汉族青年牙周健康人群上颌磨牙腭侧牙槽嵴骨突的CBCT研究

目的:研究汉族青年牙周健康人群中上颌腭侧牙槽嵴骨突的分布、位置及表面黏膜厚度。方法:采用CBCT观察245名受试者上颌第一磨牙至第三磨牙腭侧牙槽嵴骨突的分布,并测量骨突顶点距对应磨牙CEJ的距离和表面最薄处黏膜厚度。结果:245名受试者中在上颌第一、第二和第三磨牙腭侧牙槽嵴骨突的发现率分别为2.45%、31.22%和21.84%。58.37%的受试者上颌磨牙区腭侧发现至少一个牙位存在骨突。牙槽嵴骨突顶点至CEJ的平均距离为(5.40±1.43)mm,左右侧数据差异无统计学意义。在第二磨牙处,男性骨突顶点至CEJ的距离大于女性(P<0.01)。牙槽嵴骨突表面最薄处黏膜厚度平均为(1.44±0.52)mm。结论:对于涉及上颌磨牙区腭侧软组织的牙周手术,术前拍摄CBCT检查黏膜下方是否存在牙槽嵴骨突,评估该处黏膜厚度是否达到手术需求,可减少术后并发症。     

上颌口腔腭侧黏膜疼痛敏感度的初步研究

目的:研究不同部位口腔上颌腭侧黏膜疼痛敏感度,发现相对敏感区域并提出相应对策,以减轻患者注射麻药时的疼痛感及全身并发证的发生。方法:对需拔除的上颌患牙进行局部浸润麻醉,采用碧兰麻及相对应的0.3mm×21mm细针头,注射部位距离腭侧牙龈缘约5mm,后记录注射部位的疼痛程度,所记录的疼痛程度是注射针刺入黏膜时的疼痛。疼痛分级采用国际通用方法,但加以改良,使之更详细。采用χ2检验分析各牙位的中重度和重度疼痛患者构成比。结果:800例患者中,无痛到中度疼痛患者646例,占总数的80.75%;中重度和重度疼痛患者154例,占19.25%。中重度和重度疼痛患者在中切牙组占47%,侧切牙组占39%,尖牙组占27%,第一前磨牙组占12%,第二前磨牙组占9%,第一磨牙和第二磨牙组均占8%,上颌结节区占4%。与前磨牙、磨牙和上颌结节区相比,中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙组的中重度和重度疼痛患者比例明显增加,差异有统计学意义(χ2检验,P<0.01)。结论:中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙腭侧黏膜疼痛敏感度较高,先表面麻醉后再注射麻药,以减少患者的疼痛感,同时减少患者的恐惧感和全身并发症的发生。     

改良唇挡单侧扩弓后牙槽骨高度与厚度变化的CBCT研究

目的 研究改良唇挡单侧扩弓后裂侧牙槽骨高度与厚度的变化.方法 对年龄在12～16岁应用改良唇挡完成单侧扩弓的18名单侧完全性唇腭裂患者扩弓前后的CBCT图像进行重建,测量扩弓后裂侧牙槽骨高度与厚度,对测量结果进行统计学分析.结果 裂侧尖牙、第一、第二前磨牙颊、腭侧牙槽骨的高度均降低,其中尖牙变化量最大(P<0.01),尖牙颊侧骨开裂的患者增多.第一、第二前磨牙颊侧牙槽骨在釉牙骨质界下4mm、6mm处厚度增加,尖牙颊侧在6mm处骨厚度增加(P<0.01),在4mm处骨厚度减少(P<0.05),尖牙、第一、第二前磨牙腭侧牙槽骨厚度减少.结论 唇挡扩弓后,裂侧牙齿颊侧牙槽骨的高度降低,厚度增加.对于裂侧尖牙正畸治疗前后的牙周状况应该引起重视.     

