香砂养胃丸中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的提取及测定

目的：快速提取及测定香砂养胃丸中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚。方法：用ASE300型快速溶剂萃取系统进行快速萃取香砂养胃丸中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚，利用反相高效液相色谱法测定厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的含量，Diamonsil（TM）C18柱（250mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相：甲醇-水-冰醋酸（79：21：0．25），流速：1．0mL/min，检测波长：294nm，柱温：23℃，结果：HPLC法测得在范围内呈良好线性关系，和厚朴酚的平均回收率为100．89％，RSD为1．41％；厚朴酚的平均回收率为99．83％，RSD为1．61％。结论：本方法简便、准确、专属性强，能有效地控制香砂养胃丸的质量。     

薄层扫描法考察不同产地厚朴叶中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的含量

目的：考察各产地厚朴叶中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的含量。方法：采用薄层扫描法进行测定。结果：方法简便、快速、准确灵敏。厚朴酚平均回收率104．4％，变异系数2．4％；和厚朴酚平均回收率102．3％，变异系数3．9％。结论：厚朴叶中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚含量约为厚朴皮的1／4，可考虑作为厚朴皮的药用替代品。     

厚朴超临界CO2萃取物包合物的制备及其质量控制

目的：制备厚朴超，临界CO2萃取物（SFE—CO2萃取物）的包合物，并对包合物进行形态学观察及质量控制。方法：以羟丙基-β-环糊精为包合材料，与厚朴SFE—CO2萃取物的质量比为9：1，在一定喷雾条件下进行喷雾干燥，制成包合物；将制得的包合物经过处理后，对其形态进行电镜扫描；建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）含量测定方法，测定厚朴SFE—CO2萃取物以及其包合物中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量。结果：利用喷雾干燥法能干燥制备厚朴SFE—CO2萃取物的包合物；电镜扫描可见SFE—CO2萃取物为类球形，其周围有羟丙基-β-环糊精笼型结构；采用HPLC法进行含量测定，厚朴SFE—CO2萃取物包合物中和厚朴酚的百分含量为2．003％，厚朴酚的百分含量为1．573％，厚朴超临界CO2萃取物中和厚朴酚的百分含量为30．50％，厚朴酚的百分含量为32．84％。结论：喷雾干燥法可用于厚朴SFE—CO2萃取物的包合物制备；用电镜法和HPLC法可以对包合物的质量进行控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定舒金克喘胶囊中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的含量

目的：测定舒金克喘胶囊中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的含量。方法：色谱条件：色谱条件与系统适用性实验：Hypersil ODS2 C18分析柱（150mm 4．6mm，5μm）；流动相：甲醇：水=（78：22），检测波长294nm流速1．0ml／min，室温操作。理论塔板数按厚朴酚计算应不低于3000。结果：和厚朴酚与厚朴酚平均回收率分别为99．62%（RSD=1．34％），98．56％（RSD=1．49%）。结论：方法快速准确，样品处理简便易行。     

