锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端三部分和四部分骨折的疗效及并发症——5年随访分析

目的评估锁定钢板内固定治疗Neer三部分和四部分肱骨近端骨折的疗效及并发症。方法回顾性分析接受锁定钢板内固定治疗的122例三部分或四部分肱骨近端骨折患者,其中肱骨近端内锁定系统（PHILOS）钢板84例,围关节锁定钢板38例,平均随访时间为61．7个月（60-80个月）。采用Constant—Murley肩关节功能评分评价患肢术后功能,同时对各种并发症进行分析。结果末次随访时患者术后平均Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分为77．8分,PHILO）S组平均76．3分,围关节锁定钢板组平均78．1分,两者差异无统计学意义（P=0．098）。18例（14．8％）患者术后出现肱骨头坏死、骨折不愈合、浅表感染、螺钉切出及肩部撞击征等并发症。结论锁定钢板内固定治疗复杂肱骨近端骨折可取得较满意的疗效。采用不同设计锁定钢板手术引起并发症的危险性无明显差异。     

Clinical comparison between open plating and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for displaced proximal humeral fractures: A prospective randomized controlled trial

BackgroundRecently, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) has been widely used for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. However, there is concern about whether the MIPO in comminuted proximal humeral fractures is also comparable to open plating. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of open plating and MIPO for acute displaced proximal humeral fractures.Materials and methodsIn this prospective, randomized controlled study, 107 patients who had an acute proximal humeral fracture were randomized to either the open plating or MIPO techniques. Forty-five patients treated with open plating and 45 with the MIPO technique who were followed up at least 1 year were evaluated. Shoulder functional assessment, operating time, several radiographic parameters, and complications were evaluated at final follow-up.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 15.0 months in the open plating and 14.3 months in the MIPO technique. There were no statistically significant differences in functional assessment scores and radiographic parameters between the two groups. High complications rates were found in 4-part fracture in both surgical methods The average operation time in the MIPO group were significantly lower compared to the open plating group (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed MIPO in proximal humerus fractures had similar clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to the open plating. However, the MIPO technique in proximal humerus fracture provided significantly shorter operation time than the open plating.     

The results of tension band rotator cuff suture fixation of locked plating of displaced proximal humerus fractures

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to assess 1-year outcomes of patients with displaced proximal humerus fractures who underwent treatment with locked plate fixation with rotator cuff suture augmentation.MethodsA total of 86 patients who had sustained 2, 3 and 4-part displaced proximal humerus fractures underwent locked plate fixation with multiple sutures placed in the cuff tendons. Clinical outcome variables included active forward elevation (AFE), active external rotation (AER), and Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores. Post-operative variables included the following complications: varus re-collapse, loss of fixation, osteonecrosis of the humeral head (AVN), screw cut out, hardware failure and infection.ResultsForty-one patients were available with minimum of 1-year follow-up. Mean AFE was 142 ± 17.0° and AER was 41 ± 13.0°. The overall complication rate was 14.6%, with osteonecrosis being the most common (12.2%). Of the 21 patients (51.2%) that initially had varus displacement, all but one maintained anatomic reduction and fixation. Mean ASES score was 78.2 ± 20.0 and average Constant score was 72.7 ± 17.6. Bivariate analyses demonstrated that pre-operative medial comminution (p = 0.297) or varus collapse (p = 0.95) were not associated with an increased likelihood of sustaining a complication.ConclusionsFollow-up of patients in this series demonstrated a low overall complication rate and excellent functional outcomes. We believe suture augmentation of the rotator cuff can counteract varus forces on proximal humerus fractures fixed with locked plates, and should be performed routinely in displaced 2, 3 and 4 part fractures.     