助攻型微种植体支抗在颊腭侧稳定性的比较研究

目的:通过比较上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间颊、腭侧骨皮质的厚度,进而讨论颊、腭侧微种植体支抗的稳定性。方法:研究1:采用锥形束CT(cone bean computed tomography,CBCT)对20例18～40岁的成人颅颌面部进行扫描并三维重建,分别测量上颌第二前磨牙和第一磨牙牙根之间,牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处颊、腭侧骨皮质厚度,进行统计学分析。研究2:选择在上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间植入助攻型微种植体支抗病例91例,共植入167枚微种植体,(其中植入颊侧64例117枚,植入腭侧27例50枚),比较不同部位微种植体植入后的稳定性。结果:研究1:20例成人上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间腭侧牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处骨皮质厚度明显高于颊侧牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处骨皮质厚度,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究2:颊侧117枚微种植体,脱落8枚,成功率93.16%;腭侧50枚微种植体,脱落2枚,成功率98.96%。结论:上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙牙根之间牙槽嵴顶上方垂直距离6 mm处的腭侧骨皮质较颊侧厚;腭侧微种植体稳定性高于颊侧。骨皮质厚度与微种植体的稳定性呈正相关。     

上颌窦底提升术相关的应用解剖学研究

目的：为临床上颌窦底提升术的实施提供解剖学依据及数据参考。方法：在经福尔马林固定的成人尸头标本和上颌骨标本上,对上颌后区牙根、牙龈缘（牙槽嵴未吸收）至上颌窦底距离和吸收牙槽嵴至上颌窦底距离进行观测（其中固定标本均为粘膜厚度计入测量）。结果：固定标本上颌窦底至吸收牙槽嵴黏膜前、中、后距离分别为（13．13±0．74）ram、（8．80±3．58）mm、（12．67±2．38）mm,上颌窦底长为（22．70±3．80）mm。牙槽嵴未吸收固定标本第三磨牙、第二磨牙、第一磨牙、第二前磨牙、第一前磨牙牙龈缘至窦底的距离分别为（14．50±3．50）ram、（12．58±3．31）mm、（13．05±2．85）ram、（16．40±3．73）mm、（18．95±4．05）mm。上颌骨标本上颌窦至吸收牙槽嵴前、中、后距离分别为（10．33±1．40）mm、（7．89±1．50）mm、（9．89±1．42）mm。牙槽嵴未吸收上颌骨标本第三磨牙、第二磨牙、第一磨牙、第二前磨牙牙根距上颌窦底高度分别为（2．55±1．65）mm、（3．40±0．50）ram、（2．45±0．15）mm（m、（3．05±0．55）mm。牙槽嵴未吸收上颌骨标本第三磨牙、第二磨牙、第一磨牙、第二前磨牙牙槽嵴距上颔窦底高度分别为（9．23±2．02）mm、（10．83±2．00）mm、（10．93±2．02）mm、（14．20±1．40）mm。结论：通过对口腔上颌窦解剖学数据的观测,能够为上颌窦底提升术提供形态学数据参考。     

CBCT测量根间间隙区颊侧皮质骨厚度

目的:通过CBCT测量临床上微螺钉通常植入的根间间隙区颊侧皮质骨的厚度. 方法:收集200例锥束CT(CBCT)图像(上下颌各100例). 在距牙槽嵴下方6 mm水平,测量自尖牙到第一磨牙根间间隙区近中、中点和远中皮质骨厚度. 结果:邻牙间中点的皮质骨厚度明显小于牙旁的皮质骨厚度(P<0.001). 皮质骨厚度<1 mm比例最高的位置(20%)在下颌尖牙和第一前磨牙间中点.皮质骨厚度>1.5 mm比例最高的位置(50%)在下颌邻近第一磨牙(第二前磨牙和第一磨牙间中点的远中). 结论:邻牙间中点位置的皮质骨厚度明显小于邻近牙根区域皮质骨厚度.     