超声辅助提取厚朴叶中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的研究

目的研究超声辅助提取厚朴叶中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的方法。方法采用正交实验进行提取方法的研究，用HPLC法测定厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的含量，流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸（85：15：0．25），流速为1．0ml／min，检测波长为294nm，柱温为23℃。结果用超声强度中等、酒精浓度100％、提取时间为24h以及料液比1：40的提取条件可很好地提取厚朴叶中的厚朴酚及和厚朴酚，和厚朴酚、厚朴酚以及总酚的提取率分别为92．15％，70．83％和85．27％；RP-HPLC方法较好，结果理想。结论研究得到了很好的超声辅助提取厚朴叶中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定藿香正气丸中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定藿香正气丸中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量的分析方法。方法采用HPLC法,色谱条件：色谱柱C18（250mm×4．6mmI．D．,51μm）,乙腈-0．4％冰醋酸（25：75）为流动相,流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长为294nm,柱温为室温。结果HPLC法测得厚朴酚浓度在1—10μg／mL（r=0．9996）,和厚朴酚浓度在0．8—8μg／mL（r=0．9997）范围内与其峰面积线性关系良好。厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的平均回收率为99．81％和99．06％,RSD分别是0．83％、0．59％。结论该方法快速、简便、准确、重现性好,能有效地控制藿香正气丸的质量。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定木香顺气丸中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱法（ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ）测定中成药木香顺气丸中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的含量。样品用超声波震荡法提取，过滤膜净化。色谱柱：μ－ＢｏｎｄａｐａｋＣ１８（３．９×３００ｍｍ）。流动相：乙腈－水（６：４）。流速：０．８ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ。检测波长：２５４ｎｍ。外标峰面积法计算。样品加样回收率分别为９７．４％和９６．６％，变异系数分别为２．０２％和２．２％。木香顺气丸中厚朴酚的含量大于１．０３１％，和厚朴酚的含量大于０．３８１％。     

HPLC法测定参香养胃胶囊中橙皮苷、丁香酚、和厚朴酚、厚朴酚的含量

目的：建立复方制剂参香养胃胶囊中多种有效成分的含量测定方法。方法：采用梯度洗脱HPLC法对制剂中橙皮苷、丁香酚、和厚朴酚、厚朴酚等有效成分进行含量检测。结果：橙皮苷、丁香酚、和厚朴酚、厚朴酚等有效成分线性关系，在0．9997～0．9998、回收率96．4～102．0％、重复性RSD1．8～2．7％，并对其进行含量测定。结论：本测定方法简单可行、重复性好，可用于本制剂中各有效成分的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定养胃软胶囊中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量

目的建立测定养胃软胶囊中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量测定方法。方法高效液相色谱法采用Phenomenex Kromasil C18（250mm×4．6mm，5μm）色谱柱，流动相：甲醇-水（22：78），流速：1．0mL／min，检测波长294nm，柱温40℃，进样量10μL。结果厚朴酚线性范围0．0588～0．8820μg，r=0．9999，平均回收率为99．35％，RSD=1．94％；和厚朴酚线性范围0．0204～0．3060μg，r=0．9998，平均回收率为99，21％，RSD=2．10％（n=6）。结论本法分离好，快速、简便，可作为该产品的质量控制方法。     

降浊健美颗粒质量标准研究

目的：建立降浊健美颗粒的质量标准。方法：对山楂、火麻仁、陈皮进行了薄层鉴别；用HPLC法测定了降浊健美颗粒中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量。结果：厚朴酚平均回收率为98．2％，RSD为2．35％；和厚朴酚平均回收率为98．9％，RSD为2．7％。结论：方法简便、准确、重复性好，可用于控制该制剂的质量。     

不同树龄三种厚朴中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量的研究

在依据树皮年轮鉴定厚朴年龄的基础上,应用高效薄层扫描法,对不同生长年限的厚朴、凹叶厚朴、大叶木兰中所含厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的动态分布进行了含量测定,为道地药材的质量评价及合理采收提供了参考。     

种源、产地及采收树龄对厚朴药材质量的影响

目的:以厚朴酚类和挥发油类成分为指标,对影响厚朴药材质量的因素进行分析.方法:以厚朴和凹叶厚朴主产区所产的不同树龄厚朴/凹叶厚朴为研究对象,用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取样品中的挥发油,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油进行指纹图谱定性和β-桉叶醇含量测定;采用高效液相色谱技术,对厚朴酚类成分进行指纹图谱定性和含量测定.结果:厚朴和凹叶厚朴的液相色谱指纹图谱有7个相同的特征峰,气相色谱-质谱图谱中有20个相同的特征峰.厚朴样品中厚朴总酚的含量均达到药典要求.同产地不同树龄厚朴/凹叶厚朴样品中厚朴总酚的含量差别不大.湖北恩施产厚朴中厚朴总酚的含量较其他产地厚朴样品高,浙江丽水产凹叶厚朴中厚朴总酚的含量较其他产地凹叶厚朴样品低.厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的比例基本上大于0.7,凹叶厚朴基本上小于0.7.厚朴中和厚朴酚质量分数(平均值2.89%)明显比凹叶厚朴(平均值0.78%)高.在挥发油方面,树龄小的厚朴和凹叶厚朴样品中β-桉叶醇含量较树龄高者少.结论:产地和生长年限的不同对厚朴质量影响不大,种源是影响厚朴药材质量的主要因素.     