PHILOS 接骨板治疗复杂肱骨干中上段骨折的初步报告

目的 评价肱骨近端内固定锁定系统(PHILOS)接骨板治疗复杂肱骨干中上段骨折的临床疗效.方法 2007年4月至2008年1月,应用PHILOS接骨板治疗复杂肱骨干中上段骨折16例,男6例,女10例;年龄54～88岁,平均71.5岁;左侧11例,右侧5例;按AO/OTA分型:CI型4例,C2型3例,C3型9例.术中记录手术总时间,PHILOS接骨板置放时间,术中出血量.采用Constant-Murley肩关节评分标准,对患者健侧、患侧肩关节进行评分,同时计算患侧评分占健侧评分的百分比,＞80%为优良.60%～80%为满意,＜60%为差.结果 手术总时间为75～160 min,平均115 min;PHILOS接骨板置放时间25～45 min,平均35 min;术中出血量为150～525 ml,平均350 ml;住院时间为17～22 d,平均18.5 d.14例患者获得随访,随访时间5～12个月,平均9.6个月.骨折愈合时间7～16周,平均12.1周.骨折端无移位,螺钉无松动、拔出及断钉,患侧肱骨头较健侧无吸收、缩小征象;患侧肩关节前届上举活动度为120°～170°,平均150°.末次随访时Constant-Murley评分平均为78.5分(62～92分);患侧评分占健侧评分的百分比为75.6%～97.6%,平均87.6%;优良12例,满意2例,优良率为85.7%.结论 应用长型PHILOS锁定加压接骨板治疗复杂肱骨干中上段骨折可获得较理想的临床疗效.     

经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的：观察经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端Neer 2、3部分骨折的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2015年7月至2018年1月采用经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端Neer 2、3部分骨折15例,男7例,女8例;年龄23~67岁,平均46岁;左侧5例,右侧10例;Neer 2部分骨折7例,Neer 3部分骨折8例。术前和术后随访均拍摄X线片及CT以评估骨折的位置和骨折愈合的情况。临床评价包括Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分、手术并发症的分析。15例均应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗,术后均采用Constant-Murley评分评定肩关节功能。结果：15例均获随访,时间14~36个月,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间14~26周,平均19.1周。术后均无肱骨头坏死、腋神经损伤、骨折不愈合等并发症发生。术后3个月Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分72~94分,平均81分,优2例,良13例。结论：采用经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折手术操作简单,损伤小,术后肩关节功能恢复快。     

Dual Locking Plate Osteosynthesis for 3- or 4-Part Proximal Humeral Fractures Combined with Multiple Fractures of the Greater Tuberosity

BackgroundThis retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dual locking plate osteosynthesis for treating 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures combined with multiple fractures of the greater tuberosity.MethodsFrom January 2012 to December 2018, 19 skeletally mature patients, who suffered 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures combined with multiple fractures of the greater tuberosity, were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using a dual locking plate technique through a delto-pectoral approach. Indexes for evaluation included fracture healing, quality of reduction, and incidence of complications (infections, screw perforation into the glenohumeral joint, subacromial impingement, hardware failure, avascular necrosis, and loss of reduction). Shoulder function was evaluated using Constant–Murley scoring.ResultsThe patients were assessed at a mean time of 25.3 months after surgery. Union of fractures was radiographically confirmed for all 19 patients. The mean Constant–Murley patient score was 85.2 points, and complications were identified in two patients during follow-up evaluations.ConclusionsThe method of using dual locking plate osteosynthesis through a delto-pectoral approach resulted in a satisfactory union rate, excellent fracture reduction, low complication rate and good shoulder function for patients with complex proximal humeral fractures. The method is effective for treating 3- or 4-part proximal humeral fractures combined with multiple fractures of the greater tuberosity.     