关于中国人正畸支抗用微种植钉牙槽骨植入安全区的研究

目的研究中国人牙槽骨解剖形态特点,以确定正畸支抗用微种植钉植入的安全区。方法使用螺旋CT技术对21例正常中国人的颌骨进行扫描重建,并且分别测量距牙槽嵴顶3、5、7、9mm处牙齿根间区近远中向和颊舌(腭)向的参数。结果1)在上颌近远中测量中,前牙区最大牙根间距位于侧切牙与尖牙之间,最小牙根间距位于中切牙与侧切牙之间;后牙区相邻牙的最大牙根间距位于第二前磨牙和第一磨牙之间,最小牙根间距位于第一磨牙与第二磨牙之间。颊舌(腭)向测量中,最大的颊舌向骨厚度位于第一磨牙和第二磨牙之间,最小骨厚度位于中切牙与侧切牙之间。2)在下颌近远中测量中,相邻牙的最大牙根间距位于第一磨牙和第二磨牙之间,最小牙根间距位于中切牙与侧切牙之间。颊舌(腭)向测量中,最大的颊舌向骨厚度位于第一磨牙和第二磨牙之间,最小骨厚度位于中切牙之间。结论螺旋CT三维重建效果良好,能够充分识别牙槽骨和牙齿根间区的结构关系,为中国人牙槽骨正畸支抗用微种植钉安全植入提供了临床参考依据。     

上颌第一、第二磨牙间腭侧微种植支抗钉植入安全位置的CBCT研究

目的应用锥形束CT(cone beamCT,CBCT)测量在上颌第一、第二磨牙间腭侧以不同角度植入微种植支抗钉时上颌第一、第二磨牙腭根间近远中向宽度,以及微种植支抗钉植入路径的黏膜厚度和骨组织厚度,为临床选择微种植支抗钉植入位置提供参考。方法选取90例成人患者,以其颌骨进行扫描重建的CBCT资料为研究对象,在上颌腭侧,第一磨牙和第二磨牙之间选取距上颌第一磨牙腭尖12、14、16、18 mm的软组织标志点作为测量位置,分别测量与牙长轴成30°、45°、60°、90°时上颌第一、第二磨牙腭根之间的近远中向宽度及微种植支抗钉植入路径的黏膜厚度和骨组织厚度。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析及LSD法两两比较。结果植入微种植支抗钉角度越大,上颌第一、第二磨牙腭根间的近远中向宽度越小,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与90°方向相比,以60°方向植入时近远中向宽度更大,接触相邻牙根的概率更小;植入角度越大,黏膜厚度越小,结果具有显著性差异(P<0.001),与30°、45°方向相比,以60°方向植入时黏膜厚度更小,微种植支抗钉进入骨组织内的长度更大更稳定。植入微种植支抗钉位置越高,近远中向宽度越大,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与12、14 mm位置相比,距上颌第一磨牙腭尖16 mm植入时近远中向宽度更大,接触相邻牙根的概率更小;植入位置越高,黏膜厚度越大,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),与18 mm位置相比,距上颌第一磨牙腭尖16 mm植入时黏膜厚度更小,微种植支抗钉进入骨组织内的长度更大,更稳定。结论在上颌第一、第二磨牙间腭侧,距上颌第一磨牙腭尖16 mm以60°方向植入微种植支抗钉较为安全。     

基于腭部骨质厚度测量的CBCT与头颅侧位片的对比研究

目的：研究头颅侧位片与CBCT测量腭部骨质厚度的差别。材料与方法：收集30名患者的CBCT数据及头颅侧位片影像,应用CBCT及头颅侧位片,测量矢状向上从第一二前磨牙之间到第一第二磨牙之间不同间隔区域处的腭部骨质厚度,应用CBCT在冠状向上测量距腭中缝1.5 mm到距腭中缝10 mm之间不同间隔区域处的腭部骨质厚度,重复测量以探究不同测量方法之间的差异。结果：应用CBCT测量距腭中缝5 mm处的腭部骨质最薄;在矢状向上所有区域的测量值中,测量距腭中缝5 mm处的腭部骨质厚度,应用CBCT及头颅侧位片两者的结果无统计学差异;在第二前磨牙与第一磨牙之间（P2M1）到第一磨牙与第二磨牙之间（M1M2）的不同间隔区域处的测量值中,测量距腭中缝1.5 mm的腭部骨质厚度,应用CBCT所得的测量值大于头颅侧位片的测量值。结论：在所有测量的区域中,距腭中缝5 mm处的骨质最适宜用于描述腭骨轮廓。     

