经胸壁彩超结合球囊法在房间隔缺损经右心导管封堵术中的应用

目的 :评价经胸壁彩色超声心动图 (TTE)结合球囊测量法引导房间隔缺损 (ASD)经导管封堵术的可靠性及实用价值。方法 :对 6 7例ASD患者 ,采用TTE结合球囊法测量ASD伸展径后 ,分别置入相应型号Am platzer封堵器。 结果 :6 7例患者TTE引导经右心导管封堵ASD术均成功 ,超声测量的ASD最大伸展径与其实际伸展径一致 ,相关系数 (r ) =0 .97,P <0 .0 0 1。 6 4例ASD封堵器一次放置成功 ,3例第 2次放置成功 ;封堵术成功后即刻彩色超声心动图显示 ,穿隔血流消失 ;术后 3个月复查 ,6 6例封堵器位置良好 ,房间隔无分流 ,右心系统明显回缩 ;1例原有两孔缺损的封堵其中的大孔后残留少量分流。结论 :TTE结合球囊测量法引导ASD经右心导管封堵术成功率高、安全和无痛苦 ,值得推广。     

经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在房间隔缺损经导管封堵术中的应用价值

目的探讨经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图(TTE)在房间隔缺损(ASD)经心导管封堵治疗中的应用价值。方法应用TTE选择适于行Amplatzer式封堵术的继发孔型ASD患者27例，在TTE监测引导下经右心导管应用房间隔封堵器关闭ASD。结果26例ASD获成功封堵，术后即刻、1天、1个月和3个月TTE检查显示封堵器位置稳定良好，无残余分流。结论在TTE引导下行ASD封堵术是一种简便、可靠和安全的方法。     

经胸超声心动图引导Amplatzer及Sideris两种封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损疗效评价

目的 评价经胸超声心动图引导Amplatzer和Sideris两种封堵器经导管关闭房间隔缺损（ASD）的疗效。方法14例ASD患者,年龄2.6～43岁,男6例,女8例,在经胸超声心动图和X线监测引导下,用Amplatzer或Sideris封堵器进行房间隔缺损封堵治疗。结果 球囊测量ASD直径14～34（24.16±5.16）mm,Sideris封堵5例,成功4例,术中发生补片脱落经外科开胸取出补片并缝合房间隔缺损1例;Amplatzer法封堵9例,全部成功,无并发症发生。结论 经导管介入封堵ASD操作简便,成功率高,疗效可靠。但Amplatzer法适用范围更广,术后即刻成功率更高,操作更简便。     

经胸超声心动图引导下封堵术治疗房间隔缺损的价值(附11例报告)

目的 评价经胸超声心动图(TTE)引导封堵术治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的价值。方法 利用TTE选择11例ASD患者进行经导管封堵术。在TTE和X线引导下，经导管将Amplatzer封堵器送至ASD处，用TTE经多切面观察封堵器的位置，适时释放封堵器并观察手术效果。结果 10例封堵成功，1例封堵器放人后固定不理想而放弃手术。8例术后观察无分流，2例有少量分流，次日复查分流消失。结论 TTE对封堵术术前病例选择、封堵器大小的选择、术中监测及术后疗效评价都有较高的价值。     

经胸超声心动图指导儿童房间隔缺损封堵术

目的 :评价经胸超声心动图 (TTE)在术前测量房间隔缺损 (ASD)大小、术中监测与指导儿童ASD封堵的作用。方法 :10例ASD儿童采用TTE多个切面综合判断ASD大小、周缘情况及房间隔伸展径。比较ASD之TTE测值与封堵成功所选用的封堵器大小之间的关系。在封堵术中TTE监测封堵过程、伞释出后牢固程度及彩色多普勒有无分流。结果 :ASD的TTE测值为 8～ 2 4 (15 .8± 5 .9)mm ,封堵器型号为 8～ 2 8(18.8±6 .0 )mm ,TTE测量的ASD大小与封堵器大小相关良好 ,直线方程Y =4 .36 0 +0 .914X ,相关系数r =0 .90 5(P <0 .0 1)。硬缘ASD的封堵器选择比TTE所测ASD大 1～ 5mm ;封堵器型号的选择多在球囊测值的基础上加 0～ 2mm。所有封堵器牢固 ,无脱落。结论 :TTE封堵术前检查和术中指导ASD封堵器的放置是一种可行、有效、简便的方法     