Outcomes for four-part proximal humerus fractures treated with a locking compression plate and an autologous iliac bone impaction graft

ObjectivesThe study aims to evaluate outcomes of autologous iliac bone impaction grafts (AIBIGs) with locking-compression plates (LCPs) in four-part proximal humeral fracture.MethodsBetween October 2004 and October 2008, 21 AIBIG with LCP osteosyntheses were done for four-part proximal humeral fractures. Patients included seven males and 14 females. Their mean age at the time of the operation was 66.3 ± 16.9 years (range: 24–87 years). Five patients had high-energy fractures other than fall from standing height. There were two fracture-dislocation cases, and three valgus-impacted fractures. The length of the calcar segment attached to the articular segment was 7.04 ± 6.10 mm; 13 of the 21 cases had lengths less than 8 mm. Medial-hinge displacement was 16.77 ± 15.84 mm; 19 of the 21 cases had displacements more than 2 mm.ResultsThere was no avascular necrosis of the humeral head and union was achieved in all cases. Varus collapse and hardware-related complications were not observed. Postoperative neck-shaft angles were found to be 129 ± 9° (range: 109–146°). Neer scores were 92.0 ± 6.3 (range: 81–100).ConclusionThe results of using AIBIG with LCP for four-part proximal humeral fractures are excellent. There are significant bone defects in osteoporotic or comminuted fractures and LCP alone does not always provide reliable fixation. Therefore, meticulous technique and use of AIBIG in this complicated type of fracture can ensure a favourable outcome.     

Simple radiographic assessment of bone quality is associated with loss of surgical fixation in patients with proximal humeral fractures

AimThis study aimed to determine if the ratio of cortical thickness to shaft diameter of the humerus, as measured on a simple anterior-posterior shoulder radiograph, is associated with surgical fixation failure.Patients and Methods64 consecutive fractures in 63 patients (mean age 66.1years, range 35–90) operated with surgical fixation between March 2011 and July 2014 using PERI-LOC locking plate and screws (Smith and Nephew, UK) were identified. Predictors of bone quality were measured from preoperative radiographs, including ratio of the medial cortex to shaft diameter (medial cortical ratio, MCR). Loss of fixation (displacement, screw cut out, or change in neck-shaft angle >4 degrees) was determined on follow-up radiographs.ResultsLoss of fixation occurred in 14 patients (21.9%) during the follow up. Patients were older in the failure group 72.8 vs. 64.2 years (p = 0.007). The MCR was significantly lower in patients with failed fixation 0.170 vs 0.202, p = 0.019. Loss of fixation is three times more likely in patients with a MCR <0.16 (41% vs. 14%, p = 0.015). Increased fracture parts led to increased failure rate (p = 0.0005).ConclusionMedial cortex ratio is significantly associated with loss of surgical fixation and may prove to be a useful adjunct for clinical decision making in patients with proximal humeral fractures.     

微创肱骨近端锁定接骨板结合可注射人工骨治疗高龄肱骨近端骨折的病例对照研究

目的:探讨微创肱骨近端锁定接骨板(PHILOS)结合可注射型人工骨治疗高龄肱骨近端骨折临床疗效。方法:2006年1月至2012年1月治疗肱骨近端骨折80例,分为研究组40例和对照组40例。研究组使用微创PHI-LOS结合可注射型人工骨治疗,男20例,女20例,平均年龄(68.4±11.9)岁;按AO分型,A1型2例,A2型3例,B1型6例,B2型7例,B3型9例,C1型6例,C2型7例。对照组使用微创PHILOS内固定,男18例,女22例,平均年龄(65.4±10.7)岁;按AO分型,A1型3例,A2型4例,B1型5例,B2型8例,B3型10例,C1型5例,C2型5例。观察两组患者骨密度、患者满意率、术后并发症发生情况、骨性愈合时间及肩关节功能评分情况。结果:研究组肱骨头坏死0例,肩内翻1例,内固定松动1例,满意36例,骨密度(1.013±0.109)g/cm2,骨性愈合时间(12.00±3.79)周,肩关节功能评分97.2±4.6。对照组肱骨头坏死3例,肩内翻5例,内固定松动6例,满意32例,骨密度(0.812±0.089)g/cm2,骨性愈合时间(20.00±8.67)周,肩关节功能评分78.5±3.2。参照Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分研究组优良36例,对照组优良32例。两组在骨密度、患者满意率、术后并发症发生情况、骨性愈合时间及肩关节功能评分方面比较差异均有统计学意义,研究组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:微创PHILOS结合可注射型人工骨治疗高龄肱骨近端骨折具有创伤小、固定牢固、能够早期功能锻炼的优点,可以达到良好疗效。     