正畸用微种植体上颌磨牙植入区骨皮质厚度的测量分析

目的:通过对上颌后牙区骨皮质厚度进行测量分析,为放置微种植体提供参考.方法:选择成人(18～25岁)安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类错(牙合)畸形患者60例,男、女各30例,采用Newtom CBCT影像系统,以上颌第二前磨牙与上颌第一磨牙的接触点作为坐标中心,向龈方每间隔1 mm测量牙槽骨骨皮质厚度,共测量20个平面.采用SPSS15.0软件包对两侧测量数据进行配对t检验,对男女之间不同部位的骨皮质厚度进行单因素方差分析.结果:上颌第二前磨牙与第一恒磨牙区骨皮质厚度在左右两侧对称位置无显著差异.骨皮质厚度在第7层以下几乎不存在或较薄(小于0.5mm),而第10至第12层以上均大于1.5 mm,且皮质厚度较为均匀,且有逐渐增加的趋势,男性骨皮质厚度平均值为(2.12±0.72)mm,女性平均值为(1.86+0.83mm)(7层以上).男女在第6层以上13层有显著差异(P＜0.05),而另外2层无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:上颌第二前磨牙与第一恒磨牙区骨皮质厚度自(牙合)方向根方骨皮质厚度有逐渐增加的趋势,男性患者骨皮质厚度在同一水平上大于女性患者.     

Thickness of posterior palatal masticatory mucosa: the use of computerized tomography

BACKGROUND: Periodontal plastic surgery is used to fulfill the esthetic and functional demands of patients. The palatal masticatory mucosa is the main donor site for connective tissue, and the thickness of the graft tissue obtained is an important factor for the success of this technique. The aim of this study was to measure the thickness of masticatory mucosa in the posterior palatal area using computerized tomography (CT). METHODS: The thickness measurements were performed on the images of 100 adult subjects who underwent CT on the maxilla for implant surgery. Twenty-four standard measurement points were defined in the hard palate according to the gingival margin and the middle palatal suture. The radiographic measurements were used after calibration. The data were analyzed to determine the differences in the mucosal thickness according to gender, age, tooth position, and depth of the palatal vault. RESULTS: The overall mean thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa was 3.83 +/- 0.58 mm (range: 2.29 to 6.25 mm). Females had significantly thinner mean masticatory mucosa (3.66 +/- 0.52 mm) than males (3.95 +/- 0.60 mm) (P <0.0001). The thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa increased with age. The mean thickness according to tooth site was 3.46 mm (maxillary canine), 3.66 mm (first premolar), 3.81 mm (second premolar), 3.13 mm (first molar), 3.31 mm (the base of the interproximal papilla of the first and second molars), and 3.39 mm (second molar). There was an overall increase in the thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa as the distance from the gingival margin to the middle palatine suture increased, with the exception of the Ca-d (a point at 12 mm from the gingival margin of the canine) region. There was no significant difference in the thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa between the groups with high or low palatal vaults. CONCLUSIONS: The palatal masticatory mucosa thickness increased from the canine to premolar region but decreased at the first molar region and increased again in the second molar region, with the thinnest area at the first molar region and the thickest at the second premolar region. The canine to premolar region seems to be the most appropriate donor site that contains a uniformly thick mucosa. CT can be considered an alternative method for the measurement of palatal soft tissue thickness.     

A new method to assess and measure palatal masticatory mucosa by cone-beam computerized tomography

Aim: The aim of this study was to apply a novel method to obtain high-quality images by cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) that consistently allowed the determination of the dimensions of the palatal mucosa.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients participated in this study. At the time of the CBCT scanning, the patients wore a plastic lip retractor and wooden spatulas to retract soft tissues away from the teeth and gingiva. The thickness of the palatal mucosa was obtained at forty different locations on each patient.
Results: Retraction of the lips and cheek allowed a clear observation and measurements of the thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa. The average thickness of the palatal mucosa was 2.92 mm in the canine area, 3.11 mm at the first pre-molar, 3.28 mm at the second pre-molar, 2.89 mm at the first molar and 3.15 mm at the second molar. Statistical differences were observed at different ages and heights of measurements.
Conclusions: A new non-invasive method to consistently obtain high-quality images of the palatal masticatory mucosa is described. Measurements of this mucosa could be obtained at different locations on the palate.     

Thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa associated with age.

BACKGROUND: The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as a donor material in periodontal plastic surgery. However, there are relatively few studies investigating the volume or thickness of the palatal mucosa. The purpose of this study was to determine the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa in Asian subjects aged 14 to 59 years by a direct clinical technique. The associations of age and gender with the thickness of palatal mucosa were also examined. METHODS: Sixty-two systemically and periodontally healthy Asians (31 males; 31 females; age range 14 to 59 years) participated in this study. The younger age group (age 14 to 21 years) consisted of 32 subjects with a mean age of 16.8 years, whereas the older age group (age 30 to 59 years) consisted of 30 subjects with a mean age of 38.7 years. A bone-sounding method using a periodontal probe with minimal anesthesia and a prepared clear acrylic stent were utilized to assess the thickness of palatal mucosa at 15 measurement sites defined according to the gingival margin and mid-palatal line. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of age and gender with the mean mucosal thickness at the subject level. The Wilcoxon test was used to determine the difference in mucosal thickness between the 2 age groups, and between gender at each measurement point. RESULTS: The mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa ranged from 2.0 to 3.7 mm. The younger age group had significantly thinner mucosa (mean 2.8 +/- 0.3 mm) than the older age group (mean 3.1 +/- 0.3 mm). Females had thinner mucosa than males in the same age group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Overall, the thickness of palatal mucosa increased from the canine to second molar areas and in the sites furthest from the gingival margin towards the mid-palate (with the exception of the first molar area, where significantly decreased thickness was observed). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the present study, the canine and premolar areas appear to be the most appropriate donor site for grafting procedures in both young and adult individuals. The subepithelial connective tissue graft procedure can be considered as a treatment modality in young patients, since a sufficient volume of donor tissue can be obtained from the hard palate area. Other factors that may influence the thickness of palatal mucosa such as racial and genetic factors and body weight need to be further investigated.     

腭部不同微种植体植入位置的骨质情况研究

目的:研究腭部骨质情况,提供腭部微种植植入参考图.方法:硬腭部测量时,纳入148例研究对象;腭侧牙槽骨测量时,筛选出其中的86名研究对象,使用CBCT分别测量其骨质情况.结果:硬腭部的骨质厚度在前磨牙间冠状面处最大;腭侧牙根间间距随着远离牙槽嵴顶而逐渐增加.结论:硬腭部微种植体植入部位推荐在前磨牙间冠状面植入.腭侧牙槽...     

Connective tissue graft for gingival recession treatment: assessment of the maximum graft dimensions at the palatal vault as a donor site

BACKGROUND: The palatal masticatory mucosa is widely used as a connective tissue donor site in gingival recession treatment. However, concern has been raised regarding the potential risk of damaging the greater palatine artery (GPA) due to anatomical variations in the palatal vault. The anatomy of the palatal vault in terms of size and shape may affect the maximum dimensions of the graft that can be safely taken from the palatal vault. In a cohort of patients free of periodontal disease, the purpose of this study was to assess the maximum dimensions of the graft, particularly the height and length, that could be safely taken from the palatal vault. METHODS: Plaster impressions were made from 198 patients free of periodontal disease. Because the connective tissue graft is usually taken from an area extending from the mid-palatal aspect of the canine to the mid-palatal aspect of the second molar, this interval was measured and represented the maximum length dimension. The emergence of the GPA was assumed to be localized at the junction of the vertical and horizontal palatal walls of vault, and its course was marked on the plaster casts. The maximum height of the graft corresponded to the distances measured from the gingival margin to the marked course of the GPA of each tooth at its interproximal and mid-palatal aspects. RESULTS: The length of the maximum available tissue graft was 31.7 +/- 4.0 mm. The distance extending from the gingival margin to the greater palatine artery ranged from 12.07 +/- 2.9 mm at the canine level to 14.7 +/- 2.9 mm at the mid-palatal aspect of the second molar level. Therefore, in the premolar area, it was possible to harvest a connective tissue graft measuring 5 mm in height in all cases and 8 mm in height in 93% of cases. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the maximum available tissue graft as measured in the palatal vault was large enough to allow a safe withdrawal from this donor site in a high percentage of our patient population free of periodontal disease.     