厚朴酚与和厚朴酚抗鼻咽癌作用机制研究

目的探讨厚朴中小分子化合物厚朴酚与和厚朴酚对鼻咽癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响。方法分别采用MTT比色法、细胞划痕实验、Transwell实验,观察厚朴酚与和厚朴酚对鼻咽癌细胞HONE1增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响。结果厚朴酚与和厚朴酚对鼻咽癌细胞HONE1有较显著的抑制增殖、迁移和侵袭效应,而且这种效应呈显著的剂量依赖性。结论厚朴酚与和厚朴酚能够抑制鼻咽癌肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,厚朴酚与和厚朴酚是具有开发潜力的抗癌小分子化合物。     

UPLC-MS/MS-ESI assay for simultaneous determination of magnolol and honokiol in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic study after administration emulsion of the isomer

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Magnolia officinalis is one of the commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of fever, chronic bronchitis and stomach ailments. Magnolol and honokiol are isomers with hydroxylated biphenol compound in the extract of Magnolia officinalis. This study aims to determine the isomers in rat plasma and evaluate their pharmacokinetic pattern after administration emulsion.

Materials and methods

Sprague Dawley male rats received either an intravenous (i.v.25, mg/kg) or oral (50 mg/kg) dose of the emulsion of the isomer. A sensitive and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the investigation of the pharmacokinetics of magnolol and honokiol in rats. Kaempferol was employed as an internal standard.

Results

The plasma samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile, the post-treatment samples were analyzed on an Agela C₁₈ column interfaced with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in negative electrospray ionization mode. Acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer solution (65: 35, v/v) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Following oral administration of emulsion to rats, magnolol attained mean peak plasma concentrations of 426.4±273.8 ng/mL at 1.20 h, whereas honokiol reached peak plasma concentrations of 40.3±30.8 ng/mL at 0.45 h. The absolute bioavailability of magnolol and honokiol is 17.5±9.7% and 5.3±11.7%. By comparison, the AUC_0–∞ of magnolol was 5.4 times higher than that of honokiol after intravenous administration, but AUC_0–∞ of magnolol was about 18-fold higher than honokiol after oral administration.     

Application of the elevated plus-maze test in mice for evaluation of the content of honokiol in water extracts of magnolia.

In our previous study using an improved elevated plus-maze in mice, the oriental herbal medicine Saiboku-to prolonged the time spent in open arms, showing an anxiolytic effect, and the effect was mainly caused by honokiol derived from magnolia. This study was carried out to compare the anxiolytic potentials of honokiol and water extracts of three magnolia samples; two being Kara-koboku (Magnolia officinalis) (KA: from Zhejiang-sheng, China; honokiol 0.25% and magnolol 1.16%, and KB: from Sichuan-sheng, China; honokiol 1.72% and magnolol 1.71%), and one being Wa-koboku (Magnolia obovata) (WA: from Iwate-ken, Japan; honokiol 0.32% and magnolol 0.81%). Seven daily treatments with 0.1-1 mg/kg honokiol, but not 0.2 and 1 mg/kg magnolol, revealed an anxiolytic effect with the peak potential at 0. 2 mg/kg. The anxiolytic potentials of 40 and 80 mg/kg KA, which contained the highest amount of magnolol, were almost equivalent to those of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg honokiol, respectively. KB, at 11.6 mg/kg, and 62.5 mg/kg WA resulted in almost the same anxiolytic potential as that of 0.2 mg/kg honokiol. No significant change in the ambulatory activity was produced by any drug treatment. These results suggest that honokiol is the chemical responsible for the anxiolytic effect of the water extract of magnolia and that the other chemicals including magnolol in magnolia scarcely influence the effect of honokiol. It is also considered that the elevated plus-maze test is applicable for evaluation of the content of honokiol in magnolia.     