MIPPO技术联合PHILOS治疗Neer 2部分肱骨近端骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨微创经皮钢板内固定（minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis,MIPPO）技术联合肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定（proximal humerus internal lockingrn osteosynthesis system,PHILOS）治疗Neer 2部分肱骨近端骨折的疗效。 方法纳入自2014年1月至2016年3月,使用PHILOS治疗并获得1年及以上随访的20例患者研究。2部分外科颈骨折10例,男5例,女5例,平均年龄（42.10±13.79）岁;2部分大结节骨折10例,其中男7例,女3例,平均年龄（49.80±8.13）岁。所有骨折均为闭合性骨折。术后定期复查并记录患者肩关节功能,影像学检查复位效果及愈合情况。用美国肩肘外科协会评分（rating scale of the American shoulder and elbow surgeons,ASES）、Constant-Murley评分及视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale,VAS）等指标评价肩关节功能。采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果20例患者获得12~24个月的随访,平均（15.50±9.66）（12~24）个月,其中外科颈骨折患者随访平均时间为（14.40±10.88）（12~24）个月,大结节骨折患者随访时间平均为（16.05±7.92）（12~24）个月。2部分外科颈骨折与2部分大结节骨折患者手术时间分别为（120.50±27.43）（90~160）min和（133.90±46.41）（60~200）min （P=0.442）;骨折愈合时间分别为（2.25±0.54）（1.5~3.0）个月和（2.60±0.81）（1.5~4.0）个月（P=0.270）;VAS评分分别为（0.40±0.52）（0~1）分和（0.50±0.53）（0~1）分（P=0.673）;ASES评分分别为（94.64±3.31）（90.0~98.3）分和（91.65±5.76）（85.0~98.3）分（P=0.172）;Constant-Murley评分分别为（95.10±3.12）（91~99）分和（92.60±5.62）（83.5~99.0）分（P=0.235）;术后前屈上举角度平均为（174.00°±5.16°）（170°~180°）和（167.00°±9.49°）（150°~180°）（P=0.055）,外旋角度分别为（43.00°±8.23°）（30°~50°）和（34.00±10.75）（20°~50°）（P=0.050）,外展角度平均为（158.00°±13.98°）（130°~180°）和（149.00°±19.69°）（110°~170°）（P=0.254）。 结论2部分肱骨近端骨折采用MIPPO技术联合PHILOS治疗收到了良好的效果,在2部分外科颈与2部分大结节骨折病例中,在术后外旋角度恢复方面前者与后者差异有明显的统计学意义,但在手术时间、性别、年龄及其他术后恢复情况,差异无统计学意义。     

Second generation locked plating for complex proximal humerus fractures in very elderly patients

ObjectivesHumeral head sacrificing procedures are more favored in elderly patients with complex proximal humerus fractures because of high incidence of failures and complications with osteosynthesis. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of second generation locked plating techniques in 3 and 4 part fractures in active elderly patients >70 years with an emphasis on function and complications.Materials and methods29 patients with displaced 3 and 4 part proximal humerus fractures were treated using the principles of second-generation proximal humerus locked plating. Fixed angle locked plating (PHILOS) using the anterolateral deltoid spilt approach augmented with traction cuff sutures was performed. Minimum of 7 locking head screws including 2 calcar screws were used. In cases with a comminuted medial calcar, an endosteal fibular strut was used. Subchondral metaphyseal bone voids were filled with injectable calcium phosphate cement. Radiological outcome (union, head – shaft angle, tuberosity reduction), functional outcome assessment (Constant and ASES scores) and complications (loss of reduction, nonunion and osteonecrosis) were assessed.ResultsThe fracture united in 24 of the 26 patients available for follow up at a mean of 27 months (12–40 months). 3 patients developed complications that required arthroplasty (fixation failure in 2 patients and osteonecrosis in 1 patient). Follow up age adjusted Constant (63.1 ± 11.9) and ASES scores (62.58 ± 7.5) showed the extent of functional improvement post surgery. Patients with fractures having a non-comminuted medial calcar and valgus displacement of the humeral head had better functional scores and fewer complications.ConclusionOsteosynthesis with second generation locked plating techniques provide satisfactory outcome in very elderly patients with complex proximal humerus fractures with minimal complications.     

