initial concentration. Ketamine elimination half-life in hair was estimated at 0.88 month, implying that indetectable concentration should be expected 7 months after cessation. Axial diffusion was excluded as ketamine was not detected in Segments D–G. Given the low ketamine concentrations, norketamine was not detected. While no data on ketamine disappearance from hair have been published to date, previous studies have shown that discontinuation resulted in negative hair results after 3 months for heroin, 3–4 months for cocaine and tramadol, 6 months for amphetamine and methamphetamine, and 6–7 months for THC-COOH. This study provides useful findings for ketamine hair concentration interpretation, which should be validated by more consistent and comprehensive investigations.     

厌食患儿锌,铜,铁,钙营养状况的临床分析

对300例厌食患儿进行了膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙及蛋白质和热能摄入量的测算及这四种元素的发含量测定,结果表明:1.厌食组各种营养素的摄入量均低于标准供给量及正常对联组。2.厌食组发锌、铜、铁、钙含量均明显低于对照组。3.厌食组四种元素摄入量与相应发含量、蛋白质和热能摄入量均呈显著性正相关。     

Using the theory of planned behaviour and prototype willingness model to target binge drinking in female undergraduate university students

The current study investigated whether binge drinking in female undergraduates could be reduced by the mere measurement effect (MME), and by altering binge drinker prototypes from the prototype willingness model (PWM). Whether willingness added to the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was also explored. Female undergraduates aged 17-25 (N=122) were randomly allocated to a prototype manipulation, mere measurement, or control group, and completed two online questionnaires separated by 14-21 days. Controlling for past behaviour, MME group consumed less alcohol than the control group, and this effect was more extreme for those who previously consumed more alcohol. However, the prototype manipulation had no effect. The TPB variables were predictive of intentions and behaviour, but willingness was not. Despite limitations, the MME could be utilised to reduce binge drinking in female undergraduates. The TPB appears to model binge drinking in female undergraduates better than the PWM, implying that binge drinking can be a reasoned behaviour.     

The role of number of treatments in laser-assisted hair removal using a 755-nm alexandrite laser

BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that multiple laser treatments yield more effective clinical results; however, it is not clearly known whether increasing the number of treatments would affect the incidence of adverse effect. The main objective of the study was to assess the role of the number of treatments in the efficacy and safety of laser-assisted hair removal in a relatively dark-skinned population. METHODS: A retrospective study of 313 consecutive laser-assisted hair removal treatments was conducted on a total of 23 patients (22 women, 1 man) with 58 anatomic areas by means of an alexandrite laser. Skin types of III and IV were represented. The long-pulsed alexandrite system (Aphrodite, Quanta system, Italy) was used at a 755-nm wavelength to deliver fluences ranging from 17 to 25 j/cm2 through a 10 mm spot size. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the number of treatments (group I < or =4, group II = 5, group III = 6, and group IV > or =7 treatments). Digital photographs of the patients were used for hair counting. Adverse effects (hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, blister, folliculitis) were questioned. The treatment was defined as successful if there was more than 50% hair reduction and an absence of the adverse effects. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between hair reduction and number of treatments (r = .402, p < .005). The following side effects were observed: hyperpigmentation (two patients, both in group IV); hypopigmentation (one patient in group IV) and blister (one patient in group IV); folliculitis (two patients in group III and IV). Treatment was successful in 48.3% (28 out of 58) of the treatment sites. The success rate was 25% for < or =4 treatments, and 76%, 58%, and 15% for 5, 6, and > or =7 treatments respectively (p = .002). CONCLUSION: Patients who undergo more treatment sessions achieve a higher rate of hair reduction; although this may be concomitant with an increase in the incidence of adverse effects. The benefit of more laser treatments should be balanced with the risk of occurrence of side effects in each patient.     

Measurement of furancarboxylic acid, a candidate for uremic toxin, in human serum, hair, and sweat, and analysis of pharmacological actions in vitro

3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF), a candidate for uremic toxin, was measured in human hair for examining a possible utility as indicator of renal dysfunction. The serum concentration of CMPF was much higher (32.3 ± 2.7 μg/ml, n=17; mean ± SEM) in uremic patients aged 40–55 years receiving hemodialysis treatment than in healthy younger subjects (3.61 ± 0.19 μg/ml, n=22), aged 18–23 years. However, the hair concentration of CMPF tended to be lower in the patients (6.8 ± 1.7 ng/10 mg hair) than in the healthy younger subjects (15.8 ± 4.5 ng/10 mg) and was significantly lower than that in the healthy age-matched subjects (22.4 ± 5.3 ng/10 mg, n=12), aged 40–47 years. Since CMPF was measurable in the sweat (4.4 ± 3.7 ng/mg) collected from six out of seven healthy subjects examined, it was suggested that the contribution of sweat to the measurement of CMPF in hair was considerable. The fact that the uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy had less sweat than healthy subjects may explain the lower concentration of CMPF in the patients' hair. The pathophysiological roles of CMPF in the body were attempted to be explored by using excised guinea pig organs, and human platelets and neutrophils. CMPF showed no remarkable effects in the concentration range of ≤10⁻⁴ M except for only slight suppression of spontaneous contracture of guinea pig tenia coli at 10⁻⁴ M. As far as the organs and tissues examined in the present study are concerned, the biological activity of CMPF itself, if any, may be very weak. Precaution should be taken against the delivery of a substance through sweat to hair when a small amount of substance is attempted to be measured in hair by employing a sensitive analytical method. Received: 14 September 1999 / Accepted: 3 November 1999     

女军人的健康生存质量和缺铁的现状调查

目的探讨女军人铁缺乏的患病率和检验铁营养状态与健康有关的生存质量之间的关系。方法选择608名年龄19~38岁女军人,均为陆军某部现役军人。按照SF-36问卷调查健康有关的生存质量,并检查血清铁营养状态,按照血清铁的含量将研究对象分为三组：缺铁组（血清铁〈15μg/L）、临界组（血清铁15~20μg/L）,铁饱和组（血清铁〉20μg/L）。应用单变量分析比较三组军人月经期间健康有关的生存质量。结果缺铁的患病率18.2%,临界铁营养状态10.3%,就SF-36问卷而言,仅在缺铁组和饱和组之间之间有明显不同,从健康层面考虑,缺铁组健康有关的生存质量明显降低。结论 ：缺铁影响女军人的自我感觉健康状况,但需要进一步研究证实。