长年经食管超声心动图在房间隔缺损封堵治疗中的应用

目的 :经食管超声心动图 (TEE)引导置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损 (ASD)。 方法 :4例ASD患者 ,均为女性 ,年龄 8～ 39( 2 7.75± 13.96 )岁 ,体重 18～ 6 7( 4 2 .0 1± 13.2 0 )kg。在超声和X线透视指导下用Amplatzer双盘封堵ASD。术后重复TEE/经胸超声心动图 (TTE)、ECG及X线平片检查以评价疗效。结果 :4例患者封堵器置入均获成功。术中及术后未发生任何并发症。经TEE测定的ASD直径范围 13～ 2 8mm ,选择封堵器直径为 18～ 32 ( 2 5 .0± 5 .77)mm。术后 2 4h超声心动图显示 4例ASD完全闭合 ,无残余分流。3例完成术后 1个月、1例完成术后 18个月随访均无再通或封堵器移位。结论 :应用Amplatzer封堵器闭合ASD ,TEE在术前选择病例、术中引导封堵器置入及术后疗效判定等方面具有极其重要的作用     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损的疗效观察

目的评价经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)的临床效果。方法对11例术前经胸超声(TTE)检查诊断为继发孔型ASD患者(直径8～31mm),在TTE及透视引导下,经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器,术后24h、1个月、3个月、12个月分别用TTE、心电图及X线检查评价治疗效果。结果 11例置入的封堵器直径为12～34mm,置入全部成功,术后24h经TTE检查,所有病例均完成12个月随访,均无残余分流及并发症。结论应用Amplatz-er封堵器治疗ASD是一种有效的非手术方法 ,具有操作简便、安全、成功率高,封堵效果好等优点。     

房间隔缺损封堵术经食道超声心动图的监测

目的 研究不同年龄组经食道超声心动图（TEE）引导Amplatzer 房间隔缺损（ASD）封堵器经导管治疗ASD术中及术后所观察切面.方法 术前经TEE筛选235例继发孔型ASD患者,在TEE引导下测量ASD最大伸展径,选择适当型号的Amplatzer 封堵器经导管送至左房封堵ASD.结果 所有封堵术技术成功率100%,完成手术后即刻TEE监护,分别从食道中段双心房切面,四腔心切面,大动脉短轴切面及纵轴上下腔静脉观察ASD残端,杂音情况,术后残余分流等.成人组及老年组均有明显差异.结论 总结出TEE引导封堵术中成年组及老年组的标准切面及每一切面所观察内容,对监测不同年龄段ASD封堵术术中术后具有重要指导意义.     

经胸超声心动图监视下应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损

目的 :评价在经胸超声心动图 （TTE）指导下置入 Am platzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损 （ASD）的可行性和治疗效果。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 1～ 5 1（18.8土 14.6 ）岁 ,术前经 TTE检查示 ASD直径平均为 4～ 33（18.3土 6 .0 ） mm。所有病例均在透视及 TTE监视下经导管置入 Amplatzer封堵器封堵 ASD。术后 3d,1～ 3月分别行经胸超声心动图、心电图及 X线检查评价治疗效果。结果 :5 0例 ASD直径的球囊测量值为 5～ 35 （19.1土 6 .9）mm,选择的封堵器直径为 5～ 36 （2 0 .9土 7.0 ） m m。 5 0例封堵器置入均获得成功 ,技术成功率为 10 0 % ,术中未发生任何重要并发症 ,无急诊手术病例。术后即刻 TTE显示 4例 （8.0 % ）存在微量至少量残余分流。术后 3天 TTE显示 2例 （4.0 % ）存在微量残余分流。术后 1～ 3月 TTE显示 5 0例 ASD完全闭合。X线检查全部显示肺血减少、右心房、室缩小。结论 :经胸超声心动图指导下经导管置入 Am platzer封堵器治疗 ASD是一种有效、安全、可行的非外科手术方法。我们建议 30 m m以上的 ASD应在经食道超声心动图下监视封堵。     

三维食管超声心动图在经胸小切口房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的：探讨实时三维经食管超声心动图（RT-3D TEE ）在监测经胸小切口房间隔缺损（ASD ）封堵术的作用。方法初步筛查适合封堵术的ASD患者30例,缺损大小6mm～32mm ,房间隔残缘≥5mm。术前采用经胸超声心动图（TTE）重点测量房间隔总长度、房间隔缺损的最大径、房间隔残缘软边的长度;术中采用RT-3D TEE监测,并测量房间隔总长度、房间隔缺损的最大径、房间隔残缘软边的长度,与术前检查结果进行比较。术后1～12个月进行随访。结果30例经胸小切口ASD封堵术全部成功,没有出现需要进一步处理的意外。经食管超声心动图（TEE ）在识别房间隔总长度、软边长度方面均优于TTE ,两者在测量房间隔缺损最大径方面无统计学意义,RT-3D TEE成像显示房间隔缺损立体影像图。结论经胸小切口ASD封堵术中应用经食管超声心动图对于选择合适病例、封堵器型号、指导封堵过程以及疗效评价方面具有重要作用并优于经胸超声心动图,配备实时三维成像功能检查效果更理想。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.