Clinical outcome and complications using a polyaxial locking plate in the treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures. A reliable system?

IntroductionThe surgical treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures (ORIF) is a perpetual challenge to the surgeon. For this reason, the principle of polyaxiality was developed to provide an improved primary stability of the fracture through better anchorage of the screws, especially in osteoporotic bone. The aim of this study was to present clinical results with the polyaxial locking plate in the operative treatment of proximal humerus fractures in order to determine whether the technique of polyaxiality leads to better functional outcome and lower complication rates in comparison to monoaxial plates in the literature.Patients and methodsSeventy-three patients with displaced proximal humeral fractures were treated surgically with the polyaxial locking Suture Plate? (Arthrex^®) between 03/2007 and 06/2009. Fifty-two of the patients (mean age, 69.9 ± 12.1) were included in a radiographical and clinical examination using the Constant score (CS) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (DASH).ResultsThe follow-up examinations were on average 13.9 ± 4.5 months (10–27 months) after surgical treatment. The mean CS of the patients was 66.0 ± 13.7 points, the age- and gender-related CS was 90.9% ± 20.0% and the mean DASH score was 23.8 ± 19.8 points for the injured side. The patients with a nearly anatomical reduction of their fracture (n = 13) reached a significantly higher CS (75.1 ± 8.5; p = 0.004) and DASH-score (13.6 ± 11.6; p = 0.043) and none of these patients had a complication. The complications were identified in 12 (23.1%) cases, 5 of which involved loss of reduction. All of these 5 cases were lacking of initial medial column support and 4 of which were type C2.3 AO-Classification.ConclusionThe data show that the combination of angular stability with the possibility of variable polyaxial screw direction is a good concept for reduction and fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures, but anatomical reduction and medial support remain important preconditions for a good outcome. However, a significantly lower rate of complications or better clinical outcome than that reported in the literature could not be found.     

经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的　对应用经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效、适应证和手术方法进行总结分析。方法　随访 4 9例应用经皮穿针固定治疗的肱骨近端新鲜闭合骨折患者 ,平均随访时间 16 9个月。患者平均年龄 4 0 4岁。 2部分外科颈骨折 39例 ,2部分大结节骨折 6例 ,外展嵌插 4部分骨折 4例。最终随访时进行ASES评分、Constant Murley评分、UCLA评分以及SST(SimpleShoulderTest)问卷评估。结果　 4 9例患者ASES评分平均为 91 4 ,VAS疼痛评分平均为 1 7,肩关节活动度平均为前屈上举 14 6 7°,外旋 39 6°,内旋T8～T9水平 ;Constant Murley评分平均为 88 2 ;UCLA评分平均为 31 2 ;SST问卷中回答“是”的问题平均为 10 1个。 4 9例患者骨折均愈合 ,平均愈合时间为 8 8周。患者对于疼痛的满意度为 95 9% (4 7/ 4 9) ,对于功能恢复的满意度为 91 8% (4 5 / 4 9)。最终随访时均未出现肱骨头坏死的征象。结论　应用经皮穿针固定治疗大多数 2部分外科颈骨折、外展嵌插型的 2部分大结节骨折以及外展嵌插 4部分骨折可得到良好的治疗效果 ;结合及时、充分的术后康复 ,经皮穿针固定是治疗特定类型肱骨近端骨折的一种有效的方法     