Clinical and histological evaluation of subepithelial connective tissue after collagen sponge implantation in the human palate

Rocha AL, Shirasu BK, Hayacibara RM, Magro‐Filho O, Zanoni JN, Araújo MG. Clinical and histological evaluation of subepithelial connective tissue after collagen sponge implantation in the human palate. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 758–765. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Successful root‐coverage treatment depends on the thickness of the donor tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the thickness of donor tissue after augmentation of the connective tissue in the palatal area by implantation of lyophilized collagen sponge (Hemospon^®). Material and Methods: Ten patients with an indication for root coverage, whose palate was deficient in adequate connective tissue, were recruited. The procedure was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the palatal thickness in the donor site was measured at three standardized points (points 1, 2 and 3), from the distal of the canine to the distal of the first molar, and the lyophilized collagen sponge was inserted. In the second stage, the palatal thickness over the implant was measured (at points 1, 2 and 3), two biopsies of the palatal mucosa were collected – one over the implant (experimental sample) and the other on the contralateral side (control sample) – and then root‐coverage treatment was performed. Analyses consisted of clinical assessment of the palatal measurements before and after sponge implantation, and histological assessment of the experimental and control biopsy samples. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Both analyses showed a significant increase in mean thickness, of 1.08 mm of neoformed tissue in the clinical analysis (the tissue at point 2 was the thickest of the three points) and of 0.53 mm in the histological analysis. Conclusion: The insertion of lyophilized collagen sponge induced a significant increase in the thickness of palatal connective tissue.     

牙齿几何外形和模型底座厚度对隐形矫治器厚度的影响

目的研究牙齿几何外形和模型底座厚度对热成型隐形矫治器厚度的影响。方法层析扫描标准上颌模型,形成数字图像,通过数字化三维图像处理,激光快速成型输出底座厚度分别为0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10 mm的树脂模型共11副,在每个树脂模型上通过热压膜成型制作10副矫治器,标记每副矫治器上14个牙位的唇颊面和舌腭面牙冠面轴点,使用千分尺测量牙冠面轴点处矫治器的膜片厚度,比较热压膜成型后不同牙位上隐形矫治器的厚度,分析厚度分布规律。结果底座厚度为0 mm时,隐形矫治器中切牙到第二磨牙唇颊面厚度从0.398 mm均匀递增到0.504 mm,坐标图表现为均匀递增的直线,膜片厚度随牙位变化的直线公式为y=0.019x+0.379,拟合度和相关性良好。尖牙腭面膜片厚度最大,第一磨牙腭面膜片厚度大于第二前磨牙,表现为S形曲线。不同底座厚度的树脂模型上热成型的矫治器唇颊面和舌腭面膜片厚度随牙位变化的规律基本相同。隐形矫治器唇颊面和舌腭面的膜片厚度随模型底座厚度的增加呈递减趋势。结论隐形矫治器唇颊面厚度从前牙到后牙均匀递增;矫治器腭面厚度以尖牙最厚,分布无明显规律。模型底座厚度对隐形矫治器厚度有影响。     

"Safe zones": a guide for miniscrew positioning in the maxillary and mandibular arch

The aim of this study was to provide an anatomical map to assist the clinician in miniscrew placement in a safe location between dental roots. Volumetric tomographic images of 25 maxillae and 25 mandibles taken with the NewTom System were examined. For each interradicular space, the mesiodistal and the buccolingual distances were measured at two, five, eight, and 11 mm from the alveolar crest. In this article, measurements distal to the canines are presented. In the maxilla, the greatest amount of mesiodistal bone was on the palatal side between the second premolar and the first molar. The least amount of bone was in the tuberosity. The greatest thickness of bone in the buccopalatal dimension was between the first and second molars, whereas the least was found in the tuberosity. In the mandible, the greatest amount of mesiodistal dimension was between first and second premolar. The least amount of bone was between the first premolar and the canine. In the buccolingual dimension, the greatest thickness was between first and second molars. The least amount of bone was between first premolar and the canine. Clinical indications for a safe application of the miniscrews are provided, as well as the ideal miniscrew features.