厚朴及其伪品滇藏木兰的鉴别

目的对厚朴和滇藏木兰进行鉴别。方法从性状、显微特征、薄层色谱、高效液相色谱等方面进行比较。结果滇藏木兰与厚朴在性状、显微上存很大差异,并且滇藏木兰不含厚朴的特效成分厚朴酚及其异构体和厚朴酚。结论滇藏木兰不能代替厚朴入药。     

厚朴酚类物质含量层次变异规律研究

目的:揭示厚朴种源间、家系间及家系内个体间酚类物质含量的变化规律,为厚朴良种选育提供依据。方法:以广西资源、湖北五峰及浙江景宁等3个厚朴主要产区种源的半同胞家系子代为材料,采用HPLC测定厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量。结果:厚朴酚含量、和厚朴酚含量、酚类物质总量种源间均存在极显著差异,均为湖北五峰种源最高,浙江景宁种源最低;种源内家系间、半同胞家系内单株间厚朴酚含量、和厚朴酚含量、酚类物质总量也存在显著差异,含量高的种源家系间、家系内变异也大,但厚朴酚含量与和厚朴酚的比值差异不显著。结论:厚朴酚类物质含量不仅在种源间存在显著差异,种源内家系间及家系内单株间也存在显著差异,且质量好的种源家系间变异更大,因此,根据厚朴种内酚类物质含量层次变异规律,厚朴良种选育应将种源选择赋于重要地位,建立种源、单株配合选择的遗传改良方法与程序。     

Ethanol Extract of Magnolia officinalis Prevents Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Memory Deficiency via Its Antineuroinflammatory and Antiamyloidogenic Effects

Magnolia bark contains several compounds such as magnolol, honokiol, 4‐O‐methylhonokiol, obovatol, and other neolignan compounds. These compounds have been reported to have various beneficial effects in various diseases. There is sufficient possibility that ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis is more effective in amyloidogenesis via synergism of these ingredients. Neuroinflammation has been known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated whether the ethanol extract of M. officinalis (10 mg/ kg in 0.05% ethanol) prevents memory dysfunction and amyloidogenesis in AD mouse model by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 250 µg/ kg/day for seven times) injection. We found that ethanol extract of M. officinalis prevented LPS‐induced memory deficiency as well as inhibited the LPS‐induced elevation of inflammatory proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, and activation of astrocytes and microglia. In particular, administration of M. officinalis ethanol extract inhibited LPS‐induced amyloidogenesis, which resulted in the inhibition of amyloid precursor protein, beta‐site amyloid‐precursor‐protein‐cleaving enzyme 1 and C99. Thus, this study shows that ethanol extract of M. officinalis prevents LPS‐induced memory impairment as well as amyloidogenesis via inhibition of neuroinflammation and suggests that ethanol extract of M. officinalis might be a useful intervention for neuroinflammation‐associated diseases such as AD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湖北恩施产厚朴苗干枝皮酚类成分研究

目的研究厚朴2年生实生苗干枝皮的厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量,及其甲醇溶性成分HPLC图谱特征,为厚朴药材的良种选育提供依据.方法采用高效液相色谱法测定厚朴酚、和厚朴酚含量;比较10批恩施产厚朴2年生实生苗干枝皮样品甲醇溶性成分的HPLC图谱相似度.结果恩施厚朴2年生实生苗干枝皮的厚朴酚与和厚朴酚含量较高,并建立了HPLC指纹图谱.结论本研究可为厚朴药材的良种选育与苗期鉴别提供参考.