闭合或有限切开经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端两部分骨折

目的：通过分析28例闭合或有限切开经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端两部分骨折的临床疗效，探讨治疗体会及教训。方法：2005年11月至2006年11月采用闭合或有限切开经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端两部分骨折28例，男12例，女16例；年龄31-73岁，平均54．7岁。均为新鲜骨折。骨折根据Neer分型：两部分外科颈骨折18例，外展嵌插两部分大结节骨折10例。结果：本组平均手术时间42min,口均Ⅰ期愈合，X线片显示骨折对位满意，向前成角基本矫正。外展嵌插两部分大结节骨折的颈干角从术前的平均175°（160°-200°）恢复至平均136°（128°～142°），大结节移位小于3mm。随访6-13个月，平均10．3个月，骨折均愈合，未出现肱骨头缺血坏死现象，术后8—10周取出内固定。根据ASES及Constant-Murley肩关节评分系统，本组ASES评分平均91．2分（63～100分），Constant—Mudey评分平均90．4分（67-100分）。本组优12例，良14例，一般2例。结论：闭合或有限切开经皮穿针固定治疗肱骨近端两部分骨折的操作有相当难度，且须在透视下进行，但具有损伤小、康复快的优点，是治疗特定类型肱骨近端骨折的有效方法。骨质情况是决定固定稳定程度的必要条件。     

Multiloc髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨Multiloc髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年7月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院骨科采用Multiloc髓内钉治疗并获得完整随访资料的33例肱骨近端骨折患者，年龄44~83岁，平均（68.7±15.7）岁；其中Neer分型二部分骨折22例，三部分骨折11例。分别记录手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合情况及手术并发症，采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）及Constant-Murley评分评价患者术后肩关节功能情况。 结果手术均顺利完成，平均手术时间为93.2 min（70~150 min），术中平均出血量为108.2 ml（30~200 ml）。随访时间最短13个月，最长40个月，平均随访时间为（22.4±7.3）个月。末次随访平均肩关节疼痛评分0.47分（0~2分）。骨折平均愈合时间为（15.7±2.9）周，肩关节活动平均活动范围：前屈140.2°，外展135.9°，内旋36.0°，外旋54.4°。术后平均Constant评分为（85.9±10.8）分，其中优11例、良17例、一般3例，优良率为90.9%。末次随访时无一例发生切口感染、骨折不愈合及肩袖损伤等并发症。 结论Multiloc髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折具有手术创伤小、并发症少、内固定物牢固、关节功能恢复优良，对肱骨近端Neer分型二部分和三部分骨折有满意的治疗效果。     

经皮顺行克氏针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的：对应用经皮顺行克氏针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的适应证、手术方法和疗效进行总结分析。方法：应用经皮顺行穿针固定治疗肱骨近端闭合骨折32例，男7例，女25例；年龄28-75岁，平均49．25岁。Neer外科颈2部分骨折20例，3部分骨折9例，4部分骨折3例。结果：32例均获随访，随访时间8-34个月，平均13．5个月。按Con—stant-Murley功能评分标准：优21例，良9例，可2例。结论：经皮顺行穿针固定治疗肱骨近端骨折，结合有计划的康复治疗，操作简单、疗效可靠。不但可用于治疗外科颈2部分骨折，而且还可选择性地应用于3、4部分骨折的治疗。     

长PHILOS钢板结合MIPO技术治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干骨折临床研究

目的总结应用长型肱骨近端内固定锁定钢板(PHILOS),经微创钢板内固定(MIPO)技术,即肩峰下前外侧经三角肌入路治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干复杂骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年3月至2009年12月,应用长型PHILOS结合MIPO技术治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干复杂骨折18例。其中男11例,女7例;年龄28～69岁,平均58.5岁。均为新鲜闭合性骨折,受伤至手术时间5～10 d。肱骨近端骨折中Neer分型2部分骨折2例,3部分骨折12例,4部分骨折4例;肱骨干骨折中AO分型A1型3例,A2型1例,B1型5例,B2型2例,B3型3例,C1型2例,C3型2例。术后肩关节功能评价采用Neer评分,肘关节功能评价采用美国特种外科医院(HSS)评分。结果 18例患者均获随访,随访时间11～31个月,平均14.6个月。术后出现桡神经麻痹症状1例,12周内自行恢复;出现肩关节慢性轻度疼痛2例,予以对症治疗后逐渐缓解。术后12个月18例全部达骨性愈合,无退钉或内固定松动等并发症发生。按Neer评分,肩关节功能优7例,良9例,中2例,优良率为88.9%;按HSS评分,肘关节功能优16例,良2例,优良率为100%。结论长型PHILOS结合MIPO技术,具有血运破坏少、固定可靠、并发症少、满意率高等优点,是治疗肱骨近端伴肱骨干骨折的一种新方法。     

PHILOS钢板在肱骨近端骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效.方法采用PHILOS钢板治疗34例肱骨近端骨折患者.结果 失访6例,28例获得随访,时间2～24个月.患者均获得骨性愈合.术后12个月按Constant-Murley评分标准评定临床疗效：优9例,良16例,可3例.结论 PHILOS钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折,手术创伤小,骨折愈合快,肩关节功能恢复良好,是治疗肱骨近端骨折特别是合并骨质疏松患者的理想术式.     

Internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures using the Polarus intramedullary nail

INTRODUCTION: It has been stated that proximal humeral fractures are the last unsolved fractures in orthopedics. In this study, we evaluate the results of the Polarus nail, in order to constitute to the controversial problem of the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2005, 27 patients with severely displaced proximal humeral fractures were treated with the Polarus intramedullary system. The fractures were classified according to the Neer classification system. There were 16 2-part fractures and 11 3-part fractures. At the 12-months follow up we graded the clinical outcome of the patients according to the Neer scoring system. RESULTS: The duration from time of injury to operation ranged from 1 to 6 days. The mean operative time was 55 min and no need of blood transfusion was recorded. Bony union was obtained in 27 patients. There were no cases of nonunion and the period from operation to the appearance of sufficient bridging callus on radiographs was 5-11 weeks (mean 6 weeks). In one patient, a backed-out proximal screw was recorded. Stiffness of the shoulder was seen in one patient and avascular necrosis of the head of humerus in another. Related to the clinical outcome, six patients had an excellent result, 15 patients had a satisfactory result, four patients had an unsatisfactory result, and two patients had a poor result. The 77.78% of the patients had an excellent or satisfactory clinical outcome. There was significant difference in the functional outcome between patients younger than 65 years (91.55) and those older than 65 years (80.22) (P < 0.05). No significant difference was recorded in the Neer score between the patients with a 2-part fracture and the patients with a 3-part fracture (80.18) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Polarus nail is designed to provide stable fixation with a straightforward insertion and targeting procedure. The fact that 77.78% of the patients had an excellent or satisfactory clinical outcome, suggest that Polarus humeral rod system can be a worthy alternative to traditional operative methods for displaced proximal fractures of the humerus.     

经皮微创新型锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的病例对照研究

目的:评价经皮微创新型锁定钢板内固定治疗老年性肱骨近端3、4部分骨折的临床意义。方法:2008年6月至2010年12月,采用锁定钢板内固定治疗老年肱骨近端3、4部分骨折98例,男43例,女55例;年龄65～84岁,平均(71.3±6.2)岁。47例采取经三角肌外侧入路,经皮微创新型肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗(MIPPO组);51例采取三角肌胸大肌间隙入路,切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗(ORIF组)。记录患者的手术时间、术中出血量、伤口并发症、住院时间。术后应用Constant评分系统对肩关节进行功能评定。结果:96例患者均获随访,时间13～42个月,平均18.1个月,2例患者随访期内死亡。MIPPO组较ORIF组平均出血量减少125ml(P<0.05)。手术时间两组比较差异无统计学意义。平均住院时间MIPPO组较ORIF组缩短5.1d(P<0.05)。两组患者骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义。末次随访肩关节功能Constant评分两组比较差异无统计学意义,但并发症发生率MIPPO组低于ORIF组(P<0.05)。结论:经皮微创肱骨近端新型锁定钢板内固定具有术中出血少、术后患者恢复快和血运破坏少、并发症发生率低等优点,是治疗老年肱骨近端3、4部分骨折有效